Aucvm Histo Ii Test 2

Front 1

The largest gland in the body (2-5% body weight)

Back 1

Liver

Front 2

Major functions of the liver (9)

Back 2

Metabolism
Storage
Secretion
Synthesis
Detoxification
Destruction
Hemopoiesis
Phagocytosis

Front 3

Liver Metabolism Function for 6 substances

Back 3

protein
carbs
fats
hemoglobin
drugs
iron

Front 4

Liver Storage function for 4 substances

Back 4

Lipids
Vitamin A
Vitamin B
Glycogen

Front 5

Liver secretes this substance

Back 5

Bile

Front 6

Liver synthesizes 5 substances

Back 6

Fibrinogen
Globulins
Albumin
Prothrombin
Hepcidin

Front 7

Liver functions to detoxify metabolic wastes via ____ of ___ ____ to produce ____

Back 7

deamination
Amino Acids
Urea

Front 8

The liver also plays a role in the detoxification of ___-____ drugs, ____ substances, and ____ hormones.

Back 8

Lipid-soluble
Toxic
Steroid

Front 9

In conjunction with the spleen, the liver destroys spent ___ ___ cells.

Back 9

red blood

Front 10

Hemopoietic function in the liver is accomplished in the ___ and potentially in the adult.

Back 10

embryo

Front 11

Phagocytosis in the liver is accomplished by these cells.

Back 11

Kupffer

Front 12

General structure of the liver:
1. How many lobes?
2. What 2 things make up the stroma?
3. What makes up the parenchyma, and what are they divided into?

Back 12

1. 4 (lateral, medial, quadrate, caudate)
2. Liver capsule (Glisson's capsule) and Perivascular fibrous tissue (septa)
3. Hepatocytes divided into lobules

Front 13

What supplies 75% of blood to liver? Where does the blood come from?

Back 13

Portal vein from the GI and spleen

Front 14

What supplies 25% of blood to the liver?

Back 14

Hepatic artery brings highly oxygenated blood

Front 15

What is the venous drainage for the liver?

Back 15

Hepatic vein to caudal vena cava

Front 16

A classical liver lobule is defined by a ___ tissue border. It is formed by ____ ____, which are surrounded by ____. Sinusoids are merged into the ___ vein that is located in the center of the lobule. Blood flows from the ____ to the ____ of the liver, and bile flows from the ____ to the ____ periphery via bile ____.

Back 16

connective
hepatic plates
sinusoids
central
periphery to the center
center to the periphery
canaliculi

Front 17

These 3 things lie together in the portal area (stroma) to make up the portal triad:

Back 17

Bile duct
Portal vein
Hepatic Artery

Front 18

____ perform almost all of the functions of the liver. They have a high capacity for _____. They are commonly ___ cell thick with anastomosing branches of ____ ____. They are surrounded by ____.

Back 18

Hepatocytes
Regeneration
1
Hepatic Plates
Sinusoids

Front 19

These are discontinuous capillaries coming from the portal vein and hepatic artery, with pores in the endothelial cells.

Back 19

Sinusoids

Front 20

These are residential macrophages that phagocytose foreign particles and defunct cells in the liver.

Back 20

Kupffer Cells

Front 21

These are narrow spaces between hepatocytes and endothelial cells

Back 21

Space of Disse

Front 22

Spaces of Disse are supported by ____ ____ and limited ____ fibers. They are filled with ____, and hepatocytes form ____ to occupy most of the space.

Back 22

Reticular fibers
Collagen
Plasma
Microvilli

Front 23

Bile canaliculi are formed by the cell membranes of 2 opposing _____. They are sealed by the ____ complex.

Back 23

Hepatocytes
Junctional

Front 24

Bile canaliculi merge into the ____ of ____at the periphery of a liver ____. These, then merge into the ____ ____ ____.

Back 24

Canals of Herring
Lobule
Interlobular Bile Duct

Front 25

Blood flow in the liver:
* ____ a. and ___ v.
* ____ vessels at lobule ____
* ____
* ____ v.
* ____ v.
* ____ v.

Back 25

* Hepatic a. and Portal v.
* Terminal vessels at lobule periphery
* sinusoids
* Central v.
* Sublobular v.
* Hepatic v.

