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262 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
What does the following abbreviation stand for? @ |
"At" relating to time intervals between dose/action/intervention
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? AAA
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Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? ACS |
Acute Coronary Syndrome
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? ADLs
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Activities of Daily Living
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? AF
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Atrial Fibrillation
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? AIVR
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Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? ALS
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Advanced Life Support
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? AMI
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Acute Myocardial Infarction
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? AP
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Ambulance Paramedic
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? APH
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Antepartum Haemorrhage
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? APO
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Acute Pulmonary Oedema
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? ARV
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Adult Retrieval Victora
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? AV
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Ambulance Victoria
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? A-V
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Atrioventricular
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? AVRT
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Atrioventricular Re-entry Tachycardia
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? AVNRT
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Atrioventricular Nodal Re-entry Tachycardia
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? BGL
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Blood Glucose Level
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? BLS
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Basic Life Support
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? BP
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Blood Pressure
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? bpm
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Beats Per Minute
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? BVM
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Bag Valve Mask
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? C/I
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Contraindication
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? CBR
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Chemical/Biological/Radiation
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? CCF
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Congestive Cardiac Failure
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? C.O.
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Cardiac Output (L/min)
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? CCO
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Casualty Collecting Officer
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? COPD
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? CPAP
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Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? CPG
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Clinical Practice Guidelines
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? D5W
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5% Dextrose
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? DCCS
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Direct Current Counter Shock
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? DCR
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Direct Current Reversion
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? DKA
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Diabetic Ketoacidosis
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? DTM
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Duty Team Manager
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? dpm
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Drops Per Minute
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? ECC
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External Cardiac Compression
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? ECG
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Echocardiogram
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? EtCO2
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End Tidal Carbon Dioxide
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? ETT
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Endotracheal Tube
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? FG
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French Gauge
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? FHR
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Foetal Heart Rate
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? g
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Gram/s
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? GCS
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Glasgow Coma Score
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? GIT
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Gastrointestinal Tract
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? GR
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Grade
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? GTN
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Glyceryl Trinitrate
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? Hr
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Hour
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? HR
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Heart Rate
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? Hx
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History
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? ICP
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Intracranial Pressure
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? IFS
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Intubation Facilitated by Sedation
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? IM
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Intramuscular
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? IN
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Intranasal
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? I/O
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Intraosseous
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? IPPV
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Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? IU
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International Unit
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? IV
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Intravenous
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? J
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Joules
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? KED
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Kendrick Extrication Device
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? Kg
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Kilogram/s
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? LMA
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Laryngeal Mask Airway
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? Lpm
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Litres Per Minute
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? LVF
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Left Ventricular Failure
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? max.
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Maximum
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? MCA
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Motor Car Accident
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? mcg
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Microgram/s
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? mg
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Milligram/s
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? MICA
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Mobile Intensive Care Ambulance
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? min.
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Minute/s
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? ml
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Millilitre/s
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? ml/hr
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Millilitres per Hour
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? mmHg
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Millimetres of Mercury (Hg)
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? mmol/l
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Millimoles per Litre
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? MOI
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Mechanism of Injury
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? MP
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MICA Paramedic
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? MTS
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Major Trauma Service
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? MV
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Minute Ventilation
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? Mx
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Management
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? NB
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Note well
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? NEPT
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Non Emergency Patient Transport
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? NETS
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Newborn Emergency Transport Service
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? NG
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Nasogastric
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? NPA
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Nasopharyngeal Airway
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? NSTEMI
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Non ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? O2
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Oxygen
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? OD
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Overdose
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? ODD
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Oesophageal Detector Device
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? OG
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Orogastric
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? OPA
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Oropharyngeal Airway
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? PCI
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Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? PCR
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Patient Care Record
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? PEA
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Pulseless Electrical Activity
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? PEEP
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Positive End-Expiratory Pressure
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? PETS
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Paediatric Emergency Transport Service
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? PHx
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Past History
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? PIP
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Peak Inspiratory Pressure
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? pMDI
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Pressurised Metered Dose Inhaler
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? PSA
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Perfusion Status Assessment
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? PPE
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Personal Protective Equipment
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? PSV
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Pressure Support Ventilation
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? Pt
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Patient
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? PV
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Per Vagina
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? QAP
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Qualified Ambulance Paramedic
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? QRS
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QRS complex of ECG
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? R&R
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Rest & Reassurance
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? ROSC
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Return of Spontaneous Circulation
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? RSA
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Respiratory Status Assessment
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? RSI
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Rapid Sequence Induction
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? RTA
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Road Traffic Accident
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? R/V
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Rendezvous
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? Rx
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Treatment
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? SAH
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Sub Arachnoid Haemorrhage
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? S Rural
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Selected AV Rural Aps Permitted to perform skill
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? SCI
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Spinal Cord Injury
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? sec.
