• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/370

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

370 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Etiology of Infectious Bursal Disease?

Birnavirus (RNA)

Signalment of Infectious Bursal Disease?

chickens; problem in the young

Clinical signs of Infectious bursal disease?

Swelling and hemorrhage in bursa leads to immunosuppuression: gangrenous dermatitis

Control of Infectious bursal disease?

prevent exposure; vaccination;

Etiology of Hemorrhagic Enteritis?

Adenovirus (DNA)

Signalment of hemorrhagic enteritis?

Turkeys 6-8 wks of age most susceptible to intestinal form; Associated with immunosuppression in young turkeys

Necropsy of hemorrhagic enteritis?

hemorrhage into intestine; swollen spleen; Histo: intranuclear inclusions in cells of spleen

Diagnosis of hemorrhagic enteritis?

Intranuclear inclusions in spleen; viral particles in intestinal contents and spleens using electron microscopy

Prevention of hemorrhagic enteritis?

prevent exposure as long as possible; vaccination

Etiology of Avian Influenza?

Type A influenza virus, family orthomyxoviridae

T or F: Avian influenza is reportable.

TRUE!

Spp affected by Influenza A?

birds, swine, horses, and humans

Hemagglutinin importance?

pathogenicity and vaccination

Neuraminidase importance?

protective effects with respect to vaccination

What is MG?

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Clinical signs of Mycoplasma gallisepticum?

chronic respiratory disease; airsacculitis

Pathogenesis of Mycoplasma gallisepticum?

impairs ciliary function in upper respiratory tract --> leads to secondary infections

Control of Mycoplasma gallisepticum

NPIP accredited source vaccines; Killed or Live (spray or eye-drop); Tylan in feed

What is MS?

Mycoplasma synoviae

Mycoplasma synoviae signalment?

Meat birds (turkeys or broilers); little effect on layers; may be associated with E. coli peritonitis

Control of Mycoplasma synoviae?

NPIP accredited sources; Killed vaccine; Tylan in feed

Etioligy Colisepticemia and airsacculitis

E. coli

Infection with colibacillosis? (Colisepticemia and airsacculitis)

usually secondary; enters via respiratory tract

Control of Colisepticemia?

Prevent primary infections; Bacterins and MLV vax

Treatment of Colisepticemia?

Antibiotics to control outbreaks

Etiology of Fowl cholera?

Pasteurella multocida

Signalment of fowl cholera?

Chicken, turkeys, over 10 wk of age

How is fowl cholera spread?

Water by mammals (raccoons, opossums, etc)

Clinical signs of fowl cholera?

depressed, off feed, Septicemia and/or severe pneumonia, death without gross changes

Prevention of Fowl cholera?

keep free ranging animals and birds away; water sanitation

Control of fowl cholera?

Vaccination: Bacterin, Live

Treatment of fowl cholera?

antibiotics

Salmonella spread by vertical transmission?

S. pullorum, S. gallinarum, and S enteritidis (group D); S. typhimurium

Salmonella spread by horizontal transmission?

paratyphoids;

Clinical signs of salmonellosis

depression and high mortality most commonly in young (under 2 weeks old); omphalitis and peritonitis

Gross Path signs of salmonellosis?

Omphalitis and peritonitis, cecal cores, hepatitis, myocarditis

Signalment of Paratyphoid in older birds?

laying chickens (uncommon)

Gross pathology signs of Paratyphoid in older birds?

hepatomegaly, perihepatitis, airsacculitis

Diagnosis of paratyphoid?

bacterial culture

Prevention of paratyphoid?

NPIP source chicks for group D Salmonella spp; appropriate sanitation; rodent control

Crop Mycosis etiology?

Candida albicans

Spp affected by crop mycosis?

any spp of bird

Susceptibility to crop mycosis?

secondary to immunosuppression, debilitation, moldy feed, prolonged antibiotic use

Gross pathologic signs of Crop mycosis?

thickened crop wall; mucosal surface covered by tenacious tan-white friable material

Control of crop mycosis?

cease antibiotics, remove moldy feed/litter; acidify crop contents by adding vinegar to drinking water; copper sulfate added to feed

Etiology of Erysipelas?

