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262 Cards in this Set

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What does the following abbreviation stand for? @

"At" relating to time intervals between dose/action/intervention
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? AAA
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
ABBREV

What does the following abbreviation stand for? ACS

Acute Coronary Syndrome
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? ADLs
Activities of Daily Living
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? AF
Atrial Fibrillation
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? AIVR
Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? ALS
Advanced Life Support
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? AMI
Acute Myocardial Infarction
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? AP
Ambulance Paramedic
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? APH
Antepartum Haemorrhage
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? APO
Acute Pulmonary Oedema
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? ARV
Adult Retrieval Victora
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? AV
Ambulance Victoria
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? A-V
Atrioventricular
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? AVRT
Atrioventricular Re-entry Tachycardia
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? AVNRT
Atrioventricular Nodal Re-entry Tachycardia
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? BGL
Blood Glucose Level
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? BLS
Basic Life Support
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? BP
Blood Pressure
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? bpm
Beats Per Minute
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? BVM
Bag Valve Mask
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? C/I
Contraindication
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? CBR
Chemical/Biological/Radiation
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? CCF
Congestive Cardiac Failure
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? C.O.
Cardiac Output (L/min)
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? CCO
Casualty Collecting Officer
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? CPAP
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? CPG
Clinical Practice Guidelines
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? D5W
5% Dextrose
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? DCCS
Direct Current Counter Shock
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? DCR
Direct Current Reversion
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? DKA
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? DTM
Duty Team Manager
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? dpm
Drops Per Minute
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? ECC
External Cardiac Compression
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? ECG
Echocardiogram
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? EtCO2
End Tidal Carbon Dioxide
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? ETT
Endotracheal Tube
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? FG
French Gauge
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? FHR
Foetal Heart Rate
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? g
Gram/s
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? GCS
Glasgow Coma Score
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? GIT
Gastrointestinal Tract
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? GR
Grade
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? GTN
Glyceryl Trinitrate
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? Hr
Hour
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? HR
Heart Rate
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? Hx
History
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? ICP
Intracranial Pressure
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? IFS
Intubation Facilitated by Sedation
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? IM
Intramuscular
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? IN
Intranasal
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? I/O
Intraosseous
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? IPPV
Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? IU
International Unit
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? IV
Intravenous
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? J
Joules
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? KED
Kendrick Extrication Device
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? Kg
Kilogram/s
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? LMA
Laryngeal Mask Airway
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? Lpm
Litres Per Minute
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? LVF
Left Ventricular Failure
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? max.
Maximum
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? MCA
Motor Car Accident
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? mcg
Microgram/s
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? mg
Milligram/s
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? MICA
Mobile Intensive Care Ambulance
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? min.
Minute/s
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? ml
Millilitre/s
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? ml/hr
Millilitres per Hour
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? mmHg
Millimetres of Mercury (Hg)
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? mmol/l
Millimoles per Litre
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? MOI
Mechanism of Injury
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? MP
MICA Paramedic
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? MTS
Major Trauma Service
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? MV
Minute Ventilation
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? Mx
Management
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? NB
Note well
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? NEPT
Non Emergency Patient Transport
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? NETS
Newborn Emergency Transport Service
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? NG
Nasogastric
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? NPA
Nasopharyngeal Airway
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? NSTEMI
Non ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? O2
Oxygen
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? OD
Overdose
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? ODD
Oesophageal Detector Device
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? OG
Orogastric
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? OPA
Oropharyngeal Airway
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? PCI
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? PCR
Patient Care Record
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? PEA
Pulseless Electrical Activity
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? PEEP
Positive End-Expiratory Pressure
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? PETS
Paediatric Emergency Transport Service
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? PHx
Past History
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? PIP
Peak Inspiratory Pressure
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? pMDI
Pressurised Metered Dose Inhaler
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? PSA
Perfusion Status Assessment
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? PSV
Pressure Support Ventilation
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? Pt
Patient
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? PV
Per Vagina
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? QAP
Qualified Ambulance Paramedic
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? QRS
QRS complex of ECG
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? R&R
Rest & Reassurance
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? ROSC
Return of Spontaneous Circulation
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? RSA
Respiratory Status Assessment
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? RSI
Rapid Sequence Induction
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? RTA
Road Traffic Accident
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? R/V
Rendezvous
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? Rx
Treatment
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? SAH
Sub Arachnoid Haemorrhage
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? S Rural
Selected AV Rural Aps Permitted to perform skill
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? SCI
Spinal Cord Injury
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? sec.
