Autonomic Nervous System Meds

Front 1

Autonomic nervous system?

Back 1

Controls involuntary actions.

Front 2

Neuron?

Back 2

Nerve cell.

Front 3

Autonomic ganglia?

Back 3

Groups of autonomic neurons located outside the CNS.

Front 4

Pre-ganglionic nerves?

Back 4

Nerve fibers that extend from the CNS to the autonomic ganglia.

Front 5

Post-ganglionic nerves?

Back 5

Nerve fibers that extend from the autonomic ganglia to the target tissues.

Front 6

Synapse?

Back 6

Space between nerve cells.

Front 7

Neurotransmitter?

Back 7

Chemical messenger that conducts a nervous impulse across a synapse.

Front 8

The ANS is responsible all or in part for regulating the following functions...

Back 8

Respiration.
Circulation.
Digestion.
Temperature.
Metabolism.
Sweating.
Some endocrine glands.

Front 9

The autonomic nervous system has two divisions...

Back 9

Sympathetic and parasympathetic.

Front 10

Sympathetic nervous system?

Back 10

Fight or flight!

Front 11

Parasympathetic system?

Back 11

Feed and breed.

Front 12

The effect of the sypathetic system tends to be diffuse, distributed throughout the body...

Back 12

Parasympathetic stimulation tends to be limited to specific organs.

Front 13

T or F: The sympathetic system is essential to life in a completely controlled environment.

Back 13

F: In fact, the sympathetic system is almost continuously active, making adjustments to a constantly changing environment.

Front 14

During a sympathetic response, in addition to the ganglia, there is direct stimulation of the _______________.

Back 14

Adrenal medulla.

Front 15

The adrenal medulla then releases the hormones __________ into the circulation causing an even faster and more complete response.

Back 15

NE and epi.

Front 16

What are some of the effects of a sympathetic response?

Back 16

BP increases.
HR increases.
RBCs from spleen.
Blood flow shifts to muscles.
CBG increases.
Bronchioles dilate.
Pupils dilate.

Front 17

The parasympathetic system is involved with conservation of energy and maintenance of organ function during periods of ______________.

Back 17

Minimal energy.

Front 18

What are some of the effects of a parasympathetic response?

Back 18

BP decreases.
HR decreases.
Pupils constrict.
GI activity.
Aids absorbption of nutrients.
Bronchioles contrict.

Front 19

Two neurotransmitters used in the autonomic nervous system?

Back 19

Acetylcholine (ACh).
Norepinephrine (NE).

Front 20

Cholinergic?

Back 20

Pertaining to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Front 21

Adrenergic?

Back 21

Pertaining to the neurotransmitter norepinephrine.

Front 22

Where is ACh used?

Back 22

Pre-ganglionic nerves of the sympathetic system.
Pre- and post-ganglionic nerves of the parasympathetic system.

Front 23

Where is NE used?

Back 23

Post-ganglionic nerves of the sympathetic system.

Front 24

What is cholinesterase (ChE)?

Back 24

The enzyme that degrades ACh.

Front 25

What are the two kinds of cholinergic receptors in the ANS?

Back 25

Muscarinic and nicotinic.

Front 26

Nicotinic receptors are found:

Back 26

1. All preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic and the sympathetic systems.
2. Neuromuscular junction (initiate muscle contractions as part of the somatic system).

Front 27

Muscarinic receptors:

Back 27

1. Found on all parasympathetic target organs.
2. Primarily responsible for promoting a parasympathetic response.

Front 28

Parasympathomimetic?

Back 28

Drug that causes effects like those of the parasympathetic system (also cholinergic).

Front 29

Parasypatholytic?

Back 29

Drug that blocks the actions of the parasympathetic system (also anticholinergic).

Front 30

Anticholinergics are cholinergic receptor...

Back 30

Antagonists.

Front 31

muscarinic cholinergic antagonists

Back 31

Most anticholinergics block the effect of ACh at the muscarinic receptors.

Front 32

atropine

Back 32

Competitive antagonist with ACh at the muscarinic receptors.

Front 33

therapeutic uses of atropine

Back 33

Low dose: salivary secretions decrease.
Moderate: HR increases, mydriasis.
High dose: Gastric motility decreases, stomach acid secretions decrease.

Front 34

mydriasis

Back 34

Pupil dilation.

Front 35

miosis

Back 35

Pupil constriction.

