Autocoids

Front 1

True or False: Autocoids are a group of compounds that act as hormones on neighboring cells

Back 1

FALSE, autocoids are formed by the tissues they act on (they are LOCAL hormones)

Front 2

What are 2 bioactive amines?

Back 2

histamine and serotonin

Front 3

what are 2 endogenous peptides?

Back 3

angiotensin and neuropeptide

Front 4

what are 2 arachidionic acid metabolites?

Back 4

PGs and leukotrienes

Front 5

what is 1 cytokine?

Back 5

interleukine

Front 6

which is NOT an autocoid:
arachidionic acid metabolite
bioactive amine
acetylcholine
cytokine
endogenous peptide

Back 6

acetylcholine

Front 7

what type of autocoid is a chemical mediator for a wide variety of responses including allergic reactions, inflammatory reactions, and gastric acid secretions?

Back 7

Histamine

Front 8

What autocoid is a component of venoms and stinging secretions?

Back 8

histamine

Front 9

where are histmines found in the body (in high concentrations)?

Back 9

lungs, skins, and gastrointestinal tract

Front 10

histamine is NOT bound to:
-calcium in motor endplate cells
-heparin in tissue mast cells
-basophils in blood
-enterochromaffin-like cells in fundus
of the stomach

Back 10

calcium in motor endplate cells

Front 11

when are histamines released?

Back 11

when an allergen is encountered, the allergen signals the mast cell to release histamine

Front 12

Name 3 types of tissue release for histamines.

Back 12

-mechanical (destruction of cells)
-chemical (histamine liberators-drugs
and foreign proteins)
-immunological (allergy and anaphylaxis)

Front 13

what are the therapeutic indications of histamines?

Back 13

THERE ARE NOT ANY

Front 14

what kind of drugs are these:
diphenhydramine (benadryl)
promethazine (phenergan)
chlorpehniramine (chlortrimeton)
?????

Back 14

these are histamine receptor antagonists

Front 15

what are some new generation histamine antagonist drugs that are non-sedating and longer acting?

Back 15

terfenadine (seldane)-cardiac side
effects
fexofenadine (allegra)
astemizole (hismanal)
loratide (claritin)

Front 16

what are the effects of histamine antagonists?

Back 16

sedation, anticholinergic effects like dry mouth, local anesthetic properties (block sodium channels)

Front 17

what are the side effects of histamine antagonists?

Back 17

sedation, headache, visual disturbance, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation

Front 18

what are the therapeutic uses of histamine antagonists?

Back 18

allergies due to H1 receptor effects, prevention of motion sickness and emesis, sedation (sleep aids), topically as a local anesthetic

Front 19

what are the pharmacokinetics of histamine antagonists?

Back 19

active orally and parentally
duration of 3-4 hrs for the old drugs
duration of 12-24 hrs for new drugs
metabolized by the liver
excreted in the urine

Front 20

what are some examples of drugs that reduce both basal and food stimulated gastric acid secretion and what category are they in (H1 or H2)??

Back 20

H2 antagonists:
cimetidine (tagamet)
ranitidine (zantac)
famotidine (pepcid)
nizatidine (axid)

Front 21

True of False: Prostaglandins (PGs) are divided into the A, B, F, and T series?

Back 21

FALSE, they are divided into the E,F, D, and I series

Front 22

what type of autocoids are generated "de novo" from membrane phospholipids and may play an important role in the inflammatory reaction?

Back 22

prostaglandins

Front 23

what is the mechanism of binding for prostaglandins?

Back 23

they bind to specific cell surface receptors-EP, FP, IP, and DP

Front 24

True or False: giving prostaglandins to a women who is pregant will cause her to go into labor?

Back 24

true

Front 25

what are the pharmocolgical actions of prostaglandins?

Back 25

relax vascular smooth muscle, relax bronchial smooth muscle, contract uterine smooth muscle in females, decrease gastric acid secretion, decrease blood pressure, inhibit platelet aggregation, increase body temp., inhibit the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerves

Front 26

True or False: prostaglandins have a short duration of action?

Back 26

true

Front 27

what are the therapeutic uses of prostaglandins?

Back 27

therapeutic abortion, gastric cytoprotection (prevention of ulcers), impotence

Front 28

which autocoid is derived from the amino acid tryptophan?

Back 28

serotonin

Front 29

what are the pharmacological actions of serotonin?

Back 29

increaes motility, mixture of vascular constriction and dilation, causes platelet aggregation, stimulates nociceptive sensory nerve endings

Front 30

which serotonin agonist is used for the tx of anxiety?

Back 30

buspirone (buspar)

Front 31

which serotonin agonist is used in the tx of acute migraine and cluster headache attacks, and has side effects of dizziness, neck pain, and chest discomfort

Back 31

sumatriptan (imitrex)

Front 32

as an O.T., what do I need to conscious about when I have a pt. who is taking serotonin agonists?

Back 32

dizziness, muscle weakness, and neck pain

Front 33

what serotonin antagonist is used in the tx of migraine?

Back 33

methysergide (sansert)

Front 34

what serotonin antagonist is used in chemotherapy-induced emesis?

Back 34

ondansetron (zofran)

Front 35

what are the pharmacological actions of histamines in the C.V.S.?

Back 35

decreased blood pressure, increased heart rate, increased permeability (edema), decreased cardiac output, increased contractility and pacemaker rate

Front 36

what are the pharmocological actions of histamines in smooth muscles?

Back 36

bronchoconstriction and contraction of uterus

Front 37

what are the pharmocological actions of histamines in the nervous system?

Back 37

urticaria, pain and itching, presynaptic modulation of release

Front 38

what are the pharmocological actions of histamines in glands?

Back 38

stimulation of gastric acid secretion in G.I.T., stimulation of bronchial and salivary glands