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188 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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With respect to the certification of airmen, what are the categories of aircraft? |
Five: Airplane, rotorcraft, glider, lighter-than-air, and powered-lift.
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With respect to the certification of airmen, what are the classes of airplane?
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Four: Single-engine land and sea, and multiengine land and sea.
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With respect to the certification of airmen, what are the classes of rotocraft?
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Two: Gyroplane and helicopter.
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With respect to the certification of airmen, what are the classes of gliders? |
One: Glider. |
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With respect to the certification of airmen, what are the classes of lighter-than-air?
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Two: Airship (blimp) and balloon
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With respect to the certification of airmen, what are the classes of powered-lift?
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One: Powered-lift.
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With respect to the certification of aircraft, what are the categories of aircraft?
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Six: Normal, utility, transport, acrobatic, restricted, and experimental.
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With respect to the certification of aircraft, what are the classes of aircraft?
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Five: Airplane, rotorcraft, glider, balloon, and powered-lift.
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How soon after the conviction for driving while intoxicated by alcohol or drugs shall it be reported to the FAA, Civil Aviation Security Division?
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No later than 60 days after the motor vehicle action [FAR 61.15]
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CHAPTER 2 - AIRPLANE SYSTEMS
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Blank |
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Where may an aircraft's operating limitations be found?
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In the current, FAA-approved flight manual, approved manual material, markings, and placards, or any combination thereof.
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To minimize the side loads placed on the landing gear during touchdown, the pilot should keep the…
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…longitudinal axis of the aircraft parallel to the direction of its motion.
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Where may an aircraft's operating limitations be found if the aircraft has an Experimental or Special light-sport airworthiness certificate? |
Attached to the Airworthiness Certificate.
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Excessively high engine temperatures will…
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…cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage.
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If the engine oil temperature and cylinder head temperature gauges have exceeded their normal operating range, the pilot may have been operating with…
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…too much power and with the mixture set too lean.
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One purpose of the dual ignition system on an aircraft engine is to provide for…
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…improved engine performance.
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On aircraft equipped with fuel pumps, when is the auxiliary electric driven pump used?
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In the event engine-driven fuel pump fails.
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The operating principle of float-type carburetors is based on the…
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…difference in air pressure at the venturi throat and the air inlet.
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The basic purpose of adjusting the fuel/air mixture at altitude is to…
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…decrease the fuel flow in order to compensate for decreased air density.
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During the run-up at a high-elevation airport, a pilot notes a slight engine roughness that is not affected by the magneto check but grows worse during the carburetor heat check. Under these circumstances, what would be the most logical initial action?
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Check the results obtained with a leaner setting of the mixture.
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While cruising at 9,500 feet MSL, the fuel/air mixture is properly adjusted. What will occur if a descent to 4,500 feet MSL is made without readjusting the mixture?
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The fuel/air mixture may become excessively lean.
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Which condition is most favorable to the development of carburetor icing?
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Temperature between 20 and 70°F and high humidity.
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The possibility of carburetor icing exists even when the ambient air temperature is as…
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…high as 70°F and the relative humidity is high.
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If an aircraft is equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller and a float-type carburetor, the first indicatin of carburetor ice would most likely be…
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…loss of RPM.
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Applying carburetor heat will…
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…enrich the fuel/air mixture.
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What change occurs in the fuel/air mixture when carburetor heat is applied?
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The fuel/air mixture becomes richer.
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Generally speaking, the use of carburetor heat tends to…
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…decrease engine performance.
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The presence of carburetor ice in an aircraft equipped with a fixed-pitch propeller can be verified by applying carburetor heat and noting…
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…a decreased in RPM and then a gradual increase in RPM.
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With regard to carburetor ice, float-type carburetor systems in comparison to fuel injection systems are generally considered to be…
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…more susceptible to icing.
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If the grade of fuel used in an aircraft engine is lower than specified for the engine, it will most likely cause…
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…detonation.
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Detonation occurs in a reciprocating aircraft engine when…
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…the unburned charge in the cylinders explodes instead of burning normally.
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Detonation may occur at high-power settings when…
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…the fuel mixture ignites instantaneously instead of burning progressively and evenly.
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If a pilot suspects that the engine (with a fixed-pitch propeller) is detonating during climb-out after takeoff, the initial corrective action to take would be to…
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…lower the nose slightly to increase airspeed.