second/s
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? SIMV
Synchronous Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? S/L
Sublingual
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? SOB
Short of Breath
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? SpO2
Saturation of haemoglobin with O2 Measured by Pulse Oximetry
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? SV
Stroke Volume
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? SVT
Supraventricular Tachycardia
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? STEMI
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? TBI
Traumatic Brain Injury
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? TCA
Tricyclic Antidepressant
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? TCO
Transport Collecting Officer
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? TKVO
To Keep Vein Open
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? TPT
Tension Pneumothorax
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? Tx
Transport
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? UA
Unstable Angina
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? VF
Ventricular Fibrillation
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? Vol
Volume
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? VSS
Vital Signs Survey
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? Vt
Tidal Volume
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? VT
Ventricular Tachycardia
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? Wt
Weight (Kg)
ABBREV
What does the following abbreviation stand for? x/60
x minutes
ABBREV
What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) (2)
300mg chewable tablets 300mg soluble or water dispersible tablets
D001
What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)
An analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory & antiplatelet aggregation agent. Actions: - Reduces platelet aggregation - Inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins - anti-inflammatory actions
D001
How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)
Converted to salicylate in the gut mucosa and liver, exceted mainly by kidneys
D001
What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)
To minimise plateletaggregation and thrombus formation in order to retard the progression of coronary artery thrombosis in acute conronary syndrome
D001
What are the contradications for the following medication? Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) (5)
1 Hypersensitivity to Aspirin/Salicylates 2 Actively bleeding peptic ulcers 3 Bleeding disorders 4 Suspected dissecting aortic aneurysm 5 Chest pain associated with psychostimulant overdose BP >160
D001
What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) (3)
1 Peptic Uclers 2 Asthma 3 Pt's on anti-coagulants, eg Warfarin
D001
By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) (1)
1 Oral
D001
What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) (3)
1 Heartburn, nausea, GIT Bleeding 2 Hypersensitivity reactions 3 Increased bleeding times
D001
What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) (3)
1 Aspirin is C/I for use in acute febrile illness in children and adolescents 2 The anti platelet effects of Aspirin last for the life of the platelet 3 Duration: 8-10 Days
D001
What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Adrenaline (2)
1mg in 1ml ampoule (1:1000) 1mg in 10ml ampoule (1:10,000)
D002
What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Adrenaline
A naturally occuring Aplha & Beta-adrenergic stimulant Actions: - Increases HR by increasing SA node firing rate (Beta 1) - Increases conduction velocity through the AV node (Beta 1) - Increases myocardial contractility (Beta 1) - Increases the irritibility of the ventricles (Beta 1) - Causes bronchodiliatation (Beta 2) - Causes peripheral vasoconstriction (Alpha)
D002
How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Adrenaline
By monoamine oxidase and other enzymes in blood, liver and around nerve endings and excreted by the kidneys
D002
What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Adrenaline (10)
1 Persistant VT or unconscious pulseless VT 2 Asystole 3 Electro-mechanical dissociation/PEA 4 Inadequate perfusion (Cardiogenic) 5 Inadequate perfusion (Non Cardiogenic - Non Hypovolaemic) 6 Anaphylactic reactions 7 Severe Asthma 8 Unconscious asthma with no recordable BP 9 Croup or suspected croup 10 Bradycardia with poor perfusion
D002
What are the contradications for the following medication? Adrenaline (1)
1 Hypovolaemic shock without adequate fluid replacement
D002
What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Adrenaline (4)
1 Elderly Pts 2 Pts with cardiovascular disease 3 Pts on monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors 4 Pts on Beta blockers as higher dose may be required
D002
By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Adrenaline (6)
1 Intravenous 2 Intramuscular 3 Endotracheal 4 Nebuliser 5 Intravenous infusion 6 Intraosseous
D002
What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Adrenaline (7)
1 Sinus tachycardia 2 Supraventricular arrhythmias 3 Ventricular arrhythmias 4 Hypertension 5 Pupillary dilatation 6 May increase size of myocardial infarction 7 Feeling of "anxiety/palpitations" in the conscious Pt
D002
What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Adrenaline (3)
1 Intravenous Adrenaline should be reserved for life threatening situations 2 IV effects Onset: 30 sec. Peak: 3-5 mins. Duration: 5-10 mins. 3 IM effects Onset: 30-90 sec. Peak: 4-10 mins. Duration: 5-10 mins.
