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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does SECAM stand for?
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Sequential Color And Memory
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What does NTSC stand for?
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National Television System Committee
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What does PAL stand for?
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Phase Alternating Line
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What does LTC stand for?
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Longitudinal Time Code
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What does SMPTE stand for?
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Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
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What is film speed (in FPS)?
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24
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What is PAL and SECAM FPS?
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25
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What are the different speeds for NTSC (in FPS) and what are their specific uses?
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30 (HDTV, commercials, music videos)
29.97 (standard for color video in US and Japan) |
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Name the stages typically involved in the Post Production process
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Production Dialogue Editing
ADR (Automated Dialogue Replacement) Sound Effects editing and design Foley (named after and invented by Jack Foley) Music composition and editing Mixing (also called re-recording or dubbing) |
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What are some duties of a production dialogue editor?
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Locating proper take, checking sync, eliminating noise for a cleaner mix
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What is "looping?"
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Editing and syncing ADR to picture to prepare it for the mix
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What are the different roles involved in Foley recording?
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Foley mixer, who records the sounds, Foley editor, and Foley walker
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Music in films and television fall into what 3 categories?
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Source, score, and song.
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On big-budget features, how are the mixing duties broken down?
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Dialogue mixer, effects mixer, music mixer, foley mixer.
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What are 'dailies?'
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Audio rolls which are sent to a post house at the end of each day of shooting.
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What is a 'locked cut'?
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This is the final cut of the film.
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When does spotting begin on a film? What does this involve?
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Spotting begins after the cut is locked. It involves the Supervising Sound Editor, Director, and possibly Film Editor and composer determining if/where effects, ADR, music, and Foley should be placed.
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How is the audio of a project handled at the mixing stage?
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Each mixer (or one, on smaller budget projects) is creating stems, which contain one element of the overall mix (dialogue, effects, foley, music)
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What happens to stems after mixing is completed?
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They go through a process called Printmastering which composites the stems into a final soundtrack.
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What does M&E refer to?
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Music and effects. This is the final mix with the dialogue removed for later dubbing in other languages. For production sound and effects that are married to the original dialogue track, they must be re-recorded.
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What is layback?
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The process through which the final audio mix is combined to the video track.
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What is an optical soundtrack?
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Another copy of the soundtrack which is usually carried along with final print as a 2 channel track.
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What is THX?
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A set of audio standards and configurations that guarantee a mix translates to other THX certified theaters or rooms. In order to get the best sound, these standards must be followed by the mixer, and they must mix in a room which is also certified.
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How do post houses make a soundtrack exist in both stereo and LCRS?
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They use a Surround Sound Matrix Encoder which can fold down LCRS into Lt/Rt (Left total/Right total)
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What are the four different companies/standards responsible for surround formats?
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Dolby Labs, Ultra-Stereo Labs, DTS (Digital Theater Systems) and Sony (SDDS)
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How did THX originate?
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Tomlinson Holman at Lucasfilms in 1983 for Return of the Jedi. Named after Holman with 'X' meaning 'crossover.' Also named after Lucas' first film THX 1138
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What are the (6) different surround formats?
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Dolby Surround (4-channel optical format)
Ultra-Stereo (4-channel optical surround format) DTS (6-channel, digitally encoded on a CD-ROM with timing and other info on release print) Dolby Digital (6-channel, on release print) SDDS (8-channel digitally encoded surround, on release print) Atmos (unlimited number of possible channels and placement) |
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What's the significance of AC3?
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AC3 is Dolby's Audio Compression 3 format which is used to compress audio for distribution and playback
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What are the four different audio file formats and which ones support timecode?
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WAV (No timecode)
AIFF/AIFF-C (No timecode) SDII (Supports timecode) BWAV (Supports timecode) |
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What are the five main concerns when doing linear transfers?
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Avoiding distortion and noise
Locking to house sync Maintaining sync reference Correct sample rate Error correction |
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What are the five types of project exchange formats?
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OMF 1 and 2 (Avid, audio and picture files. Supported in DAWs and image editors.)
AES 31 (Audio-only, not supported by Pro Tools) OpenTL (Made by TASCAM, supported by Nuendo, Pyramix, Logic, and others) AAF (Picture and audio files) MXF (used for network streaming/transferring) |
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What's the linear production flow?
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Shoot, picture edit, sound edit, mix, mastering, transmission/projection
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What and when was the first sound film produced?
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The Jazz Singer in 1927.
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What are overlaps?
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A short section of sound from the beginning of a reel added to the end of the previous reel. Due to the offset between picture and sound on the print, overlaps ensure there are no gaps in the sound when the reels are joined together.
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MO (magneto optical) disk
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A computer disk used in Dolby Digital mastering equipment to record both the six-track mix and the Lt/Rt mix. The whole soundtrack is mastered onto this one disk, which is then sent to the optical transfer stage for the sound negative to be produced.
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What is an EDL and what is it used for?
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Edit Decision List. A file containing info such as roll number, in and out points, and track mapping.
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A digital optical soundtrack contains four tracks in different formats. What are they?
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SDDS, DTS Timecode, Dolby Stereo analog, Dolby Digital
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