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The uncontrolled firing of the fuel/air charge in advance of normal spark ignition is known as…
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…pre-ignition.
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Which would most likely cause the cylinder head temperature and engine oil temperature gauges to exceed their normal operating ranges?
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Using fuel that has a lower-than-specified fuel rating.
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What type fuel can be substituted for an aircraft if the recommended octane is not available?
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The next higher octane aviation gas.
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Filling the fuel tanks after the last flight of the day is considered a good operating procedure because this will…
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…prevent moisture condensation by eliminating airspace in the tanks.
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For internal cooling, reciprocating aircraft engines are especially dependant on…
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…the circulatin of lubricating oil.
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An abnormally high engine oil temperature indication may be caused by…
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…the oil level being too low.
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What action can a pilot take to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating during a climb?
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Reduce rate of climb and increase airspeed.
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What is one procedure to aid in cooling an engine that is overheating?
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Enrich the fuel mixture.
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How is an engine operation controlled on an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller?
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The throttle controls power out as registered on the manifold pressure gauge and the propeller control regulates engine RPM.
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What is an advantage of a constant-speed propeller?
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Permits the pilot to select the blade angle for the most efficient performance.
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A precaution for the operation of an engine equipped with a constant-speed propeller is to…
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…avoid high manifold pressure settings with low RPM.
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What should be the first action after starting an aircraft engine?
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Adjust for proper RPM and check for desired indications on the engine gauges.
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Should it become necessary to handprop an airplane engine, it is extremely important that a competent pilot…
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…be at the controls in the cockpit.
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Excessively high engine temperatures, either in the air or on the ground, will…
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…cause cause loss of power, excessive oil consumption, and possible permanent internal engine damage.
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To properly purge water from the fuel system of an aircraft equipped with fuel tank sumps and a fuel strainer quick train, it is necessary to drain fuel from the…
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…fuel strainer drain and the fuel tank sumps.
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Which V-speed represents meneuvering speed?
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VA.
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If the altimeter setting is not available before flight, to which altitude should the pilot adjust the altimeter?
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The elevation of the departure area.
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Prior to takeoff, the altimeter should be set to which altitude or altimeter setting?
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The current local altimeter setting, if available, or the departure airport elevation.
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If the pitot tube and outside static vents become clogged, which instruments wo uld be affected?
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The altimeter, airspeed indicator, and vertical speed indicator.
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Which instrument will become inoperative if the pitot tube becomes clogged?
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Airspeed.
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Which instrument(s) will become inoperative if the static vents become clogged?
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Airspeed, altimeter, and vertical speed.
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Altimeter setting is the value to which the barometric pressure scale of the altimeter is set so the altimeter indicates…
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…true altitude at field elevation.
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How do variations in temperature affect the altimeter?
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Pressure levels are raised on warm days and the indicated altitude is lower than true altitude.
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What is true altitude?
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The vertical distance of the aircraft above sea level.
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What is absolute altitude?
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The vertical distance of the aircraft above the surface.
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What is density altitude?
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The pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature.
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What is pressure altitude?
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The altitude indicated with the barometric pressure scale is set to 29.92.
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Under what condition is indicated altitude the same as true altitude?
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When at sea level under standard conditions.
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If it is necessary to set the altimeter from 29.15 to 29.85, what change occurs?
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700-foot increase in indicated altitude.
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The pitot system provides impact pressure for which instrument?
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Airspeed indicator.
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As altitude increases, the indicated airspeed at which a given airplane stalls in a particular configuration will…
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…remain the same regardless of altitude.
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What does the red line on an airspeed indicator represent?
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Never-exceed speed.
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What does the white arc on an airspeed indicator represent?
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The flap operating range.
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What does the yellow arc on an airspeed indicator represent?
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The caution range.
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The maximum speed at which an airplane can be operated in smooth air is indicated on an airspeed indicator by…
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…the yellow arc, up to the red line.
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On an airspeed indicator, what color indentifies the never-exceed speed?
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The red radial line.
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On an airspeed indicator, which color identifies the power-off stalling speed in a specified configuration?
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The lower limit of the green arc.
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How is the maximum flaps-extended speed indicated on an airspeed indicator?
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The upper limit of the white arc.
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Which color identifies the normal flap operating range on the airspeed indicator?
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The white arc.