D002
What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Amiodarone (1)
150mg in 3ml ampoule
D003
What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Amiodarone
A class III anti-arrhythmic agent
D003
How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Amiodarone
By the liver
D003
What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Amiodarone ()
1 VF/Pulseless VT refractory to cardioversion 2 Sustained or recurrent VT
D003
What are the contradications for the following medication? Amiodarone (4)
VF/Pulseless VT refractory to cardioversion 1 Nil of significance Ventricular Tachycardia 2 Inadequate perfusion and deteriorating rapidly 3 Pregnancy 4 Tricyclic antidepressant medication overdose
D003
What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Amiodarone (1)
1 Following Fentanyl administration
D003
By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Amiodarone (1)
1 Intravenous
D003
What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Amiodarone (2)
1 Hypotension 2 Bradycardia
D003
What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Amiodarone (3)
1 IV bolus effects Onset: 2 mins. Peak: 20 mins. Duration: 120 mins. 2 Amiodarone is incompatible with saline. Glucose 5% must be used as dilutant when administered to the conscious Pt. 3 An IV infusion of Amiodarone may be required during IHT. This will be prescribed by the referring physician and will normally be at a rate of 15mg/kg/day min.
D003
What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Atropine (2)
0.6mg in 1ml ampoule 1.2mg in 1ml ampoule
D004
What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Atropine
An anticholinergic agent Actions: - inhibits the actions of acetylcholine on post-ganglionic nerves at the neuro-effector site, eg as a vagal blocker and allows sympathetic effect to: - Increase pulse rate by increasing SA node firing rate - Increase the conduction velocity through the AV node - Antidote to reverse the effects of cholinesterase inhibitors, eg organophosphate insecticides, at the post-ganglionic neuro-effctor sites of cholinergic nerves, ie reduces the excessive salivary, sweat, GIT, and bronchial secretions, and relaxes smooth muscles.
D004
How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Atropine
By the liver and excreted mainly by the kidneys
D004
What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Atropine (2)
1 Bradycardia with poor perfusion 2 Organophosphate poisoning with excessive cholinergic effects
D004
What are the contradications for the following medication? Atropine ()
Nil of significance in the above indications
D004
What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Atropine (4)
1 Atrial flutter 2 Atrial fibrillation 3 Do not increase HR >100, except in children <6 years 4 Glaucoma
D004
By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Atropine (2)
1 Intravenous 2 Endotracheal
D004
What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Atropine (8)
1 Tachycardia 2 Palpitations 3 Dry mouth 4 Dilated pupils 5 Visual blurring 6 Retension of urine 7 Confusion, restlessness (in large doses) 8 Hot, dry skin (in large doses)
D004
What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Atropine (1)
IV effects Onset: <2 mins. Peak: <5 mins. Duration: 2-6 hrs.
D004
What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Ceftriaxone (1)
1g sterile powder in vial
D005
What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Ceftriaxone
Cephalosporin Antibiotic
D005
How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Ceftriaxone
Excreted unchanged in urine (33%-67%) and in bile
D005
What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Ceftriaxone (2)
1 Suspected meningococcal Septicaemia 2 Severe Sepsis (Consult only)
D005
What are the contradications for the following medication? Ceftriaxone (1)
1 Allergy to Cephalosporin Antibiotics
D005
What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Ceftriaxone (1)
1 Allergy to Penicillin Antibiotics
D005
By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Ceftriaxone (2)
1 Intravenous (preferred) 2 Intramuscular (if IV access unobtainable)
D005
What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Ceftriaxone (2)
1 Nausea & vomiting 2 Skin rash
D005
What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Ceftriaxone (3)
1 Usual dose: Adult 1g, Child 50mg/Kg (max 1g) 2 Ceftriaxone IV must be made up to 10ml using sterile water and administered over 2mins. 3 Ceftrixaone IM must be made up to 4ml using 1% Lignocaine and dose administered in lateral upper thigh.
