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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hydrology
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the study of water
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Hydrosphere
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the portion of Earth that contains water
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Absorbency
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the ability to take in a material
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Adhesion
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the tendency of water to stick to other substances
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Buoyancy
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the ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object that is immersed in the fluid
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Capillary Action
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the process that moves water through a narrow porous space
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Cohesion
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the attractive force between water molecules
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Density
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the measure of mass of a substance per unit volume
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Insoluble
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any substance which can not be soluble
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Man-made fibers
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a man made object resembling a thread
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Natural fibers
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an object found in nature resembling a thread
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Polarity
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uneven distribution of charges across a molecule
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Soluble
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having the ability to be dissolved in another substance
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Specific Heat
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the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius
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Surface Tension
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the force that acts on the particles at the surface of a material
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Synthetic
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prepared or created artificially; man-made not found in nature
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Universal Solvent
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the quality of water that makes it able to dissolve more substances that any other solvent can.
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Condensation
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the process of warm air cooling as it rises and releasing moisture in the form of a liquid
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Evaporation
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the process by which a liquid is changed into a vapor
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Fresh water
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water on Earth that is used for human consumption
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Groundwater
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water located below Earth’s surface
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Human Consumption
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the ability for humans to eat
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Hydrosphere
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the portion of the Earth that contains water
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Impermeable
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does not allow water to move through
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Infiltration
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water that seeps into rocks and between particles of soil
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Percolation
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the downward movement of water through pores and other spaces in soil due to gravity
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Permeable
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having pores or openings that allow water(or other liquids) to flow through them
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Precipitation
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the rain, snow, sleet or hail that falls from clouds onto the Earth’s land and oceans
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Runoff
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is precipitation that flows over land into streams and rivers. This water later enters oceans.
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Surface Water
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water found on the surface of the Earth
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Transpiration
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water vapor given off by plant photosynthesis
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Water Cycle
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the continuous movement of water from the ocean to the atmosphere to the land and back to the ocean
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Aquifer
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an underground layer of rock or soil that holds water
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Artesian Well
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a well in which water rises because of pressure within aquifer
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Drought
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a long period of scarce rainfall
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Glaciers
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– a large mass of moving ice and snow on land
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Icecaps
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– a glacier forming on an extensive area of relatively level land and flowing outward from its center
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Icebergs
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– a large floating mass of ice detached from a glacier
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Reservoir
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– a lake that stores water for human use
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River Basin
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the region of land drained by a river and its tributaries
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Watershed
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– the land area that supplies water to a river system
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Wetland
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– a land area that is covered with a shallow layer of water during some or all of the year
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ABE (Automated Benthic Explorer)
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an untethered submersible, equipped with cameras and sensors, that navigates by sound beacons for long periods of time, "sleeping" on the ocean floor between pre-programmed duties until signaled to ascend for recovery.
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Decompression Chamber
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a large portable container that divers can enter after they've surfaced to help their bodies return to normal atmospheric pressure
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Echo sounder
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a device used to determine depth by sound waves
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Fathom
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A unit of measure for ocean depth. One fathom is 6 feet (1.83 meters).
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Oceanography
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The study and exploration of the world's ocean.
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ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle)
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Unmanned submersible tethered to a mother ship and operated by pilots using a joy stick.
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Scuba
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Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus - device that allows divers to breathe underwater for long periods of time.
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SONAR
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SOund NAvigation Ranging - used to measure ocean depth by sending sound to bounce off the ocean floor.
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Submersible
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A small submarine used to explore the ocean depths; equipped with windows, lights, mechanical arms, cameras and other scientific instruments capable of seeing and recording data
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Abiotic Factor
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the non-living factors of the environment that an organism lives in.
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Abyssal Plain
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mostly flat portion of ocean floor which provides a home to a variety of unique organisms that are adapted to the extreme conditions of this habitat
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Aphotic Zone
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'Photic' means light, 'aphotic' is opposite to that.lowest layer of the ocean, where light does not reach.
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Benthos
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organisms that live on or in the ocean floor.
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Bioluminescence
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The production of non-thermal light by creatures' converting chemical energy to light energy to lure prey, attract a mate, or assist in keeping like species together. An estimated 75 percent of benthic creatures glow
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Biotic Factor
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the living organisms of the environment.
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Consumer
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feed on other organisms (plant or animal) because they cannot make their own food.
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Continental Shelf
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extends from the edge of the continent outward to where the bottom sharply drops off into a steep slope.
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Continental Slope
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- The steep incline between the continental shelf and the abyssal plain.
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Diatoms
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- Microscopic algae
(plankton) with plate-like structures composed of silica. |
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Ecosystem
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A community of different but interdependent species and their non-living environment.