Front 36

effects of atropine OD

Back 36

Hot as hell.
Blind as a bat.
Dry as a bone.
Red as a beet.
Mad as a hatter.

Front 37

Atropine?

Back 37

Parasympatholytic.

Front 38

atrovent (ipratropium bromide)

Back 38

Synthetic anticholinergic.
Relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.
Inhaled, used in treating asthma.
Frequently given with beta agonist.

Front 39

Atrovent?

Back 39

Parasympatholytic.

Front 40

nicotinic cholinergic antagonists

Back 40

Include neuromuscular blocking agents that block nicotinic receptors at the neuromuscular junction.

Front 41

Neuromuscular blocking agents are either ____________ or _______________.

Back 41

Depolarizing, nondepolarizing.

Front 42

What is the most common depolarizing agent?

Back 42

Succinylcholine.

Front 43

Sux mechanism of action

Back 43

1. Binds to the receptor.
2. Acts like ACh but isn't degraded by ChE and remains bound.
3. This cayses depolarization (fasciculations) and then blockade.
4. Eventually degrades.

Front 44

Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents block ACh because they are competitive ___________.

Back 44

Antagonists.

Front 45

Name 2 nondepolarizing agents from your drug profiles...

Back 45

Vecuronium and rocuronium.

Front 46

Cholinergic drugs cause a parasympathetic response...

Back 46

DUMBBELS!

Front 47

DUMBBELS

Back 47

Diarrhea.
Urination.
Miosis.
Bradycardia.
Bronchorrhea.
Emesis.
Lacrimation.
Salivation.

Front 48

Some cholinergics are irreversible ______________ inhibitors at both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors.

Back 48

Cholinesterase.

Front 49

Organophosphate poisoning and nerve gas both cause extensive cholinergic stimulation leading to ________ and eventually _________.

Back 49

DUMBBELS, paralysis.

Front 50

Treatment includes very high doses of ________ and ___________________.

Back 50

Atropine, pralidoxime (2-PAM).

Front 51

Sarin?

Back 51

Parasympathomimetic.

Front 52

Nicotine?

Back 52

Parasympathomimetic and sympathomimetic.

Front 53

Sympathomimetic?

Back 53

Drug that causes effects like those of the sympathetic system.

Front 54

Sympatholytic?

Back 54

Drug that blocks the actions of the sympathetic system.

Front 55

Two known types of sympathetic receptors?

Back 55

1. Dopiminergic
2. Adrenergic

Front 56

alpha 1 receptors

Back 56

Peripheral vasoconstriction (arterioles and veins).
Mydriasis.
Ejaculation.
Mild bronchoconstriction.

Front 57

alpha 2 receptors

Back 57

Limits the adrenergic response by inhibiting release of NE at the pre-synaptic termina.

Front 58

beta 1 receptors

Back 58

Increase heart rate, contractility, automaticity, and conduction.
Renin release from the kidneys.

Front 59

beta 2 receptors

Back 59

Bronchodilation.
Dilation of the arterioles.
Inhibition of uterine contractions.

Front 60

alpha 1 agonists

Back 60

Primarily used to raise BP through peripheral vasoconstriction.
Used topically to decrease nasal congestion.

Front 61

alpha 1 agonists (examples)

Back 61

Epinephrine.
Dopamine.

Front 62

beta 1 agonists

Back 62

Primarily used for cardiac arrest.
Used for hypotension due to inadequate pumping.

Front 63

beta 1 agonists (examples)

Back 63

Epinephrine.
Dopamine.
Isoproteranol.

Front 64

beta 2 agonists

Back 64

Used to treat bronchoconstriction (asthma, COPD, anaphylaxis).
Suppress preterm labor by relaxing uterine smooth muscle.

Front 65

beta 2 agonists (examples)

Back 65

Epinephrine.
Albuterol.

Front 66

Epinephrine, dopamine, and albuterol?

Back 66

Sympathomimetics.

Front 67

alpha 1 antagonists

Back 67

Primarily used to control hypertension.
Prazosin is prototype.

Front 68

beta 1 antagonist

Back 68

Used to control hypertension.
Used for angina and MI.
Used for SVT's.
Most commonly prescribed med in the U.S.

Front 69

beta 1 antagonists (beta blockers)

Back 69

Atenolol.
Propranolol.
Metoprolol.
Etc...

Front 70

Beta blockers?

Back 70

Sympatholytics.