Avian 5

Front 1

Which of the following statements is true regarding semen collection of psittacine birds
a- The seminal fluid pH has shown to be below 7.5
b- Semen volume and sperm concentration is pretty consistent among different species
c- Sperm motility lower than 40% is normal
d- The massage technique has been successful in Aratinga species, Guarouba guaroba, Tanygnathus species and Piounus chalcopterus.
e- The massage technique has been successful in rosy-peached lovebirds

Back 1

d- The massage technique has been successful in Aratinga species, Guarouba guaroba, Tanygnathus species and Piounus chalcopterus.
JAMS 05

Front 2

Which of the following statements is true regarding Sarcocystis falculata infection
a- The definitive host is the raccoon
b- New world psittacines are more susceptible than Old world species.
c- The preferred sample from skeletal muscles biopsy is the pectoral muscle
d- Galliformes and anseriformes appear to be highly susceptible
e- Intermediate hosts of the classic cycle are cowbirds and grackles

Back 2

e- Intermediate hosts of the classic cycle are cowbirds and grackles
JAMS 05

-quadriceps muscle is preferred, also can Dx from heart

Front 3

Which of the following statements is true regarding Horner’s syndrome in birds:
a- The axions of the postganglionic motor neurons inervate striated muscle associated with the eye, blood vessels and feather follicles
b- Miosis is a consistent clinical finding in the avian cases reported
c- Ptosis is the most consistent clinical finding in the avian cases reported
d- Topical application of catecholamine-releasing agents such as hydroxyamphetamine may ameloriate clinical signs in cases with postganglionic lesions
e- Involvement of the feathers of the head and neck suggests postganglionic lesions

Back 3

c- Ptosis (droopy eyelids) is the most consistent clinical finding in the avian cases reported
JAMS 05

Front 4

Which of the following statements is true regarding treatment with doxycycline in drinking water at 0.5 g/L for C. psittaci infection in exotic doves:
a- Caused toxicity in exotic doves
b- Reached plasma concentrations above 1 ug/ml in the birds tested
c- Resulted in C. psittaci PCR negative birds after 30 days
d- Some birds remained C. psittaci PCR positive after treatment
e- Was well tolerated by the birds, and is a potential method to treat avian chlamydiosis in exotic doves

Back 4

e- Was well tolerated by the birds, and is a potential method to treat avian chlamydiosis in exotic doves
JAMS 05

Front 5

Which of the following statements is true regarding administration of Carboplatin to Sulphur-crested cockatoos
a- Carboplatin did not caused side effects in the birds
b- The most significant electrolyte abnormality after administration was hyperkalemia
c- Bone marrow toxicity was not observed during the study
d- Nephrotoxicity was observed during the study
e- Carboplatin caused osteomyelitis when administered intraouseously

Back 5

c- Bone marrow toxicity was not observed during the study
JAMS 05

Front 6

Which of the following statements is true regarding aspergillosis in wild swans in Northwest Washington:
a- Lead poisoning was a risk factor for concurrent aspergillosis
b- Maturity was associated with aspergillosis
c- Approximately 50% of them had tracheal aspergillosis
d- There was a higher proportion of female swans with aspergillosis
e- The proportion of swans with aspergillosis was higher than in other studies

Back 6

c- Approximately 50% of them had tracheal aspergillosis
JAMS 05

Front 7

Which of the following statements is true regarding minimally invasive endoscopic surgery in birds
a- Cold sterilization of the equipment with glutaralehyde is not acceptable
b- For single-entry techniques, the entry of the telescope is caudal to the last
rib and ventral to the extensor cruris medialis
c- Salpingohysterectomy in juveniles cockatiels was achieved safely with single-entry techniques
d- Salpingohysterectomy in juvenile cockatiels required triple-entry techniques
e- Salpingohysterectomy in mature hens can not be achieved safely with minimally invasive surgery

Back 7

Salpingohysterectomy in juveniles cockatiels was achieved safely with single-entry techniques
JAMS 05

