Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Pilocarpine
|
Mechanism = generalized muscarinic agonist (parasympathetic)
Effect = oculur (pupillary constriction) Clinical Use = Glaucoma |
|
|
Metoclopramide
|
Mechanism = enhance cholinergic effects (parasympathetic) and dopamine receptor antagonist
Effect = increse gastric emptying, anti-emetic Clinical Use = first line in gastroparesis (delayed gastric emptying) and anti-emetic (anti nausea) agent |
|
|
Atropine
|
Mechanism = competitive antagoinst of Ach at most muscarinic receptors (parasympathetic)
Effect = dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, dry skin, flush, bronchodilation, mydriasis (pupil dilation) tachycardia, delirium (mad as a hatter, red as a beat, dry as a bone) Clinical Use = stop asystole, diarrhea, antidote to acetyltrasferase toxins, pupil dilation |
|
|
Scopaline
|
mechanism = muscarinic antagonist (parasympathetic)
Clinical Use = Motion sickness |
|
|
Ipratropium Bromide
|
Mechanism = muscarinic antagonist (parasympathetic)
Effect = bronchodilator Clinical Use = treat asthma or COPD |
|
|
Neostigmine
|
Mechanism = acetylcholinesterase inhibitor via reversible covalent modificaiton causing enzyme to get "stuck" (paraysmpathetic)
|
|
|
Sarin
|
Mechanism = irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (parasympathetic); causes enzyme to 'get stuck' then leads to loss of carbon attachment ('aging') resulting in irreversible shut-off of acetyltransferase
|
|
|
Pralidoxine
|
Mechanism = rescue to acetylcholinesterase via nucleophilic attack of 'stuck' enzyme; only works before 'aging' (parasympathetic)
Clinical Use = treatment of sarin or neostigmine poisoning |
|
|
Phenoxybenzamine
|
Mechanism = antagonist for alpha 1 and 2 receptors (sympathetic)
Clinical Use = treatment of pheochromatcytoma (adrenal tumor) |
|
|
Phenylephrine
|
Mechanism = selective alpha-1 receptor agonist (sympathetic)
Clinical Use = treat hypotension, induce vasoconstriction, and treat nasal decongestion |
|
|
Prazosin
|
Mechanism = selective alpha-1 receptor antagonist (sympathetic)
Clinical Use = treat high blood pressure and enhance urine flow in benign prostate hyperplasia by blocking smooth muscle constriction |
|
|
Clonidine
|
Mechanism = alpha-2 receptor selective agonist (sympathetic)
Effect = decreases NE release pre-synaptically; centrall reduces blood pressure Clinical Uses = reduce blood pressure, treat withdrawal |
|
|
Isoproterenol
|
Mechanism = non-selective beta 1/2 receptor agonist (sympathetic)
Effect = stimulates cardiac output, dilates bronchial smooth muscle |
|
|
Propranolol
|
Mechanism = non=selective beta 1 and 2 receptor antagonist (sympathetic)
Clinical Uses = treat hypertension, angina, anxiety, vasovagal syncope (benign fainting), and arrhythmias |
|
|
Dobutamine
|
Mechanism = beta-1 receptor selective agonist (symp)
Effect = increase cardiac rate and cardiac contraction Clinical Use = given via IV drip for cardiomyoathy with congestive heart failure |
|
|
Metoprolol
|
Mechanism = selective beta-1 antagonist (symp)
Effect = reduce cardiac output Clinical Uses = treat hypertension and angina |
|
|
Albuterol
|
Mechanism = selective beta-2 agonist (symp)
Effect = dilate bronchial smooth muscle and uterine smooth muscle (some cardiac side effects) Clinical Uses = treat asthma and stop premature labor; can promote glycogenolysis in liver (promblem in diabetics) |
|
|
Epinephrine
|
Mechanism = mostly non-selective beta agonist (also small alpha); sympathetic
Effect = increase cardiac output and systolic arterial pressure; large metabolic effect (increase O2 consumption and blood glucose) Clinical Uses = stop anaphylactic response |
|
|
Norepinephine
|
Mechanism = mostly alpha agonist (symp)
Effect = increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure with less effect on cardiac output and metabolism Clinical Uses = hypotensive shock |
|
|
Dopamine
|
Mechanism = dopamine and alpha/beta receptor agonists (sympthetic)
Effect = at low doses acts on D1 receptors (renal failure) and at high/medium doses acts on alpha/beta receptors Clinical Uses = high doses used as first pressor in shock |
