Autonomic Ns

Front 1

1. Compare & contrast sympathetic, parasympathetic system. Include the following pts of comparison:

Back 1

Sympathetic-- increases alertness, HR, BP, pulmonary air flow, blood glucose concentration, & blood flow to muscles, while reducing blood flow to the skin & digest tract. Parasympathetic- has a calming effect; reduced energy expend & normal bodily maintenance (“resting & digesting”).

Front 2

Sympathetic

Back 2

origin in CNS--- Thoracolumbar
Fiber lengths preganglionic--short
fiber lengths postganglionic-long
pregang/Neurotransmitter-cholinergic
postgang/mostly adrenergic, few cholinergic

Front 3

parasympathetic

Back 3

origin in CNS--- craniosacral
Fiber lengths preganglionic--long
fiber lengths postganglionic-short
pregang/Neurotransmitter-always cholinergic
postgang/always cholinergic

Front 4

Sympathetic -location of ganglia

Back 4

paravertebral ganglia adjacent to spinal column & prevertebral ganglia anterior to it

Front 5

Parasympathetic-location of ganglia

Back 5

terminal ganglia near or within target organs

Front 6

2. What is a splanchnic nerve?

Back 6

In the splanchnic nerve route, some fibers that arise from spinal nerves T5 to T12 pass through the ganglia without synapsing and continue as splanchnic nerves that lead to a second set of ganglia called collateral (prevertebral ganglia) where they synapse with the postganglionics.

Front 7

3. Define dual innervation. Pick an organ that is dually innervated & tell what would happen in that organ under ea type of innervation?

Back 7

Most viscera have dual innervation, that is, they receive nerve fibers from both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions; these divisions may have either antagonistic or cooperative effects on a single organ. Antagonistic effects oppose each other; for example, the sympathetic division speeds up the heart and the parasympathetic division slows it down.
a. In some cases, these effects are due to dual innervation on the same effector cells, as in the heart.

Front 8

4. The enteric nervous system controls which body system?

Back 8

The digestive tract has a nervous system of its own, the enteric nervous system.

Front 9

5. Which neurotransmitters can bind to cholinergic receptors?

Back 9

a. Any nerve fiber that secretes ACh is called a cholinergic fiber, and any receptor that binds it is called a cholinergic receptor.
b. The two categories of cholinergic receptors are muscarinic receptors and nicotinic receptors.

Front 10

6. Which neurotransmitters can bind to adrenergic receptors?

Back 10

Nerve fibers that secrete NE are called adrenergic fibers, and the receptors are adrenergic receptors.
b. The two categories of adrenergic receptors are α-adrenergic receptors and β-adrenergic receptors.