Front 8

Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of corticosteroids in birds:
a- Corticosteroids use in birds is contraindicated
b- Corticosteroids use in birds is indicated in lung edema
c- Topical administration of corticosteroid has not been associated with side effects
d- Birds are as sensitive as mammals to the corticosteroid immunosuppressive side effects
e- Corticosteroid use in birds is only indicated in immunosuppressive therapy

Back 8

b- Corticosteroids use in birds is indicated in lung edema
JAMS 05

Front 9

Which of the following statements is true regarding the use maxillofacial miniplate for experimental radial and ulnar fracture in pigeons:
a- Resulted in adequate stabilization
b- The addition of an intramedullary pin in the radius allowed adequate stabilization
c- Primary bone healing was achieve with a and b
d- Cranial and ventral application of the plates resulted in improved stabilization
e- Dorsal single plate did not result in adequate stabilization

Back 9

e- Dorsal single plate did not result in adequate stabilization
JAMS 05

Front 10

Which of the following statements is true regarding avian adenovirus:
a- It has been associated to Mastadenovirus, Aviadenovirus and Atadenovirus
b- Lesions associated in psittacine birds include neprhitis, hepatitis, neumonia and enteritis
c- Frozen samples are not adequate for diagnostic test
d- The use of cidofovir might be effective with some psittacine adenoviruses
e- Psittacine adenoviruses reported showed very similar tissue tropism

Back 10

The use of cidofovir might be effective with some psittacine adenoviruses
JAMS 05

Front 11

Which of the following statements is true regarding Sarcocystosis in psittacine birds:
a- Raccoon and skunks may also be intermediate hosts
b- Beta but not gamma globulins appear to be consistently elevated
c- Serology (IFA) is specially helpful in acute presentations
d- Changes in the EPH were not consistent with infection
e- Changes in WBC, AST and CPK are the most consistent lab abnormalities in non-peracute cases (without considering EPH)

Back 11

e- Changes in WBC, AST and CPK are the most consistent lab abnormalities in non-peracute cases (without considering EPH)
JAMS 05

Front 12

Which of the following statements is true regarding injectable doxycycline in orange-winged amazon parrot, Goffin cockatoo and African greys
a- Plasma concentrations were higher in the cockatoos than in the other species tested with same formulation
b- Compounded doxycycline resulted in similar concentrations that vibravenous formulation
c- Compounded doxycycline results did not show evidence of irritation
d- Plasma concentrations achieved by SQ route in AG were higher than the ones achieved by IM injection
e- Vibravenous formulation caused GI signs in the amazon parrots

Back 12

a- Plasma concentrations were higher in the cockatoos than in the other species tested with same formulation
JAMS 05

Front 13

Which of the following statements is true regarding circulating vit E and A concentrations in psittacines
a- Vit E in Hyacinth macaws were markedly lower than in other psittacines
b- Vit E in Pesquet parrots were higher and outside of the range of other psittacines
c- They both depend on subfamily and genera
d- Vit A in Pesquet parrots were higher and outside of the range of other
e- Vit A serum or plasma is an accurate measure of vit A status

Back 13

c- They both depend on subfamily and genera
JAMS 05

Front 14

Which of the following statements is true regarding antiviral agents and herpesvirus infection in birds
a- Acyclovir has proven effective preventing Pacheco’s disease in psittacine species but caused tissue necrosis
b- Hepatotoxicity might happen in birds receiving Acyclovir, since is the toxicity most frequently associated in humans
c- Acyclovir has proven effective to inhibit hepatitis B virus replication in duck after parenteral administration but not after oral administration.
d- Acyclovir administered parenterally to Tagopans is not likely to achieve plasma concentrations that could treat and prevent herpesvirus infections
e- Acyclovir even when effective against Herpesvirus, is more expensive than most of the other antivirals

Back 14

a. Acyclovir has proven effective preventing Pacheco’s disease in psittacine species but caused tissue necrosis
JAMS 05