D005
What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Dexamethasone (1)
8mg in 2ml in glass vial
D007
What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Dexamethasone
A corticosteroid secreted by the adrenal cortex Actions: - Relieves inflammatory reactions - Provides immunosuppression
D007
How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Dexamethasone
By the liver and other tissues; excreted predominantly by the kidneys.
D007
What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Dexamethasone (3)
1 Bronchospasm associated with acute respiratory distress not responsive to nebulised salbutamol. 2 Anaphylaxis. 3 Acute exacerbation of COPD.
D007
What are the contradications for the following medication? Dexamethasone (1)
1 Known Hypersensitivity
D007
What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Dexamethasone (1)
1 Solutions which are not clear or are contaminated should be discarded
D007
By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Dexamethasone (2)
1. Intravenous 2. Intramuscular
D007
What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Dexamethasone (1)
Nil of significance in the above indications
D007
What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Dexamethasone (2)
1. Does not vontain an antimicrobial agent, therefore use solution immediately and discard any residue. 2 IV effects Onset: 30-60 mins. Peak: 2 hrs. Duration: 36-72 hrs.
D007
What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Dextrose 5% (1)
100ml infusion soft pack
D008
What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Dextrose 5%
An isotonic crystalloid solution Composition: - Sugar - 5% dextrose - Water Actions: - Provides a small source of energy - Supplies body water
D008
How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Dextrose 5%
Dextrose: - Broken down in most tissues - Stored in the liver and muscle as glycogen Water: - Excreted by the kidneys - Distributed throughout total body water, mainly in the extracellualr fluid compartment
D008
What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Dextrose 5% (1)
1 Vehicle for dilution and administration of IV emergency drugs
D008
What are the contradications for the following medication? Dextrose 5% (1)
1 Nil of significance in the above indication
D008
What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Dextrose 5% (1)
1 Nil of significance in the above indication
D008
By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Dextrose 5% (1)
1 Intravenous Infusion
D008
What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Dextrose 5% (1)
1 Nil of significance in the above indication
D008
What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Dextrose 5% (1)
1 IV effects Duration: ~20-40 mins.
D008
What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Dextrose 10% ()
25g in 250 ml infusion soft pack
D009
What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Dextrose 10%
A slightly hypertonic crystalloid solution Composition: - Sugar - 10% dextrose - Water Actions: - Provides a small source of energy - Supplies body water
D009
How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Dextrose 10%
Dextrose: - Broken down in most tissues - Stored in the liver and muscle as glycogen Water: - Excreted by the kidneys - Distributed throughout total body water, mainly in the extracellualr fluid compartment
D009
What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Dextrose 10% (1)
1 Diabetic hypoglycaemia (BGL <4 mmol/L) in Pts with an altered conscious state who are unable to self adminster oral glucose
D009
What are the contradications for the following medication? Dextrose 10% (1)
1 Nil of significance in the above indication
D009
What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Dextrose 10% (1)
1 Nil of significance in the above indication
D009
By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Dextrose 10% (1)
1 Intravenous
D009
What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Dextrose 10% (1)
1 Nil of significance in the above indication
D009
What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Dextrose 10% (1)
