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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Leadership as a force for change BP 1 |
Bruce-Page Men: Predominately British, failed group settlement schemes, urbanization, 350 000 arrived short of the 450,000, £23.5 million loss for government Money: From British Banks, fueled a credit binge of false prosperity. £550 million borrowed to fuel development schemes. Markerts; Remained wholly reliant on Britain. 1924 Export Gurantee act bolstered the nations exports, engaged in a policy of "Protection all round" where a 40% tariff was placed on 240 imported items "Australia needed all the British blood she could get" Manning Clarke "Australia would be limited unless money was found to carry out necessary developmental work" - Bruce "Without the empire, Australia shall be lost like a cork in the ocean" - Hughes |
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Leadership as a force for change BP 2 |
Curtin Domestic: National Security Act (1939), Aliens registration act (1939), Manpower Directorate (1942), Censorship, rationing, Women increased participation by 31%, Women's employment board and Land Army. International: After the fall of Pearl Harbor, Singapore and Darwin, sought better relations with the US, however still remained a loyal ally to trade to UK. "At this moment the struggle for survival overrides every other consideration" "Australia looks to America free of any pangs" "Australia doesnt have enough workers for both a peacetime and wartime economy" |
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Leadership as a force for change BP 3 |
Chifley Department of immigration 1942, led by Calwell, populate or Perish and boost the Workforce. 1947 IRO agreement, 1944 to 1949 5000 Asians deported. "Yellow Peril" "Two wongs dont make a white" 500000 migrants arrived, 30% British, 1949 Good Neighbours Initiative, Snowy Mountain Scheme. |
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Changing Attitudes towards Social Groups BP 1 |
Immigrants 1920s Bruce sought to increase the population by assisted immigration. £23 Million agreement 1924 with Britain. Group Settlement failed Remained committed to the WAP, 350 000 migrants. During war - 1939 Aliens reigrstation act and 1939 National security act. Racial discrimination "He's coming South" "Yellow Peril" "Australia needed all the British blood she could get" "This saw the white Australia policy redefined as the British Australia Policy" |
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Changing Attitudes towards Social Groups BP 2 |
Aboriginals Protectionism: Adopted in 1911, measures put in place to prevent a cultural clash. Inspired by superior attitudes, missions and reserves established for isolation. Conditions were harsh and barbaric. Policy intensified in the 1930's with half caste children removed. Activism: Public attitudes become more sympathetic, Jan 1938 Day of Mourning, 100 aboriginals sent a list of demands to Joe Lyons, right to fair and equal treatment, land rights, aboriginal law. Lyons rejected this at is was a state matter. Assimilation: 1937 National Welfare Conference, the state adopted assimilation. Half Castes to now be absorbed into society. 1950 saw citizenship granted to those that had been assimilated. "The Commonwealth has the power to deal with any race within our borders, except the aboriginal inhabitants." "Most of us girls were feeling white in the head, but black inside" |
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Changing Attitudes towards Social Groups BP 3 |
Immigrants Post WW2 Department of immigration 1942, Arthur Calwell, populate or Perish. 70,000 goal a year, 5000 Asians deported to ease fear of Yellow Peril, 10 Pound Pom IRO Agreement 1947. Between 1945 and 1949 500,000 Migrants arrived Lived in communities, 2 years labour, Snowy Mountain Scheme, provided 100,000 jobs, 70% migrants. "By 1949 any displaced European person under 45 was likely to find a passage to Australia" |
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Significant Economic Events - The Great Depression BP 1 |
Economic Impacts The prosperity was a period of an unsound credit binge, Australia borrowed £500 million, only serviced by exports. AS the world sunk into the depression, Australia was dragged down as well, Australian exports plummeted, Wool - 75% of exports fell to 33% of the value. Unemployment spiral courtesy of outdated deflationary policy. Unemployment hit 32% in 1932, overseas debt hit £250 million. |
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Significant Economic Events - The Great Depression BP 2 |
Social Impacts Caused prolonged and unnecessary misery. Thousands of families evicted, caused police involvement. 40,000 living in Shanty towns, no water, electricity, children removed from schools. "Susso" offered - only if unemployed for 14 days, women denied, 60 000 reliant. Only enough to pay for a meal per day. "Jumping the rattler" Shame in unemployment "Apart from the hardship, there was a great shame in being unemployed." |
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Significant Economic Events - The Great Depression BP 3 |
Political Impacts Scullins inexperienced and infant ALP was in equipped to deal with it. Lack of courage in dealing with it saw Scullin attempt a deflationary policy. Disorganized government saw conflict between plants - Premiers plan adopted. 1931 ALP split - Lyons formed the UAP Rise of extremism. 1931 Eric Campbell New Guard, peaked at 100,000 members with a hardcore following of 20,000 Communist Party membership at 3000 Lang dismissal marked 1st time a no elected official dismisses an elected one. Westraya movement 1933. "Labor had no prepared policy to fight unemployment and no experience to draw on" - Lionel Dennis. |
