Awan Microbiology Science Grade 8 Nc Vocabulary

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Microbiology

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Study of microscopic organisms

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Amoeba

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Amoeba is an animal-like protist

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Bacteria

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unicellular organisms that lack membrane-bound structures; a common term used to describe prokaryotes.

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Capsid

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the protein shell that surrounds a virus.

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Capsule

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a surface layer on some bacteria that helps them stick to each other and surfaces.

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Cilia

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a short hair-like structures used by microorganisms for motion. Paramecium uses cilia to move or locomote

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Euglena

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unicellular protist that lives in freshwater characterized by a reddish eyespot and a single flagellum

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Eukaryote

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either unicellular or multi-cellular organism that contains membrane-bound organelles and genetic material within a nucleus.

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Eyespot

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an organelle of the protist euglena that is sensitive to light.

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Flagellum

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a whip-like structure on unicellular organisms that aids with movement.

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Microbe

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any organism or near life form that cannot be seen with the naked eye.

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Paramecium

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paramecium is a protist, contains contractile vacuole for waste water and cilia for locomotion.

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Parasite

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an organism that derives nourishment or habitat from the tissues or fluids of another organism. A eukaryotic pathogen can be unicellular or multi-cellular

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Prokaryote

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a unicellular organism that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelle.

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Protist

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generally, a single-celled organism with a nucleus and organelles, including amoebas, euglenas, paramecia and volvox.

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Pseudopodia

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an extension of the cytoplasm used for movement in some organisms. A means of locomotion for an amoeba; literally, “false foot.”

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Virus

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a particle consisting of DNA encased in a protein coat that must inject its DNA into a living cell in order to reproduce. A microbe that consists of nucleic acid enclosed within a protein shell that requires a living cell in order to reproduce. Scientists consider the virus to be not alive.

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Active immunity

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protection against a disease acquired by being infected with the pathogen that causes the disease.

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Amoebic dysentery

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a disease that is caused by a parasite. The protist amoeba that is found in contaminated food and water.

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Antibiotic

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medicines used to kill or slow the growth of bacteria that cause disease.

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Antibody

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a chemical substance made by the body to help destroy an invading pathogen.

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Antimicrobial product

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is a substance that is designed to kill microbes before they enter the body.

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Carrier

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a person with a disease that they can pass on to other organisms.

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Contagion

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an infectious disease that can be transmitted or spread from one organism to another.

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Disease

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is any change that disrupts the normal function of one or more body systems.

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Epidemic

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a disease that spreads over a wide geographic area.

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Infectious disease

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any disease that is caused by a pathogen.

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Influenza

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an acute, commonly epidemic disease, occurring in several forms, caused by numerous rapidly mutating viral strains and characterized by respiratory symptoms.

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Noninfectious disease

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a disease that cannot be spread from one organism to another.

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Pathogen

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a microbe that causes disease in an organism.

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Polio

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an acute viral disease marked by inflammation of nerve cells of the brain stem and spinal cord.

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Small pox

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is an infectious disease unique to humans, caused by either of two virus: variants named Variola major and Variola minor.

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Vaccine

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any preparation used as a preventive inoculation to confer immunity against a specific disease, usually employing an innocuous form of the disease agent, as killed or weakened bacteria or viruses, to stimulate antibody production.

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Vector

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an animal that carries and transmits a disease.

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Biotechnology

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industrial use of living organisms, or parts of living organisms to produce foods, drugs, or other products.

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DNA

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is the nucleic acid responsible for carrying the genetic information of most organisms from one generation to the next.

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Mutagen

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a toxic chemical that causes damage to an organism’s DNA.

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Mutation

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a random change to a gene that results in a new trait.

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RNA

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is the nucleic acid used by most organisms for protein synthesis.

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genetic engineering

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a branch of biotechnology in which genes are altered.

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cloning

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cloning is the process of producing populations of genetically-identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cells (cell cloning), or organisms. Ethical issues are relate to cloning and it is the most controversial issue of today.