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Which color on the airspeed indicator identifies the power-off stalling speed with wing flaps and landing gear in the landing configuration?
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Lower limit of the white arc.
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How is the maximum structural cruising speed indicated on the airspeed indicator?
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Upper limit of the green arc.
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What is an important airspeed limitation that is not color coded on airspeed indicators?
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Maneuvering speed.
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Where can the maneuvering speed of an airplane be found?
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In the airplane manual or on placards.
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A turn coordinator indicator provides an indication of the…
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…movement of the aircraft about the yaw and roll axis.
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The proper adjustment to make on the attitude indicator during level flight is to align the…
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…miniature airplane to the horizon bar.
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How should a pilot determine the direction of bank from [a type of] attitude indicator?
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By the relationship of the miniature airplane to the deflected horizon bar.
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Deviation in a magnetic compass is caused by the…
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…magnetic fields within the aircraft distorting the lines of magnetic force.
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In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate initially a turn toward the west if…
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…a right turn is entered from a north heading.
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In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward north if…
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…an aircraft is accelerated while on an east or west heading.
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In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic compass will normally indicate a turn toward the south when…
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…the aircraft is decelerated while on a west heading.
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In the Norther Hemisphere, if an aircraft is accelerated or decelerated, the magnetic compass will normally indicate…
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…correctly when on a north or south heading.
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During flight, when are the indications of a magnetic compass accurate?
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Only in straight-and-level unaccelerated flight.
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If the outside air temperature (OAT) at a given altitude is warmer than standard, the density altitude is…
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…higher than pressure altitude.
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What are the standard temperature and pressure values for sea level?
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15°C and 29.92 inches Hg
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If a pilot changes the altimeter setting from 30.11 to 29.96, what is the approximate change in indication?
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Altimeter will indicate 150 feet lower.
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Under what condition will pressure altitude be equal to true altitude?
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When standard atmospheric conditions exist.
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Under what condition is pressure altitude and density altitude the same value?
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At standard temperature.
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If a flight is made from an area of low pressure into an area of high pressure without the altimeter setting being adjusted, the altimeter will indicate…
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…lower than the actual altitude above sea level.
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If a flight is made from an area of high pressure into an area of lower pressure without the altimeter setting being adjusted, the altimeter will indicate…
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…higher than the actual altitude above sea level.
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Under what condition will true altitude be lower than indicated altitude?
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In colder than standard air temperature.
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What condition would cause the altimeter to indicate a lower altitude than true altitude?
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Air temperature warmer than standard.
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Which factor would tend to increase the density altitude at a given airport?
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An increase in ambient temperature.
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The angular difference between true north and magnetic north is…
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…magnetic variation.
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What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from a south heading in the Northern Hemisphere?
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The compass will indicate a turn to the right, but at a faster rate than is actually occurring.
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When converting from true course to magnetic heading, a pilot should…
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…add westerly variation and subtract left wind correction angle.
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CHAPTER 3 - AERODYNAMIC PRINCIPLES
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Blank |
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The four forces acting on an airplane in flight are…
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…Lift, weight, thrust, and drag.
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When are the four forces that act on an airplane in equilibrium?
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During unaccelerated flight.
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The term "angle of attack" is defined as the angle…
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…between the wing chord line and the relative wind.
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What is the relationship of lift, drag, thrust, and weight when the airplane is in straight-and-level flight?
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Lift equals weight and thrust equals drag.
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One of the main functions of flaps during approach and landing is to…
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…increase the angle of descent without increasing airspeed.
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What is one purpose of wing flaps?
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To enable the pilot to make steeper approaches to a landing without increasing the airspeed.
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The angle of attack at which an airplane wing stalls will…
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…remain the same regardless of gross weight.
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What is ground effect?
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The result of the interference of the surface of the Earth with the airflow patterns about an airplane.
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And airplane said to be inherently stable will…
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…require less effort to control.
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What determines the longitudinal stability of an airplane?
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The location of the CG with respect to the center of lift.
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What causes an airplane (except a T-tail) to pitch nosedown when power is reduced and controls are not adjusted?
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The downwash on the elevators from the propeller slipstream is reduced and elevator effectiveness is reduced.
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An airplane has been loaded in such a manner that the CG is located aft of the aft CG limit. One undesireable flight charasteristice a pilot might experience with this airplane would be…
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...difficulty in recovering from a stalled condition.