Front 26

Bile Flow in liver:
* Bile ____
* ____ of ____
* ____ bile duct
* ____ duct
* ____

Back 26

* Canaliculi
* Canals of Hering
* Interlobular
* Hepatic
* Gallbladder

Front 27

3 concepts of a liver lobule

Back 27

Portal lobule
Hepatic acinus
Classic lobule

Front 28

The hepatic acinus is defined by the concept of ____ ____. It is centered by the ____ ____. It is outlined by 2 ____ areas and 2 ____ ____.

Back 28

Blood Flow
Terminal vessels
Portal
Central veins

Front 29

This concept of a liver lobule is a histological structure. Blood flows to the center, and bile flows to the periphery.

Back 29

Classical Liver Lobule

Front 30

This concept of a liver lobule is defined by exocrine function. Here, bile flows to the center.

Back 30

Portal Liver Lobule

Front 31

This concept of a liver lobule is defined by blood flow. Blood flows from the center to the periphery. This is an important concept for hypoxic or toxic insults.

Back 31

Hepatic acinus

Front 32

The major products of the exocrine function of the pancreas (3)

Back 32

Pancreatic amylase
Lipase
Trypsin inhibitor

Front 33

Enzymes in the exocrine pancreas are in the ___ state (____ ____). They are activated in the ____.

Back 33

Pro
(Not Active)
Intestine

Front 34

Pancreatic stroma:
1. Holds ____ ____, ____ fibers, and ____.
2. This covers the surface of the pancreas.
3. This divides the parenchyma into lobules.

Back 34

1. Blood vessels, nerve fibers, and ducts
2. Capsule
3. Septa

Front 35

Pancreatic parenchyma:
1. Forms as the ____
2. Exocrine ____ ____ and ____ system
3. Endocrine ____ of ____

Back 35

1. Lobules
2. Glandular acinus and duct system
3. Islets of Langerhans

Front 36

Glandular Cells of the Exocrine Pancreas:
1. Located in the ____
2. Form the compound ____-____
3. Typical ___ gland
4. Acinar cells have a rich ___ in the base, and ___ granules in the apex

Back 36

1. Lobules
2. tubulo-acinus
3. serous
4. RER...zymogen

Front 37

The Duct System of the Exocrine Pancreas:
1. ____-acinar cells are located lin the ____ of the acinus and secrete ____
2. Intercalated ducts secrete ____
3. Intralobular ducts have no ___ membrane infoldings (____)
4. The ___ duct joins the ____ ____ duct.

Back 37

1. centro...lumen...bicarbonate
2. bicarbonate
3. basal (striations)
4. Main...common bile

Front 38

Control of Exocrine Secretion via 3 stimuli

Back 38

Distended pylorus
Peptones in duodenum
Acid pH in duodenum

Front 39

A distended pylorus activates this agent from the parasympathetic ganglion. This stimulates what cells? The Pancreatic secretion result is?

Back 39

Acetylcholine stimulates pyloric distention, which stimulates acinar cells for enzyme secretion.

Front 40

Agent for Peptones in the duodenum? This stimulates what cells? The Pancreatic secretion result is?

Back 40

CCK stimulates peptones in the duodenum, which stimulates acinar cells to secrete enzymes.

Front 41

What is the agent for acid pH in the duodenum? This stimulates what cells? What is the Pancreatic exocrine secretion?

Back 41

Acid pH in the duodenum activates secretin, which stimulates centroacinar cells of the intercalated duct to produce bicarbonate.

Front 42

The Endocrine Pancreas:
1. formed as spherical groups called ___ of ____
2. Scattered among the ___
3. Have rich, ____ capillaries
4. Formed by 5 types of cells

Back 42

1. Islets of Langerhans
2. Acini
3. Fenestrated
4. Alpha, Beta, Gamma, G, and PP cells

Front 43

Alpha cells in the Endocrine Pancreas secrete ___. They are located along the ____ in most animal species.

Back 43

Glucagon
Periphery

Front 44

Beta cells in the Endocrine Pancreas secrete ____. They are located along the ____ in most animal species.

Back 44

Insulin
Center

Front 45

Gamma cells in the Endocrine Pancreas secrete ____. They are located in the ____ of ____.

Back 45

Gomatostatin
Isltes of Langerhans

Front 46

Low blood glucose levels in the blood activate ____, which stimulates ____ target cells in the endocrine pancreas to ____ blood glucose..

Back 46

Glucagon
Alpha
Increase

Front 47

High blood glucose in the blood activates ____, which stimulates ____ target cells in the endocrine pancreas to ____ glood glucose.

Back 47

Insulin
Beta
Decrease