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second/s
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? SIMV
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Synchronous Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? S/L
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Sublingual
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? SOB
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Short of Breath
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? SpO2
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Saturation of haemoglobin with O2 Measured by Pulse Oximetry
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? SV
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Stroke Volume
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? SVT
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Supraventricular Tachycardia
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? STEMI
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ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? TBI
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Traumatic Brain Injury
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? TCA
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Tricyclic Antidepressant
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? TCO
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Transport Collecting Officer
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? TKVO
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To Keep Vein Open
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? TPT
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Tension Pneumothorax
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? Tx
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Transport
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? UA
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Unstable Angina
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? VF
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Ventricular Fibrillation
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? Vol
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Volume
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? VSS
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Vital Signs Survey
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? Vt
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Tidal Volume
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? VT
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Ventricular Tachycardia
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? Wt
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Weight (Kg)
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ABBREV
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What does the following abbreviation stand for? x/60
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x minutes
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ABBREV
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What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) (2)
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300mg chewable tablets 300mg soluble or water dispersible tablets
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D001
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What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)
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An analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory & antiplatelet aggregation agent. Actions: - Reduces platelet aggregation - Inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins - anti-inflammatory actions
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D001
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How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)
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Converted to salicylate in the gut mucosa and liver, exceted mainly by kidneys
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D001
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What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)
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To minimise plateletaggregation and thrombus formation in order to retard the progression of coronary artery thrombosis in acute conronary syndrome
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D001
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What are the contradications for the following medication? Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) (5)
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1 Hypersensitivity to Aspirin/Salicylates 2 Actively bleeding peptic ulcers 3 Bleeding disorders 4 Suspected dissecting aortic aneurysm 5 Chest pain associated with psychostimulant overdose BP >160
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D001
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What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) (3)
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1 Peptic Uclers 2 Asthma 3 Pt's on anti-coagulants, eg Warfarin
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D001
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By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) (1)
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1 Oral
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D001
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What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) (3)
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1 Heartburn, nausea, GIT Bleeding 2 Hypersensitivity reactions 3 Increased bleeding times
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D001
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What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin) (3)
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1 Aspirin is C/I for use in acute febrile illness in children and adolescents 2 The anti platelet effects of Aspirin last for the life of the platelet 3 Duration: 8-10 Days
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D001
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What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Adrenaline (2)
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1mg in 1ml ampoule (1:1000) 1mg in 10ml ampoule (1:10,000)
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D002
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What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Adrenaline
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A naturally occuring Aplha & Beta-adrenergic stimulant Actions: - Increases HR by increasing SA node firing rate (Beta 1) - Increases conduction velocity through the AV node (Beta 1) - Increases myocardial contractility (Beta 1) - Increases the irritibility of the ventricles (Beta 1) - Causes bronchodiliatation (Beta 2) - Causes peripheral vasoconstriction (Alpha)
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D002
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How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Adrenaline
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By monoamine oxidase and other enzymes in blood, liver and around nerve endings and excreted by the kidneys
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D002
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What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Adrenaline (10)
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1 Persistant VT or unconscious pulseless VT 2 Asystole 3 Electro-mechanical dissociation/PEA 4 Inadequate perfusion (Cardiogenic) 5 Inadequate perfusion (Non Cardiogenic - Non Hypovolaemic) 6 Anaphylactic reactions 7 Severe Asthma 8 Unconscious asthma with no recordable BP 9 Croup or suspected croup 10 Bradycardia with poor perfusion
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D002
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What are the contradications for the following medication? Adrenaline (1)
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1 Hypovolaemic shock without adequate fluid replacement
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D002
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What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Adrenaline (4)
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1 Elderly Pts 2 Pts with cardiovascular disease 3 Pts on monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors 4 Pts on Beta blockers as higher dose may be required
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D002
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By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Adrenaline (6)
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1 Intravenous 2 Intramuscular 3 Endotracheal 4 Nebuliser 5 Intravenous infusion 6 Intraosseous
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D002
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What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Adrenaline (7)
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1 Sinus tachycardia 2 Supraventricular arrhythmias 3 Ventricular arrhythmias 4 Hypertension 5 Pupillary dilatation 6 May increase size of myocardial infarction 7 Feeling of "anxiety/palpitations" in the conscious Pt
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D002
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What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Adrenaline (3)
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1 Intravenous Adrenaline should be reserved for life threatening situations 2 IV effects Onset: 30 sec. Peak: 3-5 mins. Duration: 5-10 mins. 3 IM effects Onset: 30-90 sec. Peak: 4-10 mins. Duration: 5-10 mins.
