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430 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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…. convention in …(yr) is the legal foundation of ICAO
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Chicago Convention (1944)
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Article 1:
every state has … and ……. to its …… over its ….. |
complete / exclusive right
airspace / territory |
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Article 2:
… ensures the AC is …. and …. |
PIC
airworthy / duly registered |
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Tokyo Convention is about
…………... |
Offenses committed onboard AC
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Tokyo Convention is with regard to … law and defines the …. of the AC's ….
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penal
powers / captain |
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ICAO is an administration of …. convention that applies …. and ...
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Chicago
common rules / min STDs |
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SARPs is provided by …
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ICAO
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ICAO assembly is every .. years
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3
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ICAO council is the …. and includes … contraction states
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permanent body
33 |
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ICAO annexes
1 |
Personal Licensing
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ICAO annexes
2 |
Rules of the Air
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ICAO annexes
3 |
Met service
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ICAO annexes
4 |
Aeronautical Charts
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ICAO annexes
5 |
Units and measurements
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ICAO annexes
6 |
Operation of AC
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ICAO annexes
7 |
AC nationality and registration marking
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ICAO annexes
8 |
Airworthiness of the AC
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ICAO annexes
9 |
Facilitation
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ICAO annexes
10 |
Aeronautical Telecommunication
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ICAO annexes
11 |
Air Traffic Control Service
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ICAO annexes
12 |
Search and Rescue
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ICAO annexes
13 |
Accident investigation
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ICAO annexes
14 |
Aerodromes
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ICAO annexes
15 |
Aeronautical information service
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ICAO annexes
16 |
Environmental protection
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ICAO annexes
17 |
Security
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ICAO annexes
18 |
Dangerous Goods
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IATA
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International Air Transport Association
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IATA mission is to …. , … and … the airline industry
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represent
lead serve |
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IATA's main aim is to provide …….. to ……..
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safe and sucre transportation
PAX |
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IATA Loc ID :
ICAO Loc ID: |
3 letters
4 letters |
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First Five Freedoms
1st |
to overfly a country without landing
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First Five Freedoms
2nd |
to stop in a country for refuel and maintenance
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First Five Freedoms
3rd |
to carry PAX/ cargo from one's own country to another
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First Five Freedoms
4th |
to carry PAX/ cargo from another country to one's own
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First Five Freedoms
5th |
to carry PAX/ cargo from one's own country to a 2nd country and then to a third
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Rome convention
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damgas to people/properties on the ground
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Airworthiness of large AC is regulated by
ICAO … JAA … FAA |
ann 8
JAR 25 FAR part 25 |
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Operations of large AC is regulated by
ICAO … JAA … FAA |
ann 6
JAR OPS 1 FAR part 121 |
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JAA is a body of ...
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European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC)
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JAA represents ...
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EU's CAA's
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Types of operations : VFR
AC to …….. from ……... |
maintain prescribed distance
cloud and vis |
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Types of operations : IFR
AC equipped with …. and ….. appropriate to …… at conditions less than |
suitable flight / NAV instruments
Rout to be flown VFR |
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Operations Manual
contains … and …. necessary for ….. to perform ….. |
information / instructions
personnel their duties |
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SOP
Gives … to ….. in the … of the AC |
direction
crew members normal operations |
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AC Flight Manual
a legal document and part of … , …. required to comply with |
certification of airworthiness
pilot |
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AC Flight Manual includes (3)
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requirements
procedures limitation |
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Airport Operations
LASHO is …. requires ….. and ... |
Land & Hold Short
Aircrew training / company approval |
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Airport Operations
SIMOPS allows ……….. or ……... |
closely spaced parallel approach
parallel staggered approach |
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SIMOPS
Dependent approach vs. radar separation |
no radar separation required
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SIMOPS
Independent approach vs. radar separation |
radar separation required
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parallel dependent approach
Rwy centerline spacing ... |
≥ 2500 ft
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parallel dependent approach
should be …. |
staggered
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parallel dependent approach
Final monitor controler? |
not required
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Simul. parallel ILS approach
Rwy centerline spacing ... |
≥ 4300 ft
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Simul. parallel ILS approach
Final monitor controler? |
required
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Simul. parallel PRM app
Rwy centerline spacing ... |
< 4300 ft
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Simul. parallel PRM app
Final monitor controler? |
required
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Type of parallel approach @w
Precision Rwy Monitor required |
Simul. parallel PRM app
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SODROPS ?