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (gram +)

Spp affected by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

birds and pigs (turkeys most commonly)

Signalment of Erysipelas?

turkeys over 10wks of age

T or F: Erysipelas is water-borne.

FALSE: Soil-borne

Gross path signs of Erysipelas?

swollen dark red spleen and pale liver;

Treatment and control of Erysipelas?

penicillin, sanitation

Etiology of Infectious bronchitis (IBV)

coronavirus (RNA)

Clinical signs of IBV?

respiratory signs mild in adults, severe in chicks; Sneezing, gasping, coughing, nasal d/c, sinusitis; poor shell and interior egg quality

High mortality IBV strains d/t?

nephrotropic strains

Control of IBV?

Vaccination, biosecurity, treat secondary infections

Etiology of Marek's disease?

Herpesvirus (DNA)

Etiology of lymphoid leukosis

retrovirus (RNA

How is Marek's disease shed in chickens?

feather follicles in dander

Age affected by Marek's disease?

all ages

Organ system affected by Marek's disease?

peripheral nn and CNS

Lymphoid leukosis age?

sexually mature birds

How is lymphoid leukosis transmitted?

egg transmitted

Lymphoid leukosis clinical signs?

tumors in bursa

Control of lymphoid leukosis

Cleaning and disinfection of brooder house, single age brooding; testing and elimination of infected breeders

Ddx for lymphoid leukosis?

MD and LL

Etiology of Aspergillosis

Aspergillus fumigatus or A. flavus (fungus)

Gross path of Aspergillosis?

formation of caseous plugs in bronchi and plaques in air sacs which may have greenish areas

Diagnosis of Aspergillosis?

ID typical fruiting bodies microscopically in crush or smear preparations or by culture

Control of Aspergillosis

reduce exposure to spores: control dust; avoid use of moldy material and feed;

Treatment of Aspergillosis

no treatment

Location of biting lice eggs?

vent area and underside of wings

Clinical signs of biting lice in young birds?

unthriftiness and mortality

Lice

Northern Fowl Mite characteristics (3)

Bloodsucking, on host all of lifecycle, may harbor other disease agents; NOT HOST SPECIFIC

Control of NFM and Lice?

prevent contact with wild birds; ID species of lice (for tx and source); Spray with insecticides at 5-7 day intervals; keep house empty and above freezing for 10 days

Chicken mite spp

Dermanyssus gallinae

Chicken mite characteristics (5)

Bloodsucker; Uncommon; Live in cracks and crevices; Feed at night; Survives up to 34 weeks

Chicken Mite

Chicken Mite clinical signs

Causes anemia; can kill young birds; not usually on host during day

Northern Fowl Mite

Control of Chicken Mite?

(Survives several months off host)




Clean buildings and apply approved insecticide (Tempo by Bayer, malathion); Roost paint

Scaly Leg Mite spp

Knemidocoptes

Scaley Leg Mite characteristics (4)

Life cycle on host; direct transmission; unfeathered portions of body; burrow in skin

Clinical signs of scaly leg mite

raises scale on legs and causes rough appearance of leg; occasionally on bare skin of head

Scaly leg mite

Tx of Scaly Leg Mite

Dip legs in mineral oil or approved insecticide; administer Ivermectin at 200ug/kg (not approved); Cull old birds

Roundworms

Roundworms spp

Ascaridia



Tapeworms

Intermediate host of tapeworms?

flies and darkling beetles

Cecal worm spp

Heterakis gallinae

How is cecal worm spread?

earthworms

What does the cecal worm carry?

Histomonas meleagridis

Gapeworms spp

Syngamus trachea

Three parasites most commonly carried by earthworms?

Cecal worms; Gapeworms; threadworms

How are gapeworms spread?

earthworms

Threadworm spp

Capillaria

Location in the GI of threadworms

upper digestive tract and intestine

Dx of threadworms?

scrapings, fecal smears, histopath

Necropsy signs of threadworms?

unthriftiness; thickening of the crop; tan/white exudate in crop

Treatment for roundworms?

Piperazine

Piperazine?

roundworms

Levasole

in water; broad spectrum but not licensed for use in poultry

Fenbendazole

in feed; broad spectrum; licensed for turkeys

Hygromycin B

in feed; preventative only; hen laying eggs

Which antihelmintic is ok for egg-laying chickens?

