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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is life?
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Metabolism
Respond to stimuli Reproduction Evolve Growth & Development |
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Organic Compounds
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Carbon based
Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids |
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Themes in the study of life
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Life is hierarchal
Emergent Properties Relationship b/w Structure & Function Evolution |
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Hierarchy of Life
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Molecules
Organelles Cells Tissue Organ Organ System Organism Population Community Ecosystem Landscape Biosphere |
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Reductionism
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Whole= sum of all parts
Bottom Up approach Car- parts |
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Holism
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Whole more than sum of all parts
Top Down Approach NaCl |
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Matter
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anything that occupies space
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Mass
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measure the amt of matter in an obj.
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Atom
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smallest unit of matter that possess characteristics of particular element
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Element
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matter made up of 1 atom
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Nucleus composed of
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protons & neutrons
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Electrons are located
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in Electron cloud
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Proton, Neutron, Electron
Charge, Mass |
+1, 0, -1
1dalton/amu, 1, neglibile |
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Electrostatic attraction
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unlike charges
+ & - |
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electrostatic repulsion
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like charges
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Energy shells
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3D shell around nucleus
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Orbital
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subshell of energy shell where e- spends most of its time
1s, 2s, 2p |
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Elements that m/u
96% of majority living matter |
ONCH
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11 elements that m/u living things
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Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sodium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine, Potassium, Calcium
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Isotopes
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atoms of the same element that differ in Atomic mass
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11 essential elements
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H, C, N, O, Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K, Ca
1, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20 |
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Stable Isotope
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means valence shell is complete, can not chg into another element
12C6, 13C6 |
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Unstable Isotope
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Can change into another element, Radioactive 14C6
Valence shell is not filled |
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Atomic mass
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average wt. of all isotopes in PT
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Half-life
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amt. of time it takes 1/2 the parent element to decay to its dtr. element
5,730 |
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Compound
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consist of 2 or more elements, ionic bond
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Molecule
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same elements covalently bonded
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Valence shell
Valence electron |
Outermost shell, e- on the outermost shell
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Noble gases
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SNOBS, stable all the time, valence shell is complete
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Covalent bond
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sharing of e-, strongest bond
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Non polar
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equal sharing of e-, electronegativity is 0
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Polar
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unequal sharing of e-, electronegativity is less than 2
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Ionic bond
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e- transferred from 1 atom to another; electronegativity greater than 2
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Cation
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positive charge, less e-, e- taken away
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Anion
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negative charge, more e-, added an e-
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Ionic compounds
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substances held together by electrostatic interactions called ionic bonds---SALTS
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Hydrogen Bond
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Intermolecular bond, electrostatic attraction b/w s- & s+ end; SNO
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Van Der Waals
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weakest interaction, electrostatic interactions b/w e- clouds of 2 interacting atoms
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Dipole Moment
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charge(+/-) difference b/w 2 atoms sharing e-
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Name types of bonds & order from strongest to weakest
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Covalent(Triple, Dbl, Sngl, Polar, Non Polar), Ionic, Hydrogen, Van Deer Waals
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Molecular formula
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shows atoms & proportion
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Structural formula
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shows atoms & bonds
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High specific heat
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degree to raise temp 1gm H2O by 1degree Celsius
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Boiling Point/Freezing Point
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BP 100*C/212*F
FP 0*C/32*F HBT 98.6*F, 37*C |
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Physical states of matter
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Solid, Liquid, Gas, Plasma
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Solid
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remain in fixed position-Ice
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Liquid
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increase molecular motion, no fixed shape, fixed vol.
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Gas
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max molecular motion, no fixed shape, or volume
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Adhesion
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H2O sticking to other surfaces, 2 charge capabilities attached to H2O molecules
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Cohesion
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H2O to H2O
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Solute
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Substance being dissolved
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Solvent
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Liquid dissolving the substance
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solution
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liquid mixture of solvent/solute
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which is more dense?
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Ice is less dense than water
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Molarity
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6.02x10 23 in 1 L of solution (Avagardos #)
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