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Simultaneous opposite Direction
Parallel Rwy Operations |
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SODROPS
arriving AC … departing AC ... |
approach and land on one Rwy
from parallel Rwy opposite dir. |
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LROPS ?
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Long Range Operations
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LROPS is applicable to … AC
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both twin and more engine AC
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LROPS requires (4)
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engine liability
system source redundancy crew training monitoring progress |
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ETOPS fuel requirement allow for … or …. at …...
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Pressure
pressure + engine failure critical point |
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90 minutes rule
ICAO rule at 1950s Recommend AC ….. within ….. of …… at ….. engine speed |
could fly / 90 min
suitable AP / two |
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Adequate AD vs. Suitable AD
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Suitable AD is and AD which is
@ time of arrival adequate , and above operation minima |
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Alternate AD :
AC may proceed to if it's …. or … to …. or …. at the AD of intended landing |
imposible / inadvisable
proceed / land |
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T.O. alternate is for when … at … is below ……….
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weather
departure airport IFR landing minima |
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T.O. alternate
should be within ……. or ……. at ……..speed |
one hr flying time for single eng
2 hr flying time for 3/more eng one eng inop cruise |
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T.O. alternate
is and AD the AC can land …… if …... |
shortly after T.O.
not posible to departure AD |
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Enroute alternate AD
for normal : for emergency : |
operationally acceptable
any suitable |
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Enroute alternate AD
Met conditions permit … at … |
landing -/+ one hr ETA
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Enroute alternate AD
should be within …….. at ……..speed . |
one hour flight time
still air one eng inop cruise |
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Polar routs requires …. from authorities
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specific approval
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How CAT I to CAT II minimums ?
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HUG
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ILS CAT II minimums
ICAO |
DH → 200 to 100 ft
RVR → ≥ 350 m |
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ILS CAT IIIA minimums
ICAO |
DH → 100 to 50 ft
RVR → ≥ 200 m |
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ILS CAT IIIB minimums
ICAO |
DH → 50 to 0 ft
RVR → ≥ 50 m |
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ILS CAT II minimums
ICAO |
DH → 0 ft
RVR → 0 m |
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For ILS CAT II/III
…. and … should be certified and operational. |
AC's II/III system
Rwy's gnd II/III equipment (also protected) |
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For ILS CAT II/III
Weather minima should be above approach ban before ... |
final approach
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For ILS CAT II/III
alternate AD weather should be at or above |
CAT I minima
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For ILS CAT II/III
… Rwy width required |
45 m
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The quantities known as weather minima
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DH / MDA
RVR / Vis |
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DH is the .. height above ...
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Wheel
Rwy elevation |
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Go around must be initiated at DH unless …… is stablished And …. is visually satisfied
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adéquate vis refrence
position / approach path of AC |
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DH is the higher of … or ….
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OCH
Precision approach minima |
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you can commence the approach regardless of ….
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RVR
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After commencing the approach if weather goes below minima
you can't go past … , … or ... |
OM
FAF 1000 ft above AD |
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If weather goes below minima past the FAF/ ...
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...
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Alert height is a specified Rad Alt height based on …. and ….
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AC characteristic
its fail operational landing system |
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Alert height
is used to CAT … ILS @W failure of the required redundant op system : above : … below : … |
go around
continue |
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MABH?
