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49 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
An organ consisting of meyelinated and unmyelinated axons (also known as nerve fibers), blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and connective tissue sheaths.
Nerve
Each axon, or nerve fiber, and its schwann cell sheath are surrounded by a delicate connective tissue layer called
Endoneurium
A heavier connective tissue layer that surrounds groups of axons to form nerve fascicles called
Perineurium
A third layer of dense connective tissue that binds the nerve fascicles together to form a nerve.
Epineurium
Nerve that originates from a nucleus within the brain; there are 12 pairs of cranial nerves:3 sensory nerves,4 mixed nerves,5 motor nerves.
Cranial Nerves
Purely sensory nerve that provides for the sense of smell.
CN I: Olfactory Nerve
Purely sensory nerve that provides for the sense of vision.
CN II:Optic Nerve
Motor cranial nerve that innervates 4 out of 6 extraocular muscles that move the eyeball,the muscle that opens the eyelid, the muscle that constricts the pupil and the muscle that changes the shape of lens for near vision.
CN III:Oculomotor Nerve
small motor nerve that innervates one of the six extraocular muscles that move the eyeball.(the superior oblique muscle)
CN IV: Trochlear Nerve
A large mixed nerve named for its 3 branches that together provide sensory innervation to the face and motor innervation to the muscles of mastication (chewing).
CN V:Trigeminal Nerve
Small motor nerve that innervates the final extraocular muscle (the lateral rectus muscle)
CN VI: Abducens Nerve
Mixed fibers of the facial nerve that provide motor to the muscles facial expression; taste of the tongue;motor to the glands that produce tears,mucus, and saliva and sensory part of the face and mouth.
CN VII: Facial Nerve
Final sensory nerve innervates the structures of inner ear and provides for the senses of hearing and equilibrium.
CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear
small mixed nerve that provides motor fibers to the muscles of the pharynx (throat) involved in swallowing and sensory fibers to posterior one third of tongue for taste sensation.
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal Nerve
mixed nerve,only cranial nerve that wanders outside of the head and neck.In the head and neck it provides sensory fibers to the skin of the head and the pharynx, motor fibers to muscles involved in speech/swallowing, and motor fibers to certain salivary glands. Outside head/neck it innervates most of the thoracic and abdominal viscera as main nerve of parasympathetic nervous system.
CN X:Vagus Nerve
only cranial nerve that has both a cranial component originating from the brainstem and a spinal component originating from spinal cord.Its motor fibers innervate the muscles that move the head and the neck, such as the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles.
CN XI:Accessory Nerve
small motor nerve that innervates the muscles that move the tongue. note: it doesnt provide any taste sensation!
CN XII:Hypoglossal Nerve
Consists of the ventral rami of C1-C4 with a small contribution from C5.Its branches serve the skin of the head and the neck and certain neck muscles.(Major branch is phernic nerve C3-C5)
Cervical plexus
Major branch of the cervical plexus (C3-C5) which serves the diaphragm.
Phrenic nerve
Consists of the ventral rami of C5-T1) where the axillary, musculocutaneous, radial,ulnar and median nerve stem from this plexus.
Brachial Plexus
An organ consisting of meyelinated and unmyelinated axons (also known as nerve fibers), blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and connective tissue sheaths.
Nerve
Each axon, or nerve fiber, and its schwann cell sheath are surrounded by a delicate connective tissue layer called
Endoneurium
A heavier connective tissue layer that surrounds groups of axons to form nerve fascicles called
Perineurium
A third layer of dense connective tissue that binds the nerve fascicles together to form a nerve.
Epineurium
Nerve that originates from a nucleus within the brain; there are 12 pairs of cranial nerves:3 sensory nerves,4 mixed nerves,5 motor nerves.
Cranial Nerves
Purely sensory nerve that provides for the sense of smell.
CN I: Olfactory Nerve
Purely sensory nerve that provides for the sense of vision.
CN II:Optic Nerve
Motor cranial nerve that innervates 4 out of 6 extraocular muscles that move the eyeball,the muscle that opens the eyelid, the muscle that constricts the pupil and the muscle that changes the shape of lens for near vision.
CN III:Oculomotor Nerve
small motor nerve that innervates one of the six extraocular muscles that move the eyeball.(the superior oblique muscle)
CN IV: Trochlear Nerve
A large mixed nerve named for its 3 branches that together provide sensory innervation to the face and motor innervation to the muscles of mastication (chewing).
CN V:Trigeminal Nerve
Consists of the ventral rami of C1-C4 with a small contribution form C5. It branches serves the skin of the head and neck and certain neck muscles.(its major branch is the phrenic nerve C3-C5)
Cervical plexus
Major branch of the cervical plexus that serves the diaphragm ( C3 -C5)
Phrenic Nerve
Consis of ventral rami of C5-T1 and has major nerves : Axillary, Musculocutaneous, Radial, Ulnar,Median Nerve, that stem from brachial plexus.
Brachial plexus
Severs structures near the Axilla, inculding the deltoid and teres minor muscles and the skin around the region
Axillary nerve
Located in the lateral arm, and severs the anterior arm muscles ( biceps brachii) and the skin of the lateral forearm
Musculocutaneous nerve
Located in the posterior arm. Severs the posterior arm muscles and the forearm extensors as well as the skin in the lateral hand
Radial nerve
known as the "funny bone" nerve, begins posteriorly but the crosses over to the anterior side of the arm as it curves around the medial epicondyle of the humerus. It supplies certain forearm flexors, most of the intrinsic muscles of the hand, and the skin over the medial hand.
Ulnar nerve
Its travels approx.down the middle of the arm and forearm. Supplies most of the forearm flexors, certain intrinsic hand muscles and the skin over the anterior flexor retinaculum
Median nerve
Consist of the ventral rami of L1-L4 for small contributions from T12. The largest nerve is the of the plexus is the Femoral nerve.
Lumbar plexus
Provides motor innervation to most of the anterior thigh muscles and sensory innervation to the skin of the anterior and medial thigh, the leg and the foot. Smaller branch is the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.
Femoral nerve
Provides mainly sensory innervation to the anterolateral thigh.
Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Forms from ventral rami of L4- S4. Its largest nerve, and the largest nerve in the body is the sciatic nerve.
Sacral plexus
This nerve travels in the posterior thigh,where it splits into two branches: tibial nerve, and the common peroneal (fibular) nerve
Sciatic nerve
Provides motor innervation to the posterior muscles of the thigh, posterior leg, and foot, and sensory innervation to the posterior leg and foot.
Tibial nerve
Provides motor and sensory innervation to the anterolateral leg and the foot.
Common peroneal (fibular) nerve
A smaller branch of the sacral plexus, which innervates the muscles of the pelvic floor and anogenital sphincters.
Pudendal nerve
Largely involuntary branch of the peripheral nervous system charged with maintaining homeostasis in the face of changing conditions
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
There cell bodies of the neurons are located in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord. There function is " fight or flight" response in which the body prepare to respond to an emergency situation. It is one of the branches of the Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic Nervous system (SNS)
The second branch of the autonomic nervous system where the function is "at rest" response
Parasympathetic Nervous system (PNS)