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D002
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What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Amiodarone (1)
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150mg in 3ml ampoule
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D003
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What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Amiodarone
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A class III anti-arrhythmic agent
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D003
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How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Amiodarone
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By the liver
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D003
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What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Amiodarone ()
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1 VF/Pulseless VT refractory to cardioversion 2 Sustained or recurrent VT
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D003
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What are the contradications for the following medication? Amiodarone (4)
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VF/Pulseless VT refractory to cardioversion 1 Nil of significance Ventricular Tachycardia 2 Inadequate perfusion and deteriorating rapidly 3 Pregnancy 4 Tricyclic antidepressant medication overdose
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D003
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What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Amiodarone (1)
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1 Following Fentanyl administration
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D003
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By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Amiodarone (1)
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1 Intravenous
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D003
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What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Amiodarone (2)
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1 Hypotension 2 Bradycardia
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D003
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What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Amiodarone (3)
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1 IV bolus effects Onset: 2 mins. Peak: 20 mins. Duration: 120 mins. 2 Amiodarone is incompatible with saline. Glucose 5% must be used as dilutant when administered to the conscious Pt. 3 An IV infusion of Amiodarone may be required during IHT. This will be prescribed by the referring physician and will normally be at a rate of 15mg/kg/day min.
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D003
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What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Atropine (2)
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0.6mg in 1ml ampoule 1.2mg in 1ml ampoule
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D004
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What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Atropine
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An anticholinergic agent Actions: - inhibits the actions of acetylcholine on post-ganglionic nerves at the neuro-effector site, eg as a vagal blocker and allows sympathetic effect to: - Increase pulse rate by increasing SA node firing rate - Increase the conduction velocity through the AV node - Antidote to reverse the effects of cholinesterase inhibitors, eg organophosphate insecticides, at the post-ganglionic neuro-effctor sites of cholinergic nerves, ie reduces the excessive salivary, sweat, GIT, and bronchial secretions, and relaxes smooth muscles.
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D004
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How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Atropine
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By the liver and excreted mainly by the kidneys
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D004
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What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Atropine (2)
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1 Bradycardia with poor perfusion 2 Organophosphate poisoning with excessive cholinergic effects
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D004
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What are the contradications for the following medication? Atropine ()
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Nil of significance in the above indications
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D004
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What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Atropine (4)
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1 Atrial flutter 2 Atrial fibrillation 3 Do not increase HR >100, except in children <6 years 4 Glaucoma
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D004
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By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Atropine (2)
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1 Intravenous 2 Endotracheal
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D004
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What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Atropine (8)
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1 Tachycardia 2 Palpitations 3 Dry mouth 4 Dilated pupils 5 Visual blurring 6 Retension of urine 7 Confusion, restlessness (in large doses) 8 Hot, dry skin (in large doses)
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D004
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What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Atropine (1)
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IV effects Onset: <2 mins. Peak: <5 mins. Duration: 2-6 hrs.
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D004
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What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Ceftriaxone (1)
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1g sterile powder in vial
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D005
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What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Ceftriaxone
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Cephalosporin Antibiotic
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D005
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How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Ceftriaxone
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Excreted unchanged in urine (33%-67%) and in bile
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D005
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What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Ceftriaxone (2)
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1 Suspected meningococcal Septicaemia 2 Severe Sepsis (Consult only)
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D005
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What are the contradications for the following medication? Ceftriaxone (1)
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1 Allergy to Cephalosporin Antibiotics
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D005
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What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Ceftriaxone (1)
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1 Allergy to Penicillin Antibiotics
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D005
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By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Ceftriaxone (2)
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1 Intravenous (preferred) 2 Intramuscular (if IV access unobtainable)
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D005
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What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Ceftriaxone (2)
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1 Nausea & vomiting 2 Skin rash
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D005
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What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Ceftriaxone (3)
|
1 Usual dose: Adult 1g, Child 50mg/Kg (max 1g) 2 Ceftriaxone IV must be made up to 10ml using sterile water and administered over 2mins. 3 Ceftrixaone IM must be made up to 4ml using 1% Lignocaine and dose administered in lateral upper thigh.
