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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the healthy rectal temp, heart rate and resting resp for cattle?
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Rectal Temp: 101-101.5 F
Heart Rate: 48-84 bpm Resting Resp: 26-50 |
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Define abduction
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movement away from the median plane
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Define adduction
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movement toward the median plane
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Define Anterior
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toward the front of the body
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Define Posterior
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the back surface of the body
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Define caudal
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toward the tail
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Define cranial
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toward the head
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Define cutaneous
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relating to the skin
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Define dorsal
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pertaining to the back or the upper surface of the animal
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Define ventral
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away from the back or top line of the body
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Define lateral
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away from the median plane
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Define medial
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toward the median plane
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Define median plane
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through the midline of the body, divides the body into right and left halves
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Define sagittal
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situated in, or being the median plane or any plane parallel to the median plane
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Define proximal
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toward the midline
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Define distal
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farthest from the midline
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Define transverse
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a plane across the body at right angles to the median plane
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Define skin
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exterior covering of body, continuous with exterior of respiratory, urogenital and digestive tracts.
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What are the layers of the skin?
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Epidermis: outer layer of epithelial cells
Dermis: connective tissue, blood vessels, lymph, nerves, glands and hair follicles. |
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What are the functions of the skin?
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Protection
Temperature regulation Sensory nerves Secretion and excretion |
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What are the functions of the skeletal system?
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Protection
Provide support Act as levers Store minerals Site for red blood cell formation |
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What are four types of joints?
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Ball and socket: shoulder, hip
Hinged: elbow Pivot: neck (atlas, axis) Glide (vertebrae - bend several different directions) |
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What are 3 types of blood cells?
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Red blood cells: carry oxygen and CO_2
White blood cells: (leukocytes) immune cells Platelets: blood clotting |
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What are the components of whole blood?
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45% Formed elements:
-Platelets, RBCs and WBCs 55% Platelets: -Other (1.5%), Water (91.5%) and Proteins (7%) |
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What is the function of the nervous system?
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Carries signals from sensory organs to the brain and signals from brain to muscles and tissues.
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What are signals from organs to the brain called?
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Afferent signals
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What are signals from the brain to the muscles called?
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Efferent signals
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How is the nervous system divided?
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-Central Nervous System (brain & spinal cord)
-Peripheral nervous system (cranial and spinal nerves) |
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What is another name for a nerve cell?
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Neuron
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Dendrites receive signal from ____
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adjacent cells
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_____carries signal along the length of the cell via electrical action potential.
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Axon
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Define synapse
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the space between the dendrites of one cell and terminal bulbs of the next.
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What are three muscle types?
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Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
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Describe skeletal muscles.
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Voluntary, striated, threadlike shaped and multinucleated.
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Describe cardiac muscles.
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Involuntary, striated, branched shaped and mononucleated.
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Describe smooth muscles
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Involuntary, non-striated, various shape and mononucleated.
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What are the functions of muscles?
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Locomotion
Respiration Circulation Digestion Reproduction |
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Define arteries
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thick vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood
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Define veins
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return vessels
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Define capillaries
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thin-walled vessels, all tissues
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What is the lymph system?
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Accessory to the circulatory system with nodes or glands that filter foreign substances and produce lymphocytes.
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Define systemic circulation
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Moves oxygenated blood to body and returns venous (deoxygenated) blood to heart
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Define pulmonary circulation
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Veins carry oxygenated blood
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Define fasciculi
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Bundles of muscle fibers, surrounded by perimysium (connective tissue)
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Muscle fibers = muscle cells = _______
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Myofibers
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Define myofibrils
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Long, thin, cylindrical rods.
Sites of force production within muscle fibers. Run parallel to long axis of muscle fiber (entire length). |
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Define myofilaments
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Protein filaments of the myofibril.
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