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Loading an airplane to the most aft CG will cause the airplane to be…
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…less stable at all speeds.
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In what flight condition must an aircraft be placed in order to spin?
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Stalled. |
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During a spin to the left, which wing(s) is/are stalled?
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Both wings are stalled.
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In what flight condition is torque effect the greatest in a single-engine airplane?
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Low airspeed, high power, high angle of attack.
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The left turning tendency of an airplane caused by P-factor is the result of the…
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…propeller blade descending on the right, producing more thrust than the ascending blade on the left.
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When does the P-factor cause the airplane to yaw to the left?
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When at high angles of attack.
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The amount of excess load that can be imposed on the wing of an airplane depends upon the…
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…speed of the airplane.
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When basic flight maneuver increases the load factor of an airplane as compared to straight-and-level flight?
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Turns.
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What force makes an airplane turn?
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The horizontal component of lift.
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During an approach to a stall, an increased load factor will cause the airplane to…
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…stall at higher airspeed.
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Select the four flight fundamentals involved in maneuvering an aircraft:
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Straight-and-level flight, turns, climbs, and descents.
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STUDY LOAD FACTOR CHARTS
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Blank |
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When is torque effect the greatest?
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At low airspeeds, high power settings and high angles of attack. |
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What is P-factor the result of?
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The propeller blade descending on the right, and producing more thrust than the ascending blade on the left. |
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When is P-factor most pronounced?
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At high angles of attack.
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Why is establishing the proper glide attitude and airspeed critical?
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To ensure the best possiblity of reaching a suitable landing area.
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The horizontal component of lift is…
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…what makes an airplane turn.
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What is load factor?
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The ratio of the load supported by the airplane's wings to the actual weight of the aircraft and its contents.
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How does an increased load factor affect an airplane?
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Causes the airplane to stall at a higher airspeed.
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What do turns affect the load factor?
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Increase the load factor, as compared to straight-and-level flight.
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Two G's are required to maintain level flight at…
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…60 degrees.
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How is it determined how much weight the airplane's wing structure must support?
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Multiply the airplane's weight by the number of G's.
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CHAPTER 4 - THE FLIGHT ENVIRONMENT
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Blank |
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Which aircraft has the right-of-way over all other air traffic?
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An aircraft in distress.
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What action is required when two aircraft of the same category converge, but not head-on?
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The aircraft on the left shall give way.
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Which aircraft has the right-of-way over an airship and an aircraft refueling other aircraft?
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Glider.
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And airplane and an airship are converging. If the airship is left of the airplane's position, which aircraft has right-of-way?
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The airship. |
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Which aircraft has the right-of-way over an airship and a gyroplane?
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Aircraft towing other aircraft.
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What action should the pilots of a glider and an airplane take if on a head-on collision course?
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Both pilots should give way to the right.
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When two or more aircraft are approaching an airport for the purpose of landing, the right-of-way belongs to the aircraft…
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…at the lower altitude, but it shall not take advantage of this rule to cut in front of or to overtake another.
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Except when necessary for takeoff or landing, what is the minimum safe altitude for a pilot to operate an aircraft anywhwere?
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An altitude allowing, if a power unit fails, an emergency landing without undue hazard to persons or property on the surface.
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Except when necessary for takeoff or landing, what is the minimum safe altitude required for a pilot to operate an aircraft over congested areas?
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An altitude of 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within a horizontal radius of 2,000 feet.
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Except when necessarey for takeoff or landing, what is the minimum safe altitude for a pilot to operate an aircraft over OTHER than a congested area?
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An altitude of 500 feet AGL, except over open water or a sparsely populated area, which requires 500 feet from any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure. |
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Except when necessarey for takeoff or landing, an aircraft may not be operated closer than what distance from any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure?
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500 feet.
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When taxiing with strong quartering tailwinds, which aileron positions should be used?
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Aileron down on the side from which the wind is blowing.
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Which aileron positions should a pilot generally use when taxiing in strong quartering headwinds?
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Aileron up on the side from which the wind is blowing.
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Which wind condition would be most critical when taxiing a nosewheel equipped high-wing airplane?
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Quartering tailwind.
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How should the flight controls be held while taxiing a tricycle-gear equipped airplane into a left quartering headwind?
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Left aileron up, elevator neutral.
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How should the flight controls be held while taxiing a tailwheel airplane into a right quartering headwind?
