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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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trabeculae carneae
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ridges of cardiac muscle fibers in ventricle
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chordae tendineae
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tendon-like cords connecting atriaventricular valves to papillary muscles
snaps valves shut upon contraction |
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pectinate muscles
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projecting muscle bundles/ridges of atrial walls & lining of the auricles
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papillary muscles
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cone-shaped trabeculae carneae that chordae tendineae are connected to
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cardiac output (CO)
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volume ejected from a (most times referring to left) ventricle in 1 minute
HR X SV = CO |
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preload
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amount of stretching of cardiac muscle fibers before ejection/contraction (more in, more out to a point)
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afterload
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amount of pressure needed to make semilunar valves open (changes SV)
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stroke volume (SV)
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how much blood ventricle ejects after each contraction (about 70ml)
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systole
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when chamber is contracting
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diastole
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when chamber is relaxing
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heart rate (HR)
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number of heartbeats per minute
(5 beats/elapsed time in secs) X (60 secs/1min) = HR |
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venous return
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volume of blood returning to right ventricle
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endocarditis
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inflammation of the endocardium, typically involving heart valves
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myocarditis
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inflammation of the myocardium usually occurring as a complication of a viral infection, rheumatic fever, or exposure to radiation/certain chemicals/medications
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pericarditis
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inflammation of the pericardium
(acute caused by viral infection & sudden) (chronic is gradual fluid buildup usually from tuberculosis or cancer) |
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angina pectoris
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"strangled chest"
severe pain usually accompanying myocardial ischemia |
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myocardial infarction
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complete obstruction to blood flow in a coronary artery, "heart attack"
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coronary ischemia/myocardial ischemia
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partial obstruction of blood flow in coronary arteries
reduced blood flow to myocardium |
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palpitation
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a fluttering of the heart
an abnormal or rhythm of the heart about which an individual is aware |
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coronary thrombosis
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a blockage of the flow of blood to the heart, caused by a blood clot in a coronary artery
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congestive heart failure
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loss of pumping efficiency in the heart
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heart block
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an arrhythmia of the heart where the atria & ventricles contract independently because of a blocking of electrical impulses through the heart at some point in the conduction system
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heart murmur
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abnormal sound that consists of a flow noise that is heard before, between, or after the normal heart sounds, or that may mask normal heart sounds
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MVP
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mitral valve prolapse
one or both cusps of the mitral valve protrude into the left atrium during ventricular contraction |
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bradycardia
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slow heart rate
under 50 beats/minute |
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tachycardia
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rapid heart beat
over 100 beats/minute |
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fibrillation
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rapid, uncoordinated heartbeats
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automated external defibrillator
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(AED) delivers a small shock to the heart when life-threatening rhythm disturbance occurs
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Frank-Starling principle
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the more the heart fills with blood during diastole, the greater the force of contraction during systole (more in, more out to a point)
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VT (ventricular tachycardia)
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arrhythmia originating in ventricles, characterized by four or more ventricular premature contractions, causing them to beat too fast (at least 120 beats/min)
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PVC (premature contraction of ventricle)
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arrhythmia caused when a region other than the conduction system becomes more excitable than normal & causes an abnormal action potential to occur
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