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76 Cards in this Set

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Botox
neuromuscular blocker

Inhibits calcium dependent ACh release from presynaptic neuron
crossed eye, vocal cord spasms, facial movements, eyebrow furrows
Tacrine
cholinomimetic

inhibits Acetylcholine esterase
Alzheimer's
Donepezil
cholinomimetic

inhibits acetylcholine esterase
Alzheimer's
degeneration of cholinergic neurons
Rivastigmine
cholinomimetic

inhibits acetylcholine esterase
Alzheimer's
degeneration of cholinergic neurons
Galantamine
cholinomimetic

inhibits acetylcholine esterase
Alzheimer's
degeneration of cholinergic neurons
Edrophonium
cholinomimetic

inhibits acetylcholine esterase
Myasthenia Gravis

antibodies block and destroy nicotinic receptor preventing muscle contraction
Pyridostigmine
cholinomimetic

inhibits acetylcholine esterase
Myasthenia Gravis

antibodies block and destroy nicotinic receptor preventing muscle contraction
Chantix
smoking cessation aid

Partial agonist at CNS nicotinic alpha4 beta2 receptors
Nicotine addiction
consistent Nicotinic receptor activation
succinylcholine
depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

activates nicotinic receptor, depolarizing membrane and keeping it that way
short-term muscle paralysis (breathing tube insertion)
vecuronium
non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker
Competitive antagonist at nicotinic receptors; blocks neurotransmission at NM junction
short-term muscle paralysis (breathing tube insertion)
pralidoxime
antidote
reactivates acetylcholine esterase by competing with AChE for binding of organophosphate (has phosphoryl group)
Sarin poisoning: irreversible inhibition of acetylcholine esterase = excess acetylcholine (SOB, sweating, miosis)
atropine
anti-cholinergic

muscarinic choline receptor antagonist
Sarin poison antidote;

prevention of motion sickness- block cholinergic neurons in vestibular center
scopolamine
anti-cholinergic

muscarinic choline receptor antagonist
prevention of motion sickness- block cholinergic neurons in vestibular center
tiotropium (Spiriva)
anti-cholinergic

muscarinic receptor antagonist at M3 receptors
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
-bronchospasms
want bronchodilation
ipratropium (Atrovent)
anti-cholinergic

muscarinic receptor antagonist at M3 receptors
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
-bronchospasms
want bronchodilation. inhaled
ipratropium
nasal spray
anti-cholinergic

muscarinic receptor antagonist at M3 receptors
perennial rhinitis
Dicyclomine (Bentyl)
anti-cholinergic

muscarinic receptor antagonist
at receptors in CNS, smooth muscle and secretory glands
IBS- GI contractions are stronger and longer than normal
hyosyamine (Levsin)
anti-cholinergic

muscarinic receptor antagonist
at receptors in CNS, smooth muscle and secretory glands
IBS- GI contractions are stronger and longer than normal
oxybutinin (Ditropan)
anti-cholinergic
muscarinic receptor antagonist
decrease muscle tone and contraction
overactive bladder: too much bladder muscle contraction
tolterodine (Detrol LA)
anti-cholinergic
muscarinic receptor antagonist
decrease muscle tone and contraction
overactive bladder: too much bladder muscle contraction
solifenacin (Vesicare)
anti-cholinergic
muscarinic receptor antagonist
decrease muscle tone and contraction
overactive bladder: too much bladder muscle contraction
trospium (sanctura)
anti-cholinergic
muscarinic receptor antagonist
decrease muscle tone and contraction
overactive bladder: too much bladder muscle contraction
pilocaripine (Salagen or isopto carpine)
cholinomimetic
agonist at muscarinic receptors
Glaucoma: high ocular pressure

drug contricts cilliary muscle so fluid can flow out; miosis; decreased pressure
Carbachol (Isopto carbachol)
cholinomimetic
agonist at muscarinic receptors
Glaucoma: high ocular pressure

drug contricts cilliary muscle so fluid can flow out; miosis; decreased pressure
Bethanechol (Urecholine)
cholinomimetic

muscarinic receptor agonist
increases muscle tone and contraction
Post-op nonobstructive urinary retention: a decrease in bladder muscle tone
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
cholinomimetic
muscarinic agonist
increases tone
Gastroesophageal Reflux: decreased esophagus sphincter tone
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
cholinomimetic
muscarinic agonist
increases GI motility
Diabetic Gastroparesis: delayed gastric emptying time

Isoproterenol
adrenergic non-selective beta 1 and beta 2 agonist
Cardiac arrest/shock: hypotension

Drug increases HR and force of contraction, relaxes brochial, GI muscle, vasodilation
Dobutamine
adrenergic beta 1 selective agonist
Heart disease with suppressed contractility