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D005
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What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Dexamethasone (1)
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8mg in 2ml in glass vial
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D007
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What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Dexamethasone
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A corticosteroid secreted by the adrenal cortex Actions: - Relieves inflammatory reactions - Provides immunosuppression
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D007
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How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Dexamethasone
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By the liver and other tissues; excreted predominantly by the kidneys.
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D007
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What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Dexamethasone (3)
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1 Bronchospasm associated with acute respiratory distress not responsive to nebulised salbutamol. 2 Anaphylaxis. 3 Acute exacerbation of COPD.
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D007
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What are the contradications for the following medication? Dexamethasone (1)
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1 Known Hypersensitivity
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D007
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What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Dexamethasone (1)
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1 Solutions which are not clear or are contaminated should be discarded
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D007
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By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Dexamethasone (2)
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1. Intravenous 2. Intramuscular
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D007
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What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Dexamethasone (1)
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Nil of significance in the above indications
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D007
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What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Dexamethasone (2)
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1. Does not vontain an antimicrobial agent, therefore use solution immediately and discard any residue. 2 IV effects Onset: 30-60 mins. Peak: 2 hrs. Duration: 36-72 hrs.
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D007
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What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Dextrose 5% (1)
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100ml infusion soft pack
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D008
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What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Dextrose 5%
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An isotonic crystalloid solution Composition: - Sugar - 5% dextrose - Water Actions: - Provides a small source of energy - Supplies body water
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D008
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How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Dextrose 5%
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Dextrose: - Broken down in most tissues - Stored in the liver and muscle as glycogen Water: - Excreted by the kidneys - Distributed throughout total body water, mainly in the extracellualr fluid compartment
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D008
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What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Dextrose 5% (1)
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1 Vehicle for dilution and administration of IV emergency drugs
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D008
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What are the contradications for the following medication? Dextrose 5% (1)
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1 Nil of significance in the above indication
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D008
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What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Dextrose 5% (1)
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1 Nil of significance in the above indication
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D008
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By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Dextrose 5% (1)
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1 Intravenous Infusion
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D008
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What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Dextrose 5% (1)
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1 Nil of significance in the above indication
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D008
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What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Dextrose 5% (1)
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1 IV effects Duration: ~20-40 mins.
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D008
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What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Dextrose 10% ()
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25g in 250 ml infusion soft pack
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D009
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What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Dextrose 10%
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A slightly hypertonic crystalloid solution Composition: - Sugar - 10% dextrose - Water Actions: - Provides a small source of energy - Supplies body water
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D009
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How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Dextrose 10%
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Dextrose: - Broken down in most tissues - Stored in the liver and muscle as glycogen Water: - Excreted by the kidneys - Distributed throughout total body water, mainly in the extracellualr fluid compartment
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D009
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What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Dextrose 10% (1)
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1 Diabetic hypoglycaemia (BGL <4 mmol/L) in Pts with an altered conscious state who are unable to self adminster oral glucose
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D009
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What are the contradications for the following medication? Dextrose 10% (1)
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1 Nil of significance in the above indication
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D009
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What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Dextrose 10% (1)
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1 Nil of significance in the above indication
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D009
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By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Dextrose 10% (1)
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1 Intravenous
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D009
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What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Dextrose 10% (1)
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1 Nil of significance in the above indication
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D009
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What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Dextrose 10% (1)
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1 IV effects Onset: 3 mins. Peak: n/a. Duration: Depends on severity of hypoglycaemic episode.
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D009
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What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Fentanyl (2)
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100 mcg in 2ml glass ampoule 600 mcg in 2ml glass vial (IN use only)
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D010
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What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Fentanyl
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A synthetic opioid analgesic Actions: CNS effects: - Depression- Leading to analgesia - Respiratory depression- Leading to apnoea - Dependance (addiction) Cardiovascular effects: - Decrease conduction velocity through the AV node
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D010
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How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Fentanyl
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By the liver; excreted by the kidneys
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D010
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What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Fentanyl (4)
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1 Sedation to facilitate intubation 2 Sedation to maintain intubation 3 Drug facilitated intubation 4 Analgesia - IV/IN
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D010
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What are the contradications for the following medication? Fentanyl (2)
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1 Known Hypersensitivity 2 IV Amiodarone
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D010
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What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Fentanyl (8)
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1 Elderly Pts 2 Impaired renal/hepatic function 3 Respiratory depression eg COPD 4 Current Asthma 5 Pts on monoamine oxidase inhibitors 6 Known addiction to opioids 7 Rhinitis, Rhinorrhea or facialtrauma (IN route) 8 Oral Amiodarone
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D010
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By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Fentanyl (2)
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1 Intravenous 2 Intranasal
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D010
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What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Fentanyl (3)
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1 Respiratory depression 2 Apnoea 3 Rigidity of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles
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D010
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What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Fentanyl (5)
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1 Fentanyl is a schedule 8 drug under the Poisons Act and its use must be carefully controlled with accountability and responsibility 2 Respiratory depression can be reversed with naloxone 3 100mcg Fentanyl is equivilent in analgesic activity to 10mg Morphine 4 IV effects Onset: immediate. Peak: <5 mins. Duration: 30-60 mins. 5 IN effects Peak: 2 mins.