1 IV effects Onset: 3 mins. Peak: n/a. Duration: Depends on severity of hypoglycaemic episode.
D009
What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Fentanyl (2)
100 mcg in 2ml glass ampoule 600 mcg in 2ml glass vial (IN use only)
D010
What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Fentanyl
A synthetic opioid analgesic Actions: CNS effects: - Depression- Leading to analgesia - Respiratory depression- Leading to apnoea - Dependance (addiction) Cardiovascular effects: - Decrease conduction velocity through the AV node
D010
How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Fentanyl
By the liver; excreted by the kidneys
D010
What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Fentanyl (4)
1 Sedation to facilitate intubation 2 Sedation to maintain intubation 3 Drug facilitated intubation 4 Analgesia - IV/IN
D010
What are the contradications for the following medication? Fentanyl (2)
1 Known Hypersensitivity 2 IV Amiodarone
D010
What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Fentanyl (8)
1 Elderly Pts 2 Impaired renal/hepatic function 3 Respiratory depression eg COPD 4 Current Asthma 5 Pts on monoamine oxidase inhibitors 6 Known addiction to opioids 7 Rhinitis, Rhinorrhea or facialtrauma (IN route) 8 Oral Amiodarone
D010
By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Fentanyl (2)
1 Intravenous 2 Intranasal
D010
What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Fentanyl (3)
1 Respiratory depression 2 Apnoea 3 Rigidity of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles
D010
What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Fentanyl (5)
1 Fentanyl is a schedule 8 drug under the Poisons Act and its use must be carefully controlled with accountability and responsibility 2 Respiratory depression can be reversed with naloxone 3 100mcg Fentanyl is equivilent in analgesic activity to 10mg Morphine 4 IV effects Onset: immediate. Peak: <5 mins. Duration: 30-60 mins. 5 IN effects Peak: 2 mins.
D010
What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Frusemide
40mg in 4mL glass ampoule
D011
What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Frusemide (2)
1) A diuretic whose actions cause venous dilatation and reduces venous return. 2) Promotes diuresis.
D011
How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Frusemide
Excreted by the kidneys.
D011
What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Frusemide (1)
Acute LVF.
D011
What are the contradications for the following medication? Frusemide (1)
1) Nil of significance in the above indication.
D011
What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Frusemide (1)
1) Hypotension.
D011
By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Frusemide (1)
1) IV.
D011
What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Frusemide (1)
1) Hypotension.
D011
What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Frusemide (2)
1) The effects of vasopressor drugs will often be reduced after Rx with Frusemide. 2) IV effects onset: 5mins Peak: 20-60mins Duration: 2-3hrs.
D011
What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Glucagon (1)
1mg (IU) in 1mL hypokit
D012
What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Glucagon (1)
Glucagon is a hormone normally secreted by the pancreas whose actions result in and increase in blood glucose concentration by converting stored liver glycogen to glucose.
D012
How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Glucagon (3)
Mainly by the liver, also by the kidneys and in plasma.
D012
What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Glucagon (1)
1) Diabetic hypoglycaemia (BGL <4mmol/L) in patients with an altered conscious state who are unable to self administer oral glucose.
D012
What are the contradications for the following medication? Glucagon (1)
1) Nil of significance in the above indication.
D012
What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Glucagon (1)
1) Nil of significance in the above indication.
D012
By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Glucagon (1)
1) IM
D012
What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Glucagon (1)
1) Nausea & vomiting (rare).
D012
What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Glucagon (2)
1) Not all patients will respond to Gluagon, eg those with inadequate glycogen stores in the liver (alcoholics, malnourished). 2) IM effects Onset: 5mins Peak: n/a Duration: 25mins.
D012
What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) (2)
1) 600mcg tablets. 2) Transdermal patches 50mg 400mcg/hr release. 3) 400mcg SL spray.
D012
What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) (7)
Principally a vascular smooth muscle relaxant whose actions 1) Cause venous dilatation promoting venous pooling and reducing venous return to the heart (reduces preload). 2) Cause arterial dilatation reducing systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure (reduces afterload). The effects of the above are: 3) Reduced myocardial O2 demand. 4) Reduced SYS, DIA, & MAP whilst usually maintaining coronary perfusion pressure. 5) Mild collateral coronary arterial dilatation may improve blood supply to ischaemic areas of myocardium. 6) Mild tachycardia secondary to slight fall in BP. 7) preterm labour: Uterine quiescence in pregnancy.
D013
How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) (1)
By the liver.
D013
What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) (5)
1) Chest pain with ACS. 2) Acute LVF. 3) Hypertension associated with ACS. 4) Autonomic dysreflexia. 5) Preterm labour (consult).
D013
What are the contradications for the following medication? Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) (9)
1) Known Hypersensitivity. 2) SYS BP < 110mmHg (tablet). 3) SYS BP < 90mmHg (patch). 4) Sildenafil (Viagra) or Vardenafil (Levitra) administration in the previous 24hrs or Tadalafil (Cialis) administration in the previous 5 days (PDE5 inhibitors). 5) HR > 150bpm. 6) Brady HR < 50bpm (excluding Autonomic Dysreflexia). 7) VT. 8)Inferior STEMI with SYS BP < 160mmHg. 9) Right ventricular MI.