Post-cardiac surgery for pts needed ionotropic support
Drug increases HR and force of contraction
Epinephrine (Epi-pen)
non-selective alpha1/2 beta1/2 agonist
Anaphylactic shock

beta 1: increase HR and force
beta 2: brochodilation
alpha: increased PVR
Norepinephrine
alpha1/2 beta 1 agonist
Hypotension

alpha: increased PVR
beta 1: increase HR and force
Ephedrine
alpha 1/2 beta 1/2 agonist
Hypotension

enhances relase of NE from sympathetic neurons
Moclobemide
MAO-A inhibitor
selectively inhibits MAO-A in CNS to increase CNS levels of DA, NE and 5-HT
Depression
Befloxatone
MAO-A inhibitor
selectively inhibits MAO-A in CNS to increase CNS levels of DA, NE and 5-HT
Depression
Toloxatone
MAO-A inhibitor
selectively inhibits MAO-A in CNS to increase CNS levels of DA, NE and 5-HT
Depression
Entacapone
adjunt therapy to levadopa/ carbidopa therapy
Inhibits peripheral COMT
Parkinson's Disease: loss of DA neurons from sub. nigra
Selegiline
MAO-B inhibitor
Selectively inhibit CNS MAO-B to increase DA levels
Parkinson's Disease: loss of DA neurons from sub. nigra
Amphetamine (Adderall)
Stimulant
Reverses NE and DA reuptake transporters
ADHD
Methylphenidate
indirect sympathomimetic
blocks NE and DA transporters
ADHD
Oxymetazoline
adrenergic alpha 1/2 agonist
Nasal congestion: arterioles are dialated

activates alpha receptors in arterioles and causes vasoconstriction
Phenylephrine
adrenergic alpha 1 agonist
Nasal congestion: arterioles are dialated

activates alpha receptors in arterioles and causes
Clonidine
adrenergic alpha 2 agonist
Hypertension
(also ADHD and drug withdrawl)

drug decreases sympathetic outflow; less NE relase
Guanfacine
adrenergic alpha 2 agonist
Hypertension
(also ADHD and drug withdrawl)

drug decreases sympathetic outflow; less NE relase
Phenoxybenzamine
anti-adrenergic
blocks alpha 1/2. antagonist. irreversible
Pheochromocytoma: tumor of adrenal gland causing increased NE and Epi secretion
Doxazosin
anti-adrenergic
alpha 1 blocker. antagonist
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: high activation of alpha1, increased contraction of prostate
Drug decreases contraction, and prostate urethral resistance
Prazosin
anti-adrenergic
alpha 1 blocker. antagonist
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: high activation of alpha1, increased contraction of prostate
Drug decreases contraction, and prostate urethral resistance
Terazosin
anti-adrenergic
alpha 1 blocker. antagonist
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: high activation of alpha1, increased contraction of prostate
Drug decreases contraction, and prostate urethral resistance
Alfuzosin
anti-adrenergic
alpha 1 blocker. antagonist
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: high activation of alpha1, increased contraction of prostate
Drug decreases contraction, and prostate urethral resistance
Tamsulosin
anti-adrenergic
alpha 1 blocker. antagonist
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: high activation of alpha1, increased contraction of prostate
Drug decreases contraction, and prostate urethral resistance
Phentolamine
anti-adrenergic
alpha 1/2 blocker
Hypertension

Drug causes vasodilation & decreases PVR
Doxazosin
anti-adrenergic
alpha 1 blocker
Hypertension

drug causes vasodilation & decreases PVR
Prazosin
anti-adrenergic
alpha 1 blocker
Hypertension

drug causes vasodilation & decreases PVR
Terazosin
anti-adrenergic
alpha 1 blocker
Hypertension

drug causes vasodilation & decreases PVR
Where are pregangalionic cell bodies located in the Sympathetic nervous system?
Spinal cord
Thoracic (1-3)
Lumbar (4)
Where are pregangalionic cell bodies located in the Parasympathetic nervous system?
Spinal cord: Sacral (1-4)

Brainstem: Cranial (3.7.9.10)
Where are postganglionic cell bodies located in sympathetic nervous system?
Ganglia: paravertebral or prevertebral
Where are postganglionic cell bodies located in parasympathetic nervous system?
Wall of target organ
What are the lengths of pre and post ganglionic neurons in the sympathetic nervous system?
Pre: short
ACh

Post: Long
NE
What are the lengths of pre and post ganglionic neurons in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Pre: long
ACh

post: short
ACh
What is the RDS of ACh synthesis?
CHT: choline transport/uptake
Beta adrenergic receptors are coupled to?
GPCR: G alpha s = increase adenyl cyclase activity
Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors are coupled to?
GPCR: G alpha q = increase phospholipase C
Alpha 2 adrenergic receptros are coupled to?
GPCR: G alpha i = decrease adenyl cyclase activity
Nicotinic ACh receptors are what kind of receptor?
Ligand gated ion channel
Muscarinic ACh receptors 1,3,5 are coupled to?
G alpha q = increased phospholipase c
Muscarinic ACh receptors 2,4 are coupled to?
G alpha i = decreased adenyl cyclase activity
Baroreceptors are activated by ______ blood pressure and inhibit the _______ nervous system
high

sympathetic
activation of the ____ adrenergic receptor causes vasoconstriction
alpha 1 (Gaq)
activation of the _____ adrenergic receptor causes vasodilation
beta 2 (Gas inhibits myosin light chain kinase)
Affinity:
Beta 1 : Epi ___ NE
=
Affinity:
Beta 2 : Epi ___ NE
>>>>>>

Much more affinity for epinephrine
Affinity:
alpha 1/2 : Epi ___ NE
>

slightly more affinity for epinephrine
DUMBBELSS

Activation of the ____?
diarrhea. urination. miosis. bronchoconstriction. bradycardia. excitation of skeletal muscle. lacrimation. salivation. sweating.

Cholinergic/ parasympathetic
Anti- DUMBBELSS

Activation of ?
constipation. urinary retention. midriasis (dilation). bronchodilation. tachycardia. N/a. dry eyes. dry mouth. dry skin.
Adrenergic/ sympathomimetic
alpha 1 causes mucle?
contraction
Activation of ____ adrenergic receptor typically causes muscle contraction
alpha 1