Hygromycin B in feed

Tx for tapeworms?

No approved treatment (Praziquantel)

Blackhead cause?

Protozoan: Histomonas meleagridis

Necropsy signs of Blackhead?

Typhlitis and hepatitis -- causeous cecal cores and round pale spots on liver

Which parasite spreads Blackhead

cecal worm

Tx of Histomoniasis

Metronidazole under veterinary supervision for "pets" not food animals

Prevention of Histomoniasis

Turkey/chicken feed with Nitarsone at 0.01875% and treat flock for cecal worms

Ulcerative/Necrotic enteritis causative agent?

Clostridial infection in GI

Common cause of ulcerative/necrotic enteritis in quail?

Clostridium colinum

Clinical signs of Ulcerative/necrotic enteritis

birds become emaciated, weak, and die

Necropsy signs of ulcerative/necrotic enteritis

multiple areas of necrosis and ulcercation in the intestines; ulcers may perforate and cause peritonitis

Treatment of ulcerative/necrotic enteritis

treat coccidiosis; antibiotics in water; raise on wire floors; monensin in feed

Avian tuberculosis spp affected?

any spp

Signalment of avian TB?

any spp; older birds

clinical signs of avian tuberculosis?

emaciation and death

Necropsy signs of avian Tuberculosis

granulomatous infection; usually in GI

How is avian tuberculosis spread?

soil-borne

Causative agent of avian tuberculosis?

Mycobacterium avium (wide host spectrum); M. genavense, M. tuberculosis, M. bovis (pisttacines)

Avian tuberculosis

Tx of avian TB?

no practical treatment; remove infefected fowl

Broiler ascites syndrome major sign?

right ventricular heart failure

Signalment of Broiler ascites syndrome?

broilers 2-5wks old; can be seen in turkeys

Clinical signs of Broiler ascites syndrome

may have dyspnea, weakness, or are found dead

Necropsy signs of Broiler ascites Syndrome?

enlarged cardiac silhouette; right ventricular dilation and hypertrophy, and ascites

Broiler ascites syndrome

Right sided heart failure

Causes of Broiler Ascites Syndrome

High altitude; chilling in brooding; excessive salt in ration

Mycotic encephalitis etiologic agents

Aspergillus sp; Dactylaria sp.


Necropsy findings of Mycotic Encephalitis

areas of malacia and hemorrhage in brain; fungal hyphae seen microscopically

Malacia; hemorrhage; Mycotic encephalitis

Primary Bacterial meningitis causative agent?

E. coli

Primary Bacterial meningitis causative agent in ducks and turkeys

Riemerella anatipestifer

Bacterial meningitis may be secondary to?

airsacculitis

Necropsy of Vitamin E deficiency

Encephalomalacia in cerebellum; swelling and hemorrhage in cerebellum

Cause of vitamin E deficiency?

induced by actual deficiency or by feeding stale or rancid feed

Vit E deficiency: Encephalomalacia; hemorrhage in the cerebellum

Causes of Pectoral muscle atrophy?

Neurogenic - trauma; Catabolic - inappetance, malabsorption, enteritis, interstinal parasitism

Rickets

ca

First step in necropsy of pet birds?

Disinfect and wet down specimen, pharyngeal swab for PCR

Scaly Face mite?

Knemidokoptes pilae

Hyperkeratotic lesions on beaks of psittacines?

Knemidokoptes (Scaly face mite)

Hyperkeratotic lesions on feet of passerines

Knemidokoptes pilae (scaly face mite)

Tx of scaly face mite?

topical ivermectin

Scaly Face Mite

Etiology of Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease

Circovirus (DNA)

Signalment of Psittacine Beak and Feather disease

young, feather loss, abnormal feathers, immunosuppression

Dx of Psittacine Beak and Feather disease

PCR, feather biopsies to look for intracytoplasmic inclusions

Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease

Avian pox infection spread by?

Need abrasions for viral entry; Carried by mosquitos and biting flies

Avian Pox

Control of Avian Pox?

dry form: not a high death loss; Immune after surviving infection; Vaccination (Canary pox); control biting insects

Etiology of Dermatophytosis?

