Autonomic Nervous System

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Autonomic Nervous System

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Motor nervous system controls glands, cardiac, and smooth muscle

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ANS Does what

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regulates unconscious processes that maintain homostasus
-BP, Body Temp, respirtory air flow,
-Actions are automatic

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___ cells form in the ___

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Postsynaptic - Peripheral Ganglion

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In autonomic pathways

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there are always 2 neurons

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Presynaptic cell bodies are in the

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CNS

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reflex

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quick, involuntary, stereotyped response to a stimulus

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VR to high BP

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high blood pressure detected by arterial stretch receptors afferent neurons carries signals to cns, then efferent signal travels to the heart and the heart slows down, reducing bp

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Visceral Reflex

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unconscious, automatic responses to stimulation of glands, cardiac or smooth muscle

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How VS works

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1.receptors detect internal stimuli
i.e strech , blood chemicals, ect
2. afferent neurons connect to interneurons in the cns
3. efferent neurons carry motor signals to effector (ANS is the efferent neurons of these reflex arcs)
4. effectors- glands, smooth or cardiac muscle.

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To lower high bp

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Dilate blood vessels, or pee

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Division of ANS

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Sympathetic division
parasympathetic divison

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1. SYmpathetic Division

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-prepares body for physical activity
- increases heart rate, bp, air flow, blood glucose levels, etc
*Fight or Flight*

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Sympathetic Nervous System

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1) enters from thorasic and lumbar region of spinal cord(T1-L2)
2)short preganglionic fibers
3)long postganglionic fibers

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postsynapses form in...

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sympathetic chain ganglia

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SNS SPECIAL CASE

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innervation of andrenal gland
- presynaptic carries signals from spinal cord all the way to adrenal gland.

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2. Parasympathetic Division

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Calms many body functions, and assists in bodily maintenance.
- digestion and waste elimination
*Feed or Breed*

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ganglion

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cluster of cell bodies in the PNS

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Parasympathetic division stats

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1.arises from the brain and sacral regions of the spinal cord(s2-s4)
2. long preganglionic fibers
3. short postganglionic fibers

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FACT of adrenal gland

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doesnt recieve parasympathetic innervation

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skin and adrenal glands only recieve

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sympathetic innervation

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effectors of ANS

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are determined by types of neurotransmitters released and types of receptors on target cells.

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sympathetic fibers

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pre- always cholinergic
post- mostly edrenergic, few cholinergic

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Parasympathetic Fibers

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pre- always cholinergic
post- always cholinergic

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ANS transmitters

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Cholinergic and adrenergic

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ACh to nicotinic receptor

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-post synaptic neurons in all ANS ganglion
- Adrenal medulla
-always excitatory

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ACh to Muscarinic Receptor

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-all gland, smooth, and cardiac muscle cells that recieve cholinergic innervation
-excitatory or inhibitory

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Nicotinic responds to

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ACh , but also nicotine

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muscarinic responds to

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ACh, but also muscotin

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Muscarine ACh receptor

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is a protein cascade
- once ACh binds to it, it will change shape causing, G protein to change shape, etc.

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Nicotinic ACh receptors

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binds and opens channels