Audiology Disorders Of Auditory System

Front 1

T or F 30% of HL is related to a syndrom

Back 1

30% are related to a syndrome (>400 syndromes associated with hearing loss)

50% genetic

50% non-genetic

Front 2

What are the Causes of Disorders of the Auricle?

Back 2

• Trauma – car accident, dog bites
• Cancer – absent pinna
• Congenital –
– Micro&a – small or under-developed pinna
– Ano&a – absence of the pinna

Front 3

What is microtia?

Back 3

small of under-developed pinna

Front 4

What is Anotia?

Back 4

absence of the pinna

Front 5

What is Otic Atresia? (ear canal malformations)

Back 5

congenital closure or lack of
development of the ear canal

Front 6

What is stenosis? (ear canal malformations)

Back 6

abnormal narrowing of the external auditory canal

Front 7

what is collapsing EAC? (ear canal malformations)

Back 7

flaccid nature of cartilaginous outer portion of the ear canal can lead to collapse with pressure

Front 8

What is exostoses? (growths in EAC)

Back 8

– Benign bone growths in the EAC
– Multiple, bilateral
– Thought to be reactve conditon secondary to cold or water exposure
– “Surfer’s ear” (Prevalance = 73% in surfers)

Front 9

What is osteoma? (growths in EAC)

Back 9

– Slow-growing true bone tumor
– Single, unilateral
– Causes: embryologic, trauma, infec7on

Front 10

What is maximum conductive loss?

Back 10

flat 60 dB conductive HL across all frequencies, mod/severe HL

Front 11

Otitis Externa

Back 11

"swimmer's ear" - bacterial infection

HL cannot be assessed due to pain and drainage

Front 12

Otomycosis

Back 12

fungal infection of the external ear

typically not associated with hearing loss

Front 13

Cerumen Occlusion

Back 13

In some people, wax glands are overly actve
• If EAC is small, wax may become blocked
• Cotton swabs can compound the problem
– Wax is produced in the outer, cartlaginous
portion
– Cotton swabs push it into the bony portion
• Conductve hearing loss sets in at 85%
occlusion

Front 14

Tympanosclerosis

Back 14

Thickening of the TM
• Calcium deposits on the TM afer mucoid ottis media
• Potential for mild CHL

Front 15

Effusion (disorder of middle ear) - 4 types

Back 15

fluid in the middle ear
– Serous: thin, water-like fluid, not necessarily infected
– Purulent: pus-like effusion
– Suppurative: pus and blood
– Mucoid: thick pus, “glue ear”

Front 16

Ottis Media

Back 16

infection of the middle ear space

HL = conductive flat HL

Treatment= antibiotics or PE tubes

Front 17

Mastoiditis (middle ear)

Back 17

When OM progresses, necrosis of
the mucosa membranes begins. Then, pus will begin to invade the mastoid bone

Front 18

Meningitis (middle ear)

Back 18

Inflammation of the membranes
(meninges) surrounding your brain and spinal cord, usually due to the spread of an infection.

Front 19

cholesteatoma (middle ear)

Back 19

• Forms as a sac of squamous cells, keratin, and fat
• Occurs when skin enters the ME
– Typically through a TM perforation
– Severe TM retraction, outer layer of TM pulled
into ME anc
• Requires surgery

Front 20

otosclerosis

Back 20

• Hereditary disease (70% of cases)
• Slowly progressive, bilateral, asymmetric conductive or mixed hearing loss with tinnitus
1. Formation of spongy bone around the stapes
footplate on one or both ears (otospongiosis)
2. Spongy bone hardens
3. The footplate becomes fixed, cannot move
• Onset is typically in 20s or 30s

Front 21

tinnitus

Back 21

“high-pitched ringing in the ear”
• Perception of sound within the human ear in the
absence of corresponding external sound
• Not a disease or a disorder, but a symptom
• Causes:
– Presbycusis

Front 22

presbycusis

Back 22

SNHL due to aging and begins around 60

Front 23

mondini malformation

Back 23

Cochlear formation is incomplete
– only one to one and a half turns instead of the
normal two and a half turns.
• This results in gradual or even sudden hearing
loss that may be profound in nature.
• Visualized with MRI or CT scan

Front 24

Meniere's Disease

Back 24

Sudden attacks of vertgo, roaring tinnitus, aural fullness, and unilateral fluctuating and progressive SNHL
• Cause: endolymphatc hydrops
(overproduction of endolymph in the IE)

Front 25

Sudden Idiopathic SNHL (SISNHL)

Back 25

Unilateral hearing loss develops suddenly, typically “overnight”
• More frequent in adults than children
• Potential causes: autoimmune disorder, viral infectin, rupture of basilar membrane, vascular disorders, tumors, or neurological
disorders
• May be treated quickly with steroids

Front 26

Neurofibromatosis Type II

Back 26

Main manifestation of the disease is the development of symmetric, benign tumors on CN VIII
• Hereditary
• Symptoms:
– Hearing loss
– Tinnitus
– Dysequilibrium

Front 27

Auditory Neyropathy/Auditory Dys-synchrony

Back 27

• Cochlea appears to be func7oning normally
but the auditory signal that reaches the brain
is disorganized due to a lesion or poor neural
integrity
• Can present with normal auditory sensi7vity
or any degree of hearing loss
• Auditory sensi7vity can fluctuate widely
• Poor language development despite access to
sounds

Front 28

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Veritgo (BPPV)

Back 28

• Caused by pieces that have broken off from the otoliths, and have slipped into one of the semicircular canals.
• In most cases it is the posterior canal that is affected.
• In certain head posi7ons, these particles shift and create a fluid wave
• Elicited when rolling out of or laying into bed
• Symptoms: dizziness, ver7go and nystagmus

Front 29

Central Auditory Processing Disorder

Back 29

MUST have normal hearing
• Cannot diagnose in children <5 years old
• Unable to process direc7ons and understand
spoken language in challenging situa7ons
• May result in lack if a`en7on to auditory s7muli
• FM system may be helpful
• Not an accepted diagnosis
• No outcome-proven treatment