Microsporum gallinae (ZOONOTIC)

Dx of Dermatophytosis?

culture, skin scrape, histopath

Tx of Dermatophytosis?

topical antifungals

4 causes of Feather picking?

from flock-mates, nutritional deficiency, external parasites, behavioral

Feather picking Self mutilation

Xanthoma/Xanthomatosis

What is a xanthoma?

Accumulationof lipid-laden macrophages, giant cells, free cholesterol, and fibrosis, YELLOW MASS(es); Gallinaceous and psittacine

causes of Feather cysts

trauma, malnutrition, or infections; MORE COMMON IN CANARIES WITH EXTRA DOWNY TYPE of feather

Tx of feather cysts?

surgical manipulation

Feather cysts

"Canker" in pigeons; "Founce" in raptors

Trichomoniasis

Who is susceptible to Trichomoniasis

caged birds

Trichomoniasis is found where? what are symptoms?

upper digestive tract -- crop stasis, vomiting, dyspnea, foul breath odor, weight loss, inappetance

Dx of Trichomoniasis

wet mount scraping, histopath

Trichomoniasis

Tx of trichomoniasis?

Metronidazole, Carnidazole

etiology of Proventricular Dilation Disease

Bornavirus

Who gets proventricular dilation disease?

psittacines and parrot-type

Signs of Proventricular dilation disease?

depression, weight loss, vomiting, passing of undigested food in feces, emaciation, distended impacted proventriculus, gizzard, or crop; Inflammation of myenteric plexuses and ganglia

Proventricular Dilation disease

Etiology of Pacheco's disease

Herpesvirus

Who gets Pacheco's disease?

parrots and psittacines

Dx of Pacheco's disease?

histopath, multifocal hepatic necrosis with intranuclear inclusions; PCR assay

Herpesvirus in parrots and psittacines with HIGH MORTALITY IN NAIVE BIRDS, SURVIVORS CAN BE CARRIERS

Pacheco's disease

Pacheco's disease

Etiology of Psittacosis

Chlamydophila psittaci

Chlamydophila psittaci infection in pet birds? in poultry?

Pet birds = Psittacosis; Poultry = Ornithosis

Hepatomegaly associated with psittacosis

Airsacculitis associated with Psittacosis

Severe Airsacculitis associated with Psittacosis

Dx of Psittacosis

choanal cleft swab for PCR

Tx of Psittacosis

Doxycycline, Chloratetracycline; on susceptible during replicative stage

t or f: Psittacosis is reportable.

TRUE: TRANSMISSIBLE TO HUMANS

etiology of Budgerigar fledgling disease

Polyomavirus, Papovirus

Dx of Polyomavirus

intranuclear inclusions in liver, PCR of cloacal or choanal swabs

Polymovirus

Mites of the respiratory system

Cytodites nudus

Symptoms of Cytodites nudus infection

emaciation, dyspnea, pulmonary granulomas

Tracheal Mite: Cytodites nudus

Pulmonary Congestion and Edema caused by?

Propane, PTFE (teflon) overheated

Pulmonary edema (caused by nauxious disease, Propane, teflon)

5 Common diseases of female reproductive tract?

Ovarian adenocarcinoma, Bacterial salpingitis, egg binding, cloacal prolapse, and cloacal papilloma

3 Common disease of the urinary system?

Chronic renal failure, renal gout, and urinary tract obstruction

Cloacal papilloma

Egg binding

Cloacal prolapse

Bacterial Salpingitis

Hydronephrosis

Visceral Gout : CHALKY WHITE PERICARDIUM

Viral encephalitis causes?

West Nile virus, Avian influenza, Exotic Newcastle disease (PCR)

Nutritional deficiencies of CNS problems?

Vit A, Vit E, Thiamine

Signs of WNV in birds?

Recumbency, leg/wing paralysis, incoordination, torticollis, opisthotonus

Viral encephalitis - WNV

Dx of WNV?

History, clinical signs; Microscopic changes in brain, PCR, IHC

RNA Virus closely related to newcastle disease virus?

Type 1 paramyxovirus - Pigeon paramyxovirus Virus

Pigeon paramyxovirus virus signs?

neuro, polyvuria

Causes of Pectoral Muscle atrophy?

