Aural Rehabilitation: Speech Characteristics Of The Hearing Impaired

Front 1

True or False: There are certain specific speech characteristics that all people with moderate to severe hearing impairment demonstrate.

Back 1

False; these characteristics are all generalizations.

Front 2

What is primary speech production error for children with mild to moderate HL?

Back 2

Misarticulations of single consonants and consonant blends

Front 3

What specific speech errors are most common for children with mild to moderate HL? (3)

Back 3

1. Problems with affricates, fricatives and blends
2. Cluster Reduction
3. Final Consonant Deletion

Front 4

How will vocabulary be for children with mild to moderate HL?

Back 4

It will probably be lower than that of typically developed peers.

Front 5

What are some management techniques for children with mild to moderate HL's speech errors? (4)

Back 5

1. Early and appropriate amplification and assistive listening devices
2. Auditory training to improve speech perception and develop Auditory Feedback Loop
3. Addition of visual. tactile/kinesthitic cues
4. Training on isolated speech sound production should be limited; move quickly to production of target sounds within meaningful words and phrases

Front 6

Children and adults with severe to profound hearing loss exhibit a wide range of speech intelligibility, depending on many factors such as ____. (5)

Back 6

1. Degree and shape of loss
2. Age of identification and amplification
3. Consistency and adequacy of amplification
4. Age at which therapy began
5. Therapy approach

Front 7

True of False: Improvements in intelligibility for people with HI are achieved through improving articulation

Back 7

False; Therapy is not just articulation. You should be working on voice, control of suprasegmentals, and respiration to increase intelligibility!

Front 8

For people with sever to profound HL, what are common respiratory issues?

Back 8

Few syllables on one breath, losing too much air during the period immediation prior to the onset of phonation (air wastage due to improper laryngeal valving prior to speaking)

Short, choppy speech limited to the amount that can be phonated on limited air supply.

Front 9

For people with severe to profound HL, what are common resonance issues?

Back 9

Hypernasality OR hyponasality. Also, mistaken diagnoses is common; resonance problems many also be nasal culdesac resonance due to posterior tongue carriage

Front 10

For people with severe to profound HL, what are common phonation issues? (5)

Back 10

1. Incomplete VF closure results in breathy voice
2. Excessive laryngeal tension --> higher fundamental frequency
3. Hyperfucntional voice disorders due to forceful adduction of the VFs
4. Too loud or not loud enough (poor auditory feedback loops)
5. Decreased intensity variability

Front 11

For people with severe to profound HL, what are common articulation/phonology issues?
(Vowels: 5 & Consonants: 3)

Back 11

This area is very variable between clients!
1. Vowel Errors
a. Vowerl substitutions
b. Neutralization to the schwa
c. Dipthongization (ai for a)
d. dipthong distortion (a for ai)
e. Nasalization of vowels

Consonant Errors:
a. Omissions/distortions of final and initial consonants
b. Cluster Reduction
c. Nasalization of consonants
d. Stopping

Front 12

Why do people with severe to profound HL have vowel errors?

Back 12

They are not able to hear the second formant, which is a function of tongue height. This would be difficult to see when speechreading.

Front 13

For people with severe to profound HL, what are common suprasegmental errors? (5)

Back 13

1. Abnormal Rate (usually too slow)
2. Abnormal pausing
3. Abnormal Stress patterns
4. Poor Pitch
5. Intensity Variations

Front 14

What are some phonology tests designed specifically for hearing impaired clients?

Back 14

1. Identifying Early Phonological Needs of Hearing Impaired Children
2. Ling Phonetic Level Speech Evaluation
3. CID Evaluation
4. Wilson Voice Profile

Front 15

True or False: A nasometer can be used to rule out the presence of hypernasality, hyponasaility, or culdesac resonance.

Back 15

False; will not detect culdesac resonance.

Front 16

If a child with hearing impairment is not often understood by his classmates or teacher but is understood 100% of the time by his SLP, it can be said he has ____ intelligibility.

Back 16

low; speech intelligibility is the ability to be understood by the UNTRAINED listener.

Front 17

What should the SLP's main goal be when working with the hearing impaired?

Back 17

To increase intelligibility.

Front 18

Your client has little to no residual hearing above 1500 Hz and your goal is to work on reducing the use of stopping by trying to get the client to hear the contiuents /s/ and /f/. Is this an appropriate goal? Why/why not?

Back 18

No, this is not an appropraite goal because those sounds are not within the realm of the client's residual hearing.

Front 19

True or False: Using diagrams and pictures of tongue placements provide only static pictures of very dynamic processes and should not be solely relied on for therapy.

Back 19

True

Front 20

Why should you be cautious about using mirrors in therapy?

Back 20

Mirrors may result in over reliance

Front 21

What is the Tactaid 7 device?

Back 21

A device worn around the child's waist with 7 vibrating discs. As speech comes to the child's cochlear implant, it vibrates according to the frequency bandwidth of the incoming signal. The tactile feedback is supposed to aid in accurate speech perception.

Front 22

What are formants? How do they aid in hearing

Back 22

1. Results of resonances in the vocal tract; can be heard in vowels.
2. Effect of tongue placement and arch

We recognize vowels through hearing via formants; the formants and accompanying frequencies stimulate various areas along the basilar membrane. The signal is sent to the auditory cortex where the auditory memory recognizes the pattern with a memorized template

Front 23

Are vowels high or low frequency sounds?

Back 23

Low, this is why most hearing impaired hears vowels better than consonants

Front 24

Consonants' distinctive features include _____. (3)

Back 24

1. Manner
2. Place
3. Voicing

Front 25

Suprasegmental information includes ____. (3)

Back 25

1. Duration
2. Nasality
3. Affrication