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Right aileron up, elevator up.
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How should the flight controls be held while taxiing a tailwheel airplane with a left quartering tailwind?
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Left aileron down, elevator down.
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Prior to starting each maneuver, pilots should…
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…visually scan the entire area for collision avoidance.
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What procedure is recommended when climbing or descending VFR on an airway?
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Execute gentle banks, left and right for continuous visual scanning of the airspace.
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What effect does haze have on the ability to see traffic or terrain features during flight?
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All traffic or terrain features appear to be farther away than their actual distance.
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The most effective method of scanning for other aircraft for collision avoidance during daylight hours is to use…
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…a series of short, regularly-spaced eye movements to search each 10-degree sector.
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Which technique should a pilot use to scan for traffic to the right and left during straight-and-level flight?
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Systematically focus on different segments of the sky for short intervals.
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Most midair collision accidents occur during…
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…clear days.
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While operating in class D airspace, each pilot of an aircraft approaching to land on a runway served by a visual approach slope indicator (VASI) shall…
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…maintain an altitude at or above the glide slope until a lower altitude is necessary for a safe landing.
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When approaching to land on a runway served by a visual approach slope indicator (VASI), the pilot shall…
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…maintain an altitude at or above the glide slope.
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Airport taxiway edge lights are identified at night by…
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…blue omnidirectional lights.
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A slightly high glide slope indication from a precision approach path indicator is…
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…three white lights and one red light.
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A below glide slope indication from a tri-color VASI is a…
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…red light symbol.
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An above glide slope indication from a tri-color VASI is…
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…an amber light signal.
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An on glide slope indication from a tri-color VASI is…
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…a green light signal.
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A below glide slope indication from a pulsating approach slope indicator is a…
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…pulsating red light.
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A glide slope indication of 4 red above 4 white indicates…
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…on the glide slope. |
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A glide slope indication of 4 white above 4 white indicates…
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…above the glide slope.
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While on final approach to a runway equipped with a standard 2-bar VASI, the lights visible are 4 red over 4 red. This means the aircraft is…
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…below the glide slope.
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To set the hight intensity runway lights on medium intensity, the pilot should click the microphone seven times, then click it…
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…5 times within 5 seconds.
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An airport's rotating beacon operated during daylight hours indicates…
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…that weather at the airport located in Class D airspace is below basic VFR weather minimums.
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A military air station can be identified by a rotating beacon that emits…
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…two quick, white flashes between green flashes. |
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How can a military airport be identified at night?
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Dual peaked (two quick) white flashes between green flashes.
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The numbers 9 and 27 on a runway indicate that the runway is oriented approximately…
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….090° and 270° magnetic.
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Who should not participate in the Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO) program?
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Student pilots.
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Who has final authority to accept or decline any land and hold short (LAHSO) clearance?
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Pilot-in-command.
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When should pilots descine a land and hold short (LAHSO) clearance?
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When it will compromise safety.
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Where is the "Available Landing Distance" (ALD) data published for an airport that utilizes Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO) published?
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Special Notices section of the Airport Facility Directory (A/FD).
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What is the minimum visibility for a pilot to receive a land and hold short (LAHSO) clearance?
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3 statute miles.
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When approaching taxiway holding lines from the side with the continuous lines, the pilot…
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…should not cross the lines without ATC clearance.
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The numbers 8 and 26 on the approach ends of the runway indicate that the runway is oriented approximately…
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…080° and 260° magnetic. |
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The recommended entry position to an airport traffic pattern is…
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…to enter 45°at the midpoint on the downwind leg at traffic pattern altitude.
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What is the purpose of the runway/runway hold position sign?
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Denotes entrance to runway from a taxiway.
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What does the outbound destination sign identify?
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Identifies direction to take-off runways.
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If an control tower and an FSS are located on the same airport, which function is provided by the FSS during those periods when the tower is closed?
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Airport Advisory Service.
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When should pilots state their position on the airport when calling the tower for takeoff?
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When departing from a runway intersection.
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Pilots flying over a national wildlife refuge are requested to fly no lower than…
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…2,000 feet AGL.
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Which is true concerning the blue and magenta colors used to depict airports on Sectional Aeronautical Charts?
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Airports with control towers underlying Class B, C, D, and E airspace are shown in blue.
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How do lines of longitude cross the equator?
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At right angles.
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