Neurogenic (trauma); Catabolic - inappetance, malabsorption, enteritis, intestinal parasitism

Pectoral Muscle atrophy

Sarcosystosis facts

Wild ducks; cooking/subfreezing temps kill; 2-host life cycle

Sarcocystosis

Green Muscle disease

Deep pectoral myopathy

Who gets deep pectoral myopathy

turkeys and broilers

Pathogenesis of Deep pectoral myopathy

Exertioncauses physiologic swelling of muscles.Tightfascia surrounding the deep pectoral causes pressure on blood supply (subclavian artery).Resultis ischemic necrosis of the deep pectoral muscle

Green Muscle Disease

Deep Pectoral Myopathy

Disinfectants Avian influenza?

Formaldehyde, Gluteraldehyde, Phenolic compounds

LPAI avian flu?

mild disease

HPAI avian flu

fowl plague

All HPAI outbreaks of avian flu have been due to which viruses?

H5 or H7

Sources of avian flu?

waterfowl and shorebirds, live bird markets, swine farms

LPAI avian flu clinical signs?

Depression, off feed, decreased egg production and quality, coughing, sneezing, rales, lacrimation, sinusitis

Spp of bird most vulnerable to LPAI avian flu?

turkeys

Egg shell deformities in LPAI

Summary of lesions of LPAI

mildto moderate inflammation of the trachea, sinuses, air sacs and conjunctiva. Inlaying birds there often is ovarian atresia and involution of the oviduct

LPAI

Lesions oF HPAI

Cyanosisand edema of the head.Necrosisin the skin, comb, wattles , liver, kidney, spleen, or lungs.Vesiclesand ulceration on the combs.Fibrinousexudate in the trachea, air sacs, oviduct, pericardial sac, or the peritoneum.Edemaof the feet, blotchy red discoloration of the shanks.Petechiae inthe abdominal fat and mucosal and serosal surfaces.Necrosisor hemorrhage in the gizzard and proventriculus.

Cyanosis and Edema of the Head

Vesicles and ulcerations on the combs

Fibrinous exudate in trachea associated with HPAI or Newcastle Disease

Fibrinous exudate in the air sacs d/t HPAI

Edema of the feet, blotchy red discoloration of the shanks associated with HPAI

Necrosis or hemorrhage in the gizzard and proventriculus; HPAI or VVND

Dx of of HPAI

AGID, ELISA, and HI

Prevention of LPAI?

prevent exposure to waterfowland shorebirds, live bird markets, and swine farms; vaccines (killed); Prevent contamination and control themovement of people and equipment

Etiology of Newcastle disease?

Paramyxovirus (RNA)

Lentigenic Newcastle disease

Lentogenic ND lesions?

mild tracheitis

Mesogenic ND lesions?

fluidin the nasal passages, larynx, and trachea; hemorrhages in proventriculus andsmall intestines

Velogenic ND lesions?

congestionand hemorrhages in proventriculus,ceca, and intestines; if in lay may have egg yolk in the body cavity

Lentigenic Newcastle Disease

Egg Yolk Peritnoitis VVND

Hemorrhage and Necrosis in GIT in VVND

Hemorrhages in GIT in VVND

Dx of Newcastle disease?

Swabs (trachea, cloaca, and brain); Serology; PCR

T or F: Velogenic Viserotropic ND is reportable.

TRUE

Control of NCD?

Biosecurity, Vaccination

Pasting of vents, blood in feces, thickened and hemorrhagic wall of intestine; intestinal cores

Pasting of vents, blood in feces, thickened and hemorrhagic wall of intestine; intestinal cores

Cocccidiosis

Signs of coccidiosis?

pasting of vents, blood in feces; thickened and hemorrhagic wall of intestine

The youngest age bird affected by coccidiosis? why

21 days (takes 3 cycles before signs)

Coccidiosis at 20x

Tx of Coccidiosis? **

Amprolium, sulfa, ionophores (feed or water)

Prevention of Coccidiosis?

