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47 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the healthy rectal temp, heart rate and resting resp for cattle?
Rectal Temp: 101-101.5 F
Heart Rate: 48-84 bpm
Resting Resp: 26-50
Define abduction
movement away from the median plane
Define adduction
movement toward the median plane
Define Anterior
toward the front of the body
Define Posterior
the back surface of the body
Define caudal
toward the tail
Define cranial
toward the head
Define cutaneous
relating to the skin
Define dorsal
pertaining to the back or the upper surface of the animal
Define ventral
away from the back or top line of the body
Define lateral
away from the median plane
Define medial
toward the median plane
Define median plane
through the midline of the body, divides the body into right and left halves
Define sagittal
situated in, or being the median plane or any plane parallel to the median plane
Define proximal
toward the midline
Define distal
farthest from the midline
Define transverse
a plane across the body at right angles to the median plane
Define skin
exterior covering of body, continuous with exterior of respiratory, urogenital and digestive tracts.
What are the layers of the skin?
Epidermis: outer layer of epithelial cells
Dermis: connective tissue, blood vessels, lymph, nerves, glands and hair follicles.
What are the functions of the skin?
Protection
Temperature regulation
Sensory nerves
Secretion and excretion
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Protection
Provide support
Act as levers
Store minerals
Site for red blood cell formation
What are four types of joints?
Ball and socket: shoulder, hip
Hinged: elbow
Pivot: neck (atlas, axis)
Glide (vertebrae - bend several different directions)
What are 3 types of blood cells?
Red blood cells: carry oxygen and CO_2
White blood cells: (leukocytes) immune cells
Platelets: blood clotting
What are the components of whole blood?
45% Formed elements:
-Platelets, RBCs and WBCs
55% Platelets:
-Other (1.5%), Water (91.5%) and Proteins (7%)
What is the function of the nervous system?
Carries signals from sensory organs to the brain and signals from brain to muscles and tissues.
What are signals from organs to the brain called?
Afferent signals
What are signals from the brain to the muscles called?
Efferent signals
How is the nervous system divided?
-Central Nervous System (brain & spinal cord)
-Peripheral nervous system (cranial and spinal nerves)
What is another name for a nerve cell?
Neuron
Dendrites receive signal from ____
adjacent cells
_____carries signal along the length of the cell via electrical action potential.
Axon
Define synapse
the space between the dendrites of one cell and terminal bulbs of the next.
What are three muscle types?
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Describe skeletal muscles.
Voluntary, striated, threadlike shaped and multinucleated.
Describe cardiac muscles.
Involuntary, striated, branched shaped and mononucleated.
Describe smooth muscles
Involuntary, non-striated, various shape and mononucleated.
What are the functions of muscles?
Locomotion
Respiration
Circulation
Digestion
Reproduction
Define arteries
thick vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood
Define veins
return vessels
Define capillaries
thin-walled vessels, all tissues
What is the lymph system?
Accessory to the circulatory system with nodes or glands that filter foreign substances and produce lymphocytes.
Define systemic circulation
Moves oxygenated blood to body and returns venous (deoxygenated) blood to heart
Define pulmonary circulation
Veins carry oxygenated blood
Define fasciculi
Bundles of muscle fibers, surrounded by perimysium (connective tissue)
Muscle fibers = muscle cells = _______
Myofibers
Define myofibrils
Long, thin, cylindrical rods.
Sites of force production within muscle fibers.
Run parallel to long axis of muscle fiber (entire length).
Define myofilaments
Protein filaments of the myofibril.