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Estuary
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body of water where a river meets the ocean
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Fauna
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Animals
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Flora
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Plants
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Food Chain
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A hierarchy of food relationships from the simplest to most complex.
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Habitat
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The immediate space where an animal or plant lives and has food, water and protection.
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Holdfasts
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root-like structures of ocean plants to help hold on to the rocky bottom in ocean.
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Hydrothermal Vent
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An opening in the sea floor where super-heated water and other material are discharged into the surrounding seawater.
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Intertidal Zone
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the area that lies between the low-tide and the high-tide line.
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Mid-Ocean Ridge
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A chain of undersea mountains that circles the earth through every ocean.
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Nekton
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free-swimming organisms whose movements are independent of the tides, currents, and waves. example: fish
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Neritic Zone
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the first 200 meters (656 feet) of ocean water, which includes the seashore and most of the continental shelf.
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Oceanic Zone
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Extends from 200 meters (656 feet) deep all the way down to the bottom of the ocean.
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Ocean trench
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the deepest parts of the ocean. The deepest one is the Marianas Trench (located in the South Pacific Ocean - almost 5 miles (8.05 kilometers) deep
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Photic Zone
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The top layer of the ocean where sunlight penetrates.
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Photosynthesis
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- A chemical process where plants and algae use a sun's energy to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water.
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Phytoplankton
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- The plant and algae component of the plankton; the primary producers of most ocean food webs.
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Producer
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a living thing that produces its own food within itself, usually by using sunlight energy in photosynthesis
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Salinity
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the amount of dissolved solids in seawater
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Seamount
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A volcanic peak that rises at least 3280 feet (1000 m) from the seafloor.
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Sustainability
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– capable of continuing (meeting the needs of the present) over a long period of time without causing permanent damage in the future.
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Upwelling
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- the upward movement to the ocean surface of deeper, cold and usually nutrient-rich waters, especially along some shores, due to the offshore movement of surface waters
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Zooplankton
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- Animal component of the plankton that feed on phytoplankton and other zooplankton (primary consumers).
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Bioindicator
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organisms or components of organisms that are used to assess the health of a water system; an organism or community associated with particular environmental condition a change to the number of organisms or the proportions of the community indicate a change in the environment
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Dissolved Oxygen
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– Measure of water quality indicating free oxygen dissolved in water.
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Indicator
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– A chemical material or solution which can be used to show (usually by a change in color) the endpoint of a chemical reaction or chemical concentration. Examples are litmus and phenolphthalein.
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Macro-invertebrate
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– small, spineless creatures that are visible with the unaided eye; they include organisms such as crustaceans, mollusks, worms, and insects
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Nitrate
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– nitrogen compounds used for growth by plants and algae; a compound that can be used by photosynthetic life forms to obtain the nitrogen needed for survival
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pH
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– the measure of how acidic or basic a substance the acidity neutrality or basicity of a substance
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pH scale
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indicates of how acidic or basic a substance is, the scale goes from 0 to 14 with 7 being neutral, values less than 7 being acidic, and values greater than 7 being basic. water has pH 7 that is neutral. vinegar and lemon juice have pH value lower than 7 and baking power and baking soda have pH value more than 7
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Secchi Disk
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A flat, white disc lowered into the water by a rope until it is just barely visible. At this point, the depth of the disc from the water surface is the recorded secchi disc transparency.
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Turbidity
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a measure of the clarity of the water (how clear is it?)
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Water quality
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used to describe the health of a water system
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Aquifer
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rock layer that stores water and allows water to flow through it
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Coliform Bacteria
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Many strains of coliform bacteria are naturally present in our environment. Fecal coliform bacteria are present in the feces of humans and other warm-blooded animals. Fecal coliform bacteria should not be found in sources of drinking water. Their presence in water serves as a reliable indication of contamination from human sewage or animal droppings. Although coliform bacteria themselves are not pathogenic, they occur with intestinal pathogens that are dangerous to human health.
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Contaminates
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Any foreign components in a substance, for example in water.
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Non-point source pollution
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pollution that comes from many places or sources that is not easily identified; pollution that results from water flow picking up trash, toxic chemicals, and other types of waste
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Nutrient influx
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nutrients flowing into an area
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Point Source pollution
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pollution that can be traced to a specific source such as oil that spills from a pipeline
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Pollutant
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any substance or form of energy that can cause harm to the environment and make it unfit for use by organisms; any substance that can negatively affect an ecosystem
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Stewardship
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responsibility for conserving and restoring the Earth’s resources for future generations
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Wastewater
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water that runs into drains that may contain sewage and chemicals from homes and businesses or pollutants from industry
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Chemosynthesis
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the production of organic material or food by energy from chemical reactions rather than light. Some bacteria can produce their food by this process.
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