Vaccination

Etiology of Infectious laryngotracheitis?

herpesvirus (DNA)

Spp affected by infectious laryngotracheitis

Chickens, pheasants, peafowl

Signs of Infectious laryngotracheitis

Gasping chicken; Bloody mucoid to caseous exudate in proximal trachea; Intranuclear inclusions of ciliated epithelium of the trachea

Gasping chicken; Bloody mucoid to caseous exudate in proximal trachea; Intranuclear inclusions of ciliated epithelium of the trachea



Exudate partially occludes larynx: ILT

ILT

Hemorrhage in tracheas of ILT

IMPORTANT DDX of ILT?

wet form of Fowl pox

Prevention and control of ILT?

vaccination and prevent exposure

Fowl pox is carried by?

Mosquitos; need abrasians for viral entry

Fowl Pox - raised scabby areas on bare skin

DNA virus causing raised scabby areas on bare skin

Dry form of Fowl Pox

Fowl Pox

Thick caseous plaques of wet fowl pox

Which has higher mortality, dry or wet fowl pox?

wet fowl pox

Prevention of Fowl pox?

vaccination, cleaning, control vectors

Gomboro disease aka?

Infectious Bursal disease (IBD)

Etiology of Infectious Bursal disease?

birnavirus (RNA)

Swelling and hemorrhage in bursa leading to immunosuppression

Infectious bursal disease

Infectious bursal disease: Hemorrhagic bursa, Bursal cast, Swollen and discolored bursa

Infectious bursal disease

Control of IBD?

vaccination

Etiology of Hemorrhagic enteritis (HE)

Adenovirus (DNA)

Most susceptible birds to hemorrhagic enteritis?

Turkeys 6-8 weeks of age most susceptible

Hemorrhage into intestine, swollen spleen : Hemorrhagic enteritis

Dx of Hemorrhage enteritis?

Intranuclear inclusion in spleen, viral particales in intestinal contents and spleens using electron microscopy

Prevention of HE?

vaccination

Etiology of Blackhead?

Histomoniasis : Protozoan Histomonas melagridis

Signs of Blackhead (histomoniasis)

Typhlitis and hepatitis (caseous cecal cores and round pale spots on liver)

Blackhead is spread by?

Carriedby cecalworm which is harbored by earthworms

Thickened cecal wall with caseous necrotic lining, mucous; White spots on liver --> Histomoniasis (Blackhead)

Tx of Histomoniasis (blackhead)

Metronidazole under veterinary supervision for "pets" not food animals

Prevention of Histomoniasis

Turkey/Chickenfeed with Nitarsone at0.01875% and treat flock for cecal worms

Etiology of Ulcerative/Necrotic enteritis?

Clostridial infection of digestive tract

Signs of ulcerative/necrotic enteritis

Birdsbecome emaciated and weak and die.Multipleareas of necrosis and ulceration in the intestines—ulcers may perforate andcause peritonitis.

Multiple areas of necrosis and ulceration in the intestines—ulcers may perforate and cause peritonitis. -- Ulcerative/Necrotic Enteritis

Tx of ulcerative/necrotic enteritis?

treat coccidiosis, antibiotics in water, raise on wire floors, monensin in feed

Usuallyassociated with digestive tract.Olderbirds.Morbidityvariable.Emaciationand death.Granulomatousinfection.

Avian tuberculosis

Etiology of Avian tuberculosis?

Mycobacterium avium (widest host spectrum), M. genavense, M. tuberculosis, M. bovis

Avian tuberculosis

AVian tuburculosis

Avian tuberculosis

Treatment of avian tuberculosis?

no practical tx; remove infected fowl

Right ventricular heart failure?

Broiler ascites syndrome

Broiler ascites syndrome is primarily seen in who?

broilers 2-5 weeks of age

Signs of Broiler ascites syndrome?

Mayhave dyspnea, weakness, or are found dead.Enlargedcardiac silhouette, right ventricular dilation and hypertrophy, and ascites

Ascites associated with Broiler ascites syndrome (right ventricular heart failure)

Right sided heart failure (associated with Broiler ascites syndrome)

Causes of Broiler Ascites Syndrome (3)

High altitude, Chilling in brooding, excessive salt in ration

Etiology of Mycotic Encephalitis

Aspergillus sp.; Dactylaria sp

Areas of malacia and hemorrhage in brain with fungal hyphae microscopically

Mycotic Encephalitis: Aspergillus sp. Dactylaria sp.