Front 15

Which of the following statements is true regarding adenovirus infection in raptors
a- The estimated incubation period may be 10 days
b- Adenovirus causes intracytoplasmatic inclusion bodies
c- Adenovirus are known to remain infectious for short periods of time
d- It caused same lesions in liver and kidney in Taita falcons and hybrid falcon
e- Can be isolated easily by ckichen egg incoculation

Back 15

a- The estimated incubation period may be 10 days
JAMS 05

Front 16

Which of the following statements is true regarding Angiostrongylus cantonensis infections in birds:
a- Racoons are the definitive host
b- In all avian cases describe were associated with tremors and seizures
c- In all avian cases describe were associated with ataxia and pelvic limb paresis or paralysis
d- Has never been reported
e- Has a clinical presentation different from mammals

Back 16

c- In all avian cases describe were associated with ataxia and pelvic limb paresis or paralysis
JAMS 05

Front 17

Which of the following statements is true regarding Babesia spp. Infection in birds:
a- It is a commonly diagnosed presentation in avian medicine
b- Can be treated with fipronil 5% at 5 mg/kg once
c- Can be treated with imidocarb dipropionate powder topically once
d- Can be treated with imidocarb dipropionate parenterally at 5 mg/kg
e- Can be easily distinguish from early forms of Plasmodium and Hemoproteous

Back 17

d- Can be treated with imidocarb dipropionate parenterally at 5 mg/kg
JAMS 05

Front 18

Which of the following statements is true regarding diabetes mellitus in birds:
a- The plasma glucagon-to-insulin ration in granivorous birds is 5-10 times lower than mammals
b- Type 1 (insulin-dependent) is caused by deposition of islet amyloid polypetide
c- Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) is commonly reported in birds
d- Fasting glucose metabolism in birds is similar to mammals
e- Pet birds are more dependent on glucagon than on insulin for carbohydrate metabolism and glucose regulation

Back 18

e- Pet birds are more dependent on glucagon than on insulin for carbohydrate metabolism and glucose regulation
JAMS 05

Front 19

Which of the following statements is true regarding natural infection of WNV in owls and goshawks.
a- Lesions were more severe in the owls than in the goshawks.
b- The most characteristic lesion in owls was encephalitis, while glial cells were more common in the cerebellum of the goshawks.
c- Heart was the organ that most commonly contained WNV antigen in owls
d- Spleen was the organ that most commonly contained WNV antigen in owls.
e- WNV antigen was not present in cerebral and retinal neurons of owls

Back 19

e- WNV antigen was not present in cerebral and retinal neurons of owls
JAMS 05

Front 20

In anesthetized birds, hypothermia can occur because of
a. Increased basal metabolic rate depleting energy stores
b. Decreased muscle activity
c. Block vasoconstriction due to anesthetic agents
d. a and b
e. b and c

Back 20

e. b and c

Front 21

Hypothermia in birds can produce
a. Tachycardia
b. Metabolic alkalosis
c. Ventricular fibrillation
d. a and b
e. b and c

Back 21

c. Ventricular fibrillation

Front 22

Regarding body temperature in anesthetized pigeons
a. A ventilator producing heated air maintained body temperature
b. A ventilator producing nonheated air maintained body temperature
c. A Bain nonrebreathing circuit maintained body temperature
d. All are true
e. All are false

Back 22

e. All are false

Front 23

According to Stelzer et al (JAMS 2005), massage technique for semen collection worked in
a. Amazona
b. Ara
c. Aratinga
d. Cacatua
e. Eclectus

Back 23

c. Aratinga

Front 24

Regarding rehabilitation of illegally traded Macqueen´s bustards in the United Arab Emirates
a. Birds with PMV-1 are treated with supportive care
b. All birds with rising titers of PMV-1 are euthanized
c. Birds without clinical signs of PMV-1 are vaccinated
d. 20% of confiscated birds are serologically positive to PMV-1
e. PMV-1 usually causes respiratory and digestive signs