D013
What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) (4)
1) No previous administration. 2) Elderly Patients. 3) Recent MI. 4) Concurrent use with other tocolytics.
D013
By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) (4)
1) SL. 2) Buccal. 3) Transdermal. 4) Infusion (IHT only).
D013
What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) (5)
1) Tachycardia. 2)Hypotension. 3)Headache. 4) Skin flushing (uncommon). 5) Bradycardia (occasionally).
D013
What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) (11)
1)GTN is susceptible to heat & moisture. 2) Do not use patient medication as quality cannot be verified. 3) Tablets should be discarded 1 month after opening. 4) Patches should be discarded prior to use by date. 5) Since both sexes can be prescribed ED medications all patients should be asked if and when the last had the drug. 6) Tadalafil (Cialis) may also be Rx for benign prostatic hypertrophy. This is a new indication for the drug. 7) GTN by infusion may be required for IHT as per doctors orders. 8) IHT: 5-200mcg/min increasing 3-5mcg/min at a time. 9) SL effects Onset: 30sec-2min. Peak: 5-10min. Duration: 15-30min. 10) IV effects Onset: 30sec-1min. Peak: 3-5min. Duration: 15-30min. 11) TD effects Onset: upto 30min. Peak 2hrs
D013
What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Ipatropium Bromide (1)
250mcg in 1mL nebule or polyamp.
D014
What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Ipatropium Bromide (1)
Anticholinergic bronchodilator whose actions cause bronchodilatation by inhibiting cholinergic bronchomotor tone (ie blocks vagal reflexes which mediate bronchoconstriction).
D014
How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Ipatropium Bromide (3)
Excreted by the kidneys.
D014
What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Ipatropium Bromide (1)
1) Severe respiratory distress associated with bronchospasm.
D014
What are the contradications for the following medication? Ipatropium Bromide (1)
1) Known Hypersensitivity to atropine or its derviatives.
D014
What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Ipatropium Bromide (2)
1) Glaucoma. 2) Avoid contact with eyes.
D014
By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Ipatropium Bromide (1)
1) Nebulised (In conjunction with salbutamol)
D014
What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Ipatropium Bromide (7)
1) Headache. 2) Nausea. 3) Dry mouth. 4) Skin rash. 5) Tachycardia (rare). 6) Palpitations (rare). 7) Acute angle glaucoma secondary to direct eye contact (rare).
D014
What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Ipatropium Bromide (4)
1) There have been reports of ocular complications (dilated pupils, increased intraocular pressure, acute angle glaucoma, pain) as a result of direct eye contact of Ipatropium Bromide formulations. 2) Nebuliser mask must be tightly fitted to avoid contact with eyes. 3) Ipatropium Bromide must be nebulised in conjunction with Salbutamol and is to be administered as a single dose only. 4) Neb effects Onset: 3-5min. Peak: 1.5-2hrs. Duration: 6hrs.
D014
What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Lignocaine 1% (IM) (1)
50mg in 5mL amp (1%).
D015
What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Lignocaine 1% (IM) (1)
A local anaesthetic agent whose actions prevents initiation and transmission of nerve impulses causing local anaesthesia (1% solution).
D015
How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Lignocaine 1% (IM) (2)
1) By the liver (90%). 2) Excreted unchanged in urine (10%).
D015
What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Lignocaine 1% (IM) (1)
1) Diluent for Ceftriaxone for IM administration in suspected meningococcal disease.
D015
What are the contradications for the following medication? Lignocaine 1% (IM) (1)
1) Known Hypersensitivity.
D015
What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Lignocaine 1% (IM) (1)
1) When using Lignocaine 1% as diluent for IM Ceftriaxone it is important to rule out inadvertent IV administration due to potential CNS complications.
D015
By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Lignocaine 1% (IM) (1)
1) IM (1% solution with Ceftriaxone only).
D015
What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Lignocaine 1% (IM) (1)
1) Nil of significance in the above indication (unless inadvertant IV administration).
D015
What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Lignocaine 1% (IM) (1)
1) IM effects Onset: Rapid. Peak: n/a. Duration 1-1.5hrs.
D015