Atypical Child Anxiety Chap. 8

Front 1

Mania

Back 1

an abnormally elevated mood

Front 2

euphoria

Back 2

exaggerated sense of well-being

Front 3

Depressive ruminative style

Back 3

focus narrowly on negative events for long periods

Front 4

depressogenic cognitions

Back 4

Negative perceptual and attributional styles and beliefs associated with depressive symptoms

Front 5

hopelessness theory

Back 5

depression prone individuals tend to make internal, stable, and global attributions to explain the causes of negative events

Front 6

negative cognitive triad (3)

Back 6

-negative views about oneself
-negative views about the world
-negative views about the future

Front 7

Negative cognitive schemata

Back 7

stable structures in memory that guide information processing, including self-critical beliefs and attitudes. These are rigid and resistant to change

Front 8

Diathesis-Stress Model

Back 8

Depression can be a direct reaction to the occurence of stress-ful life events. Second the impact of stress may be moderated by individual risk factors such a genetic risk

Front 9

Anhedonia

Back 9

a loss of interest in nearly all activities and little joy is felt in anything

Front 10

dysphoria

Back 10

prolonged bouts of sadness

Front 11

Mood Disorder

Back 11

Any psychological disorder in which a disturbance in mood is the central feature

Front 12

MDD

Back 12

Sadness and loss of pleasure and irritability lasting at least 2 weeks

Front 13

DD

Back 13

Symptoms of lasting for 1 year or longer with somatic symptoms

Front 14

BD

Back 14

Periods of unusually elevated, euphoric or irritable mood alternating with one or more depressive episodes

Front 15

Depression and Development in Infants

Back 15

passive and unresponsive; stunted growth; irritable; delays in development

Front 16

Depression and Development in School age

Back 16

argumentative and combative; anhedonia; fatigue; express sadness

Front 17

Depression and Development in Preschooler

Back 17

withdrawn and inhibited; tired; motor retardation; weight loss; express sadness

Front 18

Depression and Development in Teen

Back 18

guilt and hopelessness; rage; low self-esteem; suicidality

Front 19

Depression Symptom

Back 19

feelings of sadness, they are temporary and by themselves do not indicate a problem

Front 20

Syndrome

Back 20

a group of depression symptoms occurring more often than chance would allow, can occur following certain life events like loss

Front 21

Disorder

Back 21

When a group of symptoms are accompanied by sleep disturbances, hopelessness or somatic complaints and persist over a period of 2 weeks (MDD) to 1 year (DD)

Front 22

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Back 22

In order to meet the criteria for MDD the client must have experienced one major depressive episode (episodic MDD) or two or more (recurrent MDD)
with NO manic episode & no better accounted for diagnosis

Front 23

DSM criteria for MDD in children

Back 23

Note: In children and adolescents, can be irritable mood.

Note: In children, consider failure to make expected weight gains.

Front 24

Child Onset MDD and Expected Outcomes

Back 24

Children diagnosed with MDD are more likely to be diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder later on

Early onset MDD is harder to treat than the adult version

Early onset MDD typically is a diagnosis of episodic MDD but will usually develop into the recurrent form

Front 25

MDD Comorbitidy and Prevalence

Back 25

90% of kids with MDD with have a co-occurring disorder
anxiety disorders
dysthymia
conduct problems
ADHD
substance use disorder

Front 26

Dysthymic Disorder (DD)

Back 26

Chronic, depressed mood, most of the day, most days, for at least 1 year

Usually fewer and less serious symptoms than depression

Front 27

DSM Criteria for Dysthmia

Back 27

A) Depressed mood for most of the day, more days than not, for at least 2 years. (In children and adolescents, the mood may be irritable, and the duration of the condition must be for 1 year or more.)

Front 28

Double Depression

Back 28

Occurs when a child with diagnosed dysthymia experiences a major depressive episode

Front 29

Associated Characteristics of Depressive Disorders

Back 29

Academic problems, cognitive disturbances, unstable self-esteem, social difficulties, poor relations

Front 30

Cognitive theory of depression

Back 30

“Depressogenic” cognitions
depression-prone individuals tend to make internal, stable, and global attributions for the cause of negative events (opposite for positive)

Front 31

Beck’s cognitive model:

Back 31

negative automatic thoughts

negative outlook regarding oneself, the world, and the future (“cognitive triad”)

negative cognitive schemata (e.g., self critical)

Front 32

Common Components of Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment (CBT)

Back 32

Self-monitoring
Challenging automatic thoughts
Cognitive restructuring
Self-reinforcement
Activity scheduling
Realistic goal setting