Mycotic Encephalitis: Aspergillus; Dactylaria

Causes of Bacterial Meningitis?

E. coli, Riemerella anatipestifer (ducks and turkeys)

Bacterial meningitis may be secondary to?

airsacculitis

Bacterial meningitis

Signs of Vitamin E deficiency?

Encephalomalacia in cerebellum, swelling/hemorrhage in cerebellum

Causes of Vitamin E deficiency?

Induced by actual deficiency or by feeding stale/rancid feed

Concern with feeding stale/rancid feed to birds?

vitamin E deficiency

Encephalomalcia, swelling, HEMORRHAGE IN CEREBELLUM: Vitamin E Deficiency

Causes of rickets?

Deficiency of Ca, Phosphorus, Vitamin D, or imbalance in Ca/P ratio

Signs of rickets?

enlarged joints, reluctance or inability to stand, soft rubbery bones

Sternal scoliosis; Enlarged parathyroid gland: Rickets

Prevention of rickets?

Addwater soluble vitamin D to drinking water.Topdress feed with calcium source.Prevention: Feed balanced ration.Accessto sunlight prevents deficiency of vitamin D

Perosis causes?

deficiency of Manganese, Choline, or other B vitamins

Sign of perosis?

inability to bear weight on affected leg

Perosis

Perosis

Tx of perosis?

Feedbalanced ration and add water soluble vitamins and minerals in the DW for oneweek to prevent in others in the group9z̟$՞C

Signalment of tibiodyschondroplasia?

meat-type chickens, turkeys, and ducks

what is Tibiodyschondroplasia

Avascular plug of abnormal cartilage in growth plate of long bones

Tibiodyschondroplasia (normal on left, affected on right)

Bacterial osteomyelitis causes?

Trueperella pyogenes, E. coli

Suppurative osteomyelitis

Suppurative Osteomyelitis

airsaccultitis? - Mycoplasma gallisepticum

airsacculitis? - Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Septicemia and airsacculitis -- Colibacillosis

Fowl Cholera (Pasteurella multocida)

Acute septicemia (bottom) and Pneumonia (top) : Fowl Cholera

Omphalitis and peritonitis : Salmonella

Cecal cores : Salmonella

Hepatitis : Salmonella

Myocarditis: Salmonella

Hepatomegaly and perihepatitis: PARATYPHOID

Crop Mycosis (Candida albicans)

Crop wall is thickened and mucosal surface covered by tenacious tan-white friable material. -- Crop Mycosis (candida albicans)

Erysipelas

Swollen dark red spleen - Pale Liver: ERYSIPELAS

Infectious Bronchitis (IBV): tiger-striping of kidneys

Visceral gout: Urate Deposition on serousal linings (chalky appearance): occurs with kidney disease : Infectious bronchitis

Leukosis Complex: Soft lymphoid tumors growing into myocardium



MAREK'S -- Left: Markedly thickened sciatic; Right: Normal

Marek's disease

Lymphoid Leukosis: tumors in bursa are common

Caseous plugs in bronchi: Aspergillus fumigatus or A. flavus

Aspergillus

Brooder Pneumonia: Aspergillosis in young adult

northern fowl mite

Cecal worm: Heterakis gallinae (carries Histomonas meleagridis)

Heterakis isalonche : severely pathogenic for pheasants

Gapeworms: Syngamus trachea

unthriftiness, upper gi and intestines; Threadworms!

Poultry analogous to beef cattle

broilers

poultry analogous to hog production

turkeys

poultry analogous to dairy cattle

layers

Raiseto 6 to 7 weeks of age.


4 to5 lbs. live weight

Broilers

Common disease problems of broilers?

IBV, NDV, IBD, Coccidiosis

Age14-20 weeks.Female: whole bird market.Male: further processing

Turkeys

Common disease problems of turkeys?

viral, bacterial, and protozoal enteritis

Pullet1-18 weeks

Laying chickens

Disease problems of laying chickens?

viral, bacterial, parasitic

Game birds?

pheasant, quail, chukar partridge

Age of game birds?

12+ weeks