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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anotia
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lack of pinna
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atresia
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closure of external auditory canal
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cerumenolytic
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chemical substance that softens or removes earwax
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exostoses
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benign bony growths in outer ear canal
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external otitis
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- aka swimmer's ear
- fungal or bacterial infection of external canal - causes itching, swelling, pain, fever, myringitis |
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lumen
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ear canal
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microtia
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congenitally abnormally small external ear
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myringitis
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inflammation of tympanic membrane
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myringoplasty
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surgery to repair perforations in tympanic membrane
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osseocartilaginous juncture
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union between bony and cartilaginous portions of external auditory canal
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osteomas
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bony tumors that do not affect hearing, can be removed surgically
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otalgia
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ear pain
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otoplasty
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plastic surgery of outer ear
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pinnaplasty
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cosmetic operation to improve appearance of pinna
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stenosis
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narrow external auditory canal
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TMJ syndrome
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inflammation of temporomandibular joint causing ear pain
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tympanosclerosis
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thickening/hardening of tympanic membrane
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acute OM
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- infected fluid in ear
- often viral, can be bacterial - can cause TM perforation and mastoiditis |
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adhesive OM
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- aka glue ear
- late stages of untreated serous OM - leads to thick, gray mucus - causes HL |
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autophony
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- phenomenon in which individuals' voices seem louder than normal to themselves
- symptom of patulous/patent ET |
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barotrauma
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- aka ET dysfunction
- discomfort and possible damage in ear due to sudden pressure changes |
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Carhart notch
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dip in BC at 2000 Hz
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cholesteatoma
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tumor located in middle ear and mastoid
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facial palsy
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- aka Bell's palsy
- temporary form of facial paralysis that occurs with damage to CN VII |
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fenestration
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- earliest form of surgery to correct otosclerosis
- creation of artificial opening in bony part of inner ear to bypass ossicular chain |
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Lombard voice reflex
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phenomenon in which the speaker raises the intensity of his voice in response to background noise
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mastoidectomy
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surgical removal of infection portion of mastoid bone
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mastoiditis
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infection of mastoid bone
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meniscus
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- curved surface of a column of fluid
- sometimes seen through TM when fluids are present in middle ear |
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mucoid OM
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variety of serous OM in which mucus is thick and gray
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myringotomy
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incision of TM
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necrosis
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death of living cells
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otitis media
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infection of middle ear
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otorrhea
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discharge from EAC or middle ear
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otosclerosis
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- aka otospongiosis
- bone growth in middle ear around stapes footplate - begins around puberty, not usually detected until 30s |
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paracusis willisii
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ability to understand speech better with background noise, possibly due to Lombard voice reflex
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patulous ET
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- aka patent ET
- chronically open ET - causes autophony |
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physical volume test
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- test used to indicate patent PE tube or TM perforation
- high sound intensity suggesting large volume of air |
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pressure-equalizing tube
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short tube placed through myringotomy incision to allow for middle ear ventilation
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Schwartze sign
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- red discoloration seen through TM
- sometimes seen in otosclerosis |
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serous OM
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- aka OM with effusion or secretory OM
- fluid build-up in ME without symptoms of infection - can be due to ET blockage and allergies |
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stapendectomy
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- current method of treating otosclerosis
- replacement of stapes bone with prosthesis |
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stapes mobilization
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- past method of treating otosclerosis
- surgical mobilization of stapes footplate |
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suppurative OM
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- aka purulent OM
- pus-like fluid in middle ear - can dissolve ME structures and pass through oval window to inner ear - often caused by strep or flu - severe cases may result in otorrhea - alleviated through myringotomy |
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tympanoplasty
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- aka myringoplasty
- reconstructive surgery of TM |
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tympanosclerosis
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- formation of plaques in TM and hard connective tissue around ossicles
- occurs after OM |
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Valsalva maneuver
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plugging the nose and blowing to open ET
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Toynbee maneuver
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plugging nose and swallowing to open ET
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acoustic trauma
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injury to inner ear hearing mechanisms due to loud noises
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acoustic trauma notch
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hearing loss at 4000 Hz associated with noise-induced HL
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autoimmune inner ear disease
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- inflammatory condition of inner ear in which the immune system attacks cells in inner ear
- causes sudden HL in one ear that rapidly progresses to the other - causes fullness in ear, vertigo and tinnitus |
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benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV)
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vestibular disorder that causes repeated episodes of vertigo
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cytomegalovirus
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- herpes type virus
- has 31% HL prevalence |
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damage risk criteria
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standards set by OSHA determining the amount of time one can be exposed to specific dB level before HL occurs
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dosimeter
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sound level meter used to measure noise exposure of a person over a period of time, used to determine damage risk criteria
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electronystagmography (ENG)
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diagnostic test used to record involuntary movements of the eye caused by nystagmus and diagnose vestibular disorders
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endolymphatic hydrops
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- oversecretion/underabsorption of endolymph fluid in inner ear
- can potentially destroy labyrinth |
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hereditodegenerative HL
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hereditary HL that occurs after birth
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labyrinthitis
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ear disorder involving irritation and swelling of inner ear
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Meniere's disease
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- sudden fluctuating unilateral HL
- caused by endolymphatic hydrops - starts in either cochlea or vestibular system, then spreads to both later - occurs in those 30+ - causes vertigo, low frequency tinnitus, poor speech recognition, fullness in ear |
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meningitis
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inflammation of membranes covering brain and spinal cord
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noise induced HL (NIHL)
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HL resulting from exposure to high-intensity sound over a long period of time
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nystagmus
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involuntary eye movement
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otoacoustic emission (OAE)
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sounds emanating from the cochlea that can be detected in the EAC with probe microphones
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ototoxic
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poisonous to the ear
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prenatal inner ear disorders
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hereditary HL, hereditodegenerative HL, viruses (cytomegalovirus), chromosomal disorders, Rh factor, anoxia, CP
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perinatal inner ear disorders
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anoxia, prematurity, use of high forceps
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postnatal inner ear disorders
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OM, bacterial meningitis, viral infection (e.g. measles, mumps, pox, flu, pneumonia), high fever, syphilis, labyrinthitis, cholesteotoma, diabetes, kidney infections
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permanent threshold shift (PTS)
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permanent SNHL, usually associated with exposure to intense noise
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phonemic regression
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slowness in auditory comprehension associated with advanced age
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presbycusis
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- HL associated with old age, tied to artereosclerosis
- 25% of adults between 45 and 64 have SNHL - 40% of adults 65+ have SNHL - types: sensory, neural, strial, cochlear conductive |
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sensory presbycusis
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loss of outer hair cells resulting in high frequency HL
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neural presbycusis
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loss of neurons resulting in flat HL with dip in high frequency, poor speech recognition
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strial presbycusis
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flat HL with adequate speech recognition
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cochlear conductive HL
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mobility of cochlear mechanisms is reduced
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sound level meter
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device designed for measurement of intensity of sound waves in air
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sudden ideopathic SNHL
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- typically unilateral
- needs to be treated as medical emergency - can be due to autoimmune disorders, viruses, tumors, rupture of basilar membrane, vasospasms |
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temporary threshold shift
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temporary SNHL usually associated with exposure to intense noise
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vasospasm
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- violent constriction of blood vessel
- causes vertigo, tinnitus and reduced hearing |
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vertigo
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- spinning sensation
- can be treated by taking steroid drops through PE tube onto round window |