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D010
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What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Frusemide
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40mg in 4mL glass ampoule
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D011
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What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Frusemide (2)
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1) A diuretic whose actions cause venous dilatation and reduces venous return. 2) Promotes diuresis.
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D011
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How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Frusemide
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Excreted by the kidneys.
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D011
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What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Frusemide (1)
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Acute LVF.
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D011
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What are the contradications for the following medication? Frusemide (1)
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1) Nil of significance in the above indication.
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D011
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What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Frusemide (1)
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1) Hypotension.
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D011
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By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Frusemide (1)
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1) IV.
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D011
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What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Frusemide (1)
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1) Hypotension.
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D011
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What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Frusemide (2)
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1) The effects of vasopressor drugs will often be reduced after Rx with Frusemide. 2) IV effects onset: 5mins Peak: 20-60mins Duration: 2-3hrs.
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D011
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What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Glucagon (1)
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1mg (IU) in 1mL hypokit
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D012
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What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Glucagon (1)
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Glucagon is a hormone normally secreted by the pancreas whose actions result in and increase in blood glucose concentration by converting stored liver glycogen to glucose.
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D012
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How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Glucagon (3)
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Mainly by the liver, also by the kidneys and in plasma.
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D012
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What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Glucagon (1)
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1) Diabetic hypoglycaemia (BGL <4mmol/L) in patients with an altered conscious state who are unable to self administer oral glucose.
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D012
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What are the contradications for the following medication? Glucagon (1)
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1) Nil of significance in the above indication.
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D012
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What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Glucagon (1)
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1) Nil of significance in the above indication.
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D012
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By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Glucagon (1)
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1) IM
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D012
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What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Glucagon (1)
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1) Nausea & vomiting (rare).
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D012
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What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Glucagon (2)
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1) Not all patients will respond to Gluagon, eg those with inadequate glycogen stores in the liver (alcoholics, malnourished). 2) IM effects Onset: 5mins Peak: n/a Duration: 25mins.
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D012
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What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) (2)
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1) 600mcg tablets. 2) Transdermal patches 50mg 400mcg/hr release. 3) 400mcg SL spray.
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D012
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What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) (7)
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Principally a vascular smooth muscle relaxant whose actions 1) Cause venous dilatation promoting venous pooling and reducing venous return to the heart (reduces preload). 2) Cause arterial dilatation reducing systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure (reduces afterload). The effects of the above are: 3) Reduced myocardial O2 demand. 4) Reduced SYS, DIA, & MAP whilst usually maintaining coronary perfusion pressure. 5) Mild collateral coronary arterial dilatation may improve blood supply to ischaemic areas of myocardium. 6) Mild tachycardia secondary to slight fall in BP. 7) preterm labour: Uterine quiescence in pregnancy.
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D013
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How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) (1)
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By the liver.
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D013
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What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) (5)
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1) Chest pain with ACS. 2) Acute LVF. 3) Hypertension associated with ACS. 4) Autonomic dysreflexia. 5) Preterm labour (consult).
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D013
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What are the contradications for the following medication? Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) (9)
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1) Known Hypersensitivity. 2) SYS BP < 110mmHg (tablet). 3) SYS BP < 90mmHg (patch). 4) Sildenafil (Viagra) or Vardenafil (Levitra) administration in the previous 24hrs or Tadalafil (Cialis) administration in the previous 5 days (PDE5 inhibitors). 5) HR > 150bpm. 6) Brady HR < 50bpm (excluding Autonomic Dysreflexia). 7) VT. 8)Inferior STEMI with SYS BP < 160mmHg. 9) Right ventricular MI.