Back 24

c. Birds without clinical signs of PMV-1 are vaccinated

Front 25

Conjunctivitis and papilloma-like growths on the third eyelid and on the conjunctiva of the lower eyelid in Macqueen´s bustards is a sign of
a. Pox (cutaneous form)
b. Papillomavirus
c. Pox (diphtheritic form)
d. Herpesvirus
e. Pox (septicemic form)

Back 25

e. Pox (septicemic form)

Front 26

Bilateral gular swelling in scarlet ibis is a sign of
a. Reproductive season
b. The bird being a male
c. Kidney failure
d. Congestive heart failure
e. Tracheal damage after intubation

Back 26

a. Reproductive season
-swelling in females only

JAMS 05 19(1):56

Front 27

Which of the following organs or systems was mainly affected by side effects of carboplatin in cockatoos?
a. Skin
b. Gastrointestinal system
c. Urogenital system
d. Hematopoietic system
e. Eyes

Back 27

b. Gastrointestinal system

Front 28

Regarding a mortality event in trumpeter swans in Washington state
a. Males were as likely as females to have aspergillosis
b. Males were less likely than females to have severe aspergillosis
c. Juveniles were as likely as adults and subadults to have aspergillosis
d. Juveniles were more likely than adults and subadults to have severe aspergillosis
e. Swans with lead poisoning were twice more likely to have aspergillosis than swans without lead poisoning

Back 28

Juveniles were more likely than adults and subadults to have severe aspergillosis

Front 29

Miniplate compact 1.0 for stabilization of ulnar + radius fractures in pigeons
a. It is only succesful when the radius is immobilized with an IM pin
b. Primary bone healing was achieved, but the stability was poor
c. Callus formation was more pronounced when the radius was not immobilized with an IM pin
d. Plate distorsion and bending was more frequent when the radius was not immobilized with an IM pin
e. Plate in the ulna, with or without IM pin in the radius, is acceptable for stabilization of combined ulna and radius fracture

Back 29

d. Plate distorsion and bending was more frequent when the radius was not immobilized with an IM pin

Front 30

Regarding diagnosis of sarcocystosis in psittacine birds
a. IFA serologic test detects both peracute and chronic forms
b. Electrophoresis changes are a good indicator of both peracute and chronic forms
c. Electrophoresis changes in sarcocystosis include increases in alpha and beta globulins
d. All are true
e. All are false

Back 30

e. All are false

Front 31

Regarding the use of micronized pharmacist –compounded doxycycline in psittacines
a. Increases in CK, AST, and LDH happen at the same time of palpable abnormalities at the injection site
b. Subcutaneous injection produced unacceptable lower plasma levels compared to IM injection
c. Subcutaneous injection produced minimal tissue necrosis
d. Micronized pharmacist-compounded doxycycline was not superior than doxycycline hyclate to keep serum levels
e. All are false

Back 31

d. Micronized pharmacist-compounded doxycycline was not superior than doxycycline hyclate to keep serum levels

Front 32

What species of psittacine has low concentration of both retinol and alpha-tocopherol
a. Ara ararauna
b. Psittacus erithacus
c. Amazona oratrix
d. Psittrichas fulgidus
e. Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha

Back 32

d. Psittrichas fulgidus = Pesquet's parrot
JAMS 05

Front 33

Regarding adenovirus infection in Taita and hybrid falcons
a. Anorexia and diarrhea were the most common signs
b. Inclusions were intranuclear and basophilic
c. Inclusions in Taita falcons were found in kidney but not in liver
d. Virus shedding in the droppings was detected in hybrid falcons but not in Taita falcons
e. Hepatomegaly was the only gross lesions observed in all falcons

Back 33

b. Inclusions were intranuclear and basophilic
JAMS 05

Front 34

Angiostrongylus cantonensis in birds
a. It is endemic of Africa and the Middle East
b. It is common in birds that are fed rodents
c. It produces neurologic signs
d. It is found in the heart and pulmonary vessels
e. It is found in the lung and pulmonary vessels

Back 34

c. It produces neurologic signs
JAMS 05