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D013
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What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) (4)
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1) No previous administration. 2) Elderly Patients. 3) Recent MI. 4) Concurrent use with other tocolytics.
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D013
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By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) (4)
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1) SL. 2) Buccal. 3) Transdermal. 4) Infusion (IHT only).
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D013
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What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) (5)
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1) Tachycardia. 2)Hypotension. 3)Headache. 4) Skin flushing (uncommon). 5) Bradycardia (occasionally).
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D013
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What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN) (11)
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1)GTN is susceptible to heat & moisture. 2) Do not use patient medication as quality cannot be verified. 3) Tablets should be discarded 1 month after opening. 4) Patches should be discarded prior to use by date. 5) Since both sexes can be prescribed ED medications all patients should be asked if and when the last had the drug. 6) Tadalafil (Cialis) may also be Rx for benign prostatic hypertrophy. This is a new indication for the drug. 7) GTN by infusion may be required for IHT as per doctors orders. 8) IHT: 5-200mcg/min increasing 3-5mcg/min at a time. 9) SL effects Onset: 30sec-2min. Peak: 5-10min. Duration: 15-30min. 10) IV effects Onset: 30sec-1min. Peak: 3-5min. Duration: 15-30min. 11) TD effects Onset: upto 30min. Peak 2hrs
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D013
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What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Ipatropium Bromide (1)
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250mcg in 1mL nebule or polyamp.
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D014
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What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Ipatropium Bromide (1)
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Anticholinergic bronchodilator whose actions cause bronchodilatation by inhibiting cholinergic bronchomotor tone (ie blocks vagal reflexes which mediate bronchoconstriction).
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D014
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How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Ipatropium Bromide (3)
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Excreted by the kidneys.
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D014
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What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Ipatropium Bromide (1)
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1) Severe respiratory distress associated with bronchospasm.
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D014
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What are the contradications for the following medication? Ipatropium Bromide (1)
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1) Known Hypersensitivity to atropine or its derviatives.
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D014
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What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Ipatropium Bromide (2)
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1) Glaucoma. 2) Avoid contact with eyes.
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D014
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By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Ipatropium Bromide (1)
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1) Nebulised (In conjunction with salbutamol)
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D014
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What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Ipatropium Bromide (7)
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1) Headache. 2) Nausea. 3) Dry mouth. 4) Skin rash. 5) Tachycardia (rare). 6) Palpitations (rare). 7) Acute angle glaucoma secondary to direct eye contact (rare).
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D014
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What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Ipatropium Bromide (4)
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1) There have been reports of ocular complications (dilated pupils, increased intraocular pressure, acute angle glaucoma, pain) as a result of direct eye contact of Ipatropium Bromide formulations. 2) Nebuliser mask must be tightly fitted to avoid contact with eyes. 3) Ipatropium Bromide must be nebulised in conjunction with Salbutamol and is to be administered as a single dose only. 4) Neb effects Onset: 3-5min. Peak: 1.5-2hrs. Duration: 6hrs.
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D014
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What is the standard presentation of the following medication? Lignocaine 1% (IM) (1)
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50mg in 5mL amp (1%).
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D015
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What is the Pharmacology of the following medication? Lignocaine 1% (IM) (1)
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A local anaesthetic agent whose actions prevents initiation and transmission of nerve impulses causing local anaesthesia (1% solution).
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D015
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How is the following medication metabolised by the body? Lignocaine 1% (IM) (2)
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1) By the liver (90%). 2) Excreted unchanged in urine (10%).
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D015
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What is the primary emergency indication/s for the following medication? Lignocaine 1% (IM) (1)
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1) Diluent for Ceftriaxone for IM administration in suspected meningococcal disease.
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D015
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What are the contradications for the following medication? Lignocaine 1% (IM) (1)
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1) Known Hypersensitivity.
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D015
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What precautions should be considered prior to the administration of the following medication? Lignocaine 1% (IM) (1)
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1) When using Lignocaine 1% as diluent for IM Ceftriaxone it is important to rule out inadvertent IV administration due to potential CNS complications.
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D015
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By what route/s of administration can the following medication be administered? Lignocaine 1% (IM) (1)
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1) IM (1% solution with Ceftriaxone only).
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D015
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What side effects may result from the administration of the following medication? Lignocaine 1% (IM) (1)
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1) Nil of significance in the above indication (unless inadvertant IV administration).
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D015
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What are the special notes listed for the following medication? Lignocaine 1% (IM) (1)
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1) IM effects Onset: Rapid. Peak: n/a. Duration 1-1.5hrs.
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D015
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