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Minimum approach brake height (rad alt)
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MABH is the lowest height of … at ….. without external reference
@w AC will not ….. or at engine failure …. would be improbable |
wheels
go around touch the ground accident |
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Monitored approach has
a …... |
positive role reversal
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At Monitored approach
one pilot … and expects …. while the other ….. and expects ... |
flies the approach
a go around monitors to get required vis ref landing |
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ILS approach requirement (2)
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cleared for the approach
within 5 deg @ LOC (½ scale) |
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Glide Slope interception Distance
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Height ÷ ( GS angle x 100)
=NM |
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Glide Slope interception
Height |
Distance (nm) x GS angle
x 100 |
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Glide Slope angle from Gradient
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Gradient % x 0.57
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ROD @ 3 deg GS =
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5 x Ground Speed
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ILS Marker Beacon Colors
OM … MM … IM ... |
Blue
Amber White |
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ILS Marker Beacon Pitch
OM … MM … IM ... |
low
med hi |
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ILS Marker Beacon Morse
OM … MM … IM ... |
_ _ _ ( O )
_ . _ . ( C ) . . ( I ) |
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OCH
is the …. above … to establish ……… approach minima |
lowest height
Rwy threshold / AD obstacle clearance criteria |
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OCH ≤ ...
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CAT II minima
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OCH is used to establish ….. and … minima
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CAT I
CAT II |
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CAT III does not use OCH bcz it is @ ….. @ approach or go around
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OFZ
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OFZ is to protect …. and ...
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approach
bulked landing |
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OFZ is a volume of …. @ immediate …. of ...
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airspace
vicinity Rwy |
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Steep approach operations
has a SH of and … Vs at approach |
35 - 50
higher |
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LVPs ensure ….. are kept inform of the situation
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pilots
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LVP criteria: (3)
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Ceiling ≤ 200
RVR ≤ 600 m Rapid weather deterioration |
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Extra operations @ LPV :
one ….. @ Rwy AC should report …. to ATC …. holding point should be av. |
entry/exit point
vacated CAT II |
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LVTO
when? |
RVR ≤ 400 m
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LVTO @ night
min lighting required |
Rwy edge light & end light
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LVTO criteria
… in force …… Rwy lights …. ….. available from CP @ start . T.O. …. within …. |
LVP
Hi intensity 90 m alternate > 1hr(2eng)/2hr(more) single eng flight time |
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MLS allows for ….. or ….
and hence does not have a defined …... |
varied / cured approach path
centerline / GP |
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MLS is not susceptible to ...
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terrain interference
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MLS uses the … technique @w
signals sent as ….. with each one having its unique ... |
multiplexing
block sequence ID |
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MLS has 2 ….
one for …. and one for …. |
2
Azimuth Elevation |
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The Azimuth Tx of MLS
is a …. scans …… upto a rang of ... |
continuos beam
40 deg either side 20 nm |
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the Elevation Tx of MLS
scans ….. using ….. |
up / down
time intervals |
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MLS is also coupled with a …. that ranges upto
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Precision DME
20 nm |
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Direction Finding
used arial @ … band |
VHF
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Direction Finding
princ of operations : |
sensing Radio wave Tx direction
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Direction Finding
provides …… info as direction |
bearing
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QDR
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Magnetic bearing from station
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QDM
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Magnetic bearing to station
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QUJ
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True bearing to station
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QTE
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True bearing from station
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Types of DF (2)
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VDF
QGH let down |
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VDF
is by … using …. giving … to pilot pilot is responsible for …. & ... |
ATC / DF
QDM Navigation and descend |
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QGH let down
Using … ATC gives …. & ….. adjusting for …. Controller is responsible for …and ... |
DF
HDG / descent instruction drift navigation |
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SRA or …
is a … approach |
Surveillance Radar Approach
non Precision approach |
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At SRA
the controller provides guidance in the form of …. to maintain the inbound track …. for the approach …… reference range |
Tracking guidance(HDG)
descent point advisory height |
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AT SRA
The controller can only see the AC's… Using a … unit aligned with ... |
lateral position
Ground radar Rwy |
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AT SRA
… is responsible for vertical navigation |
pilot
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PAR or ….
has a system minimums of ... |
Precision Approach Radar
200 ft MDH |
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At PAR
controller gives …... |
voice interaction in both vert and horizontal
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MSA @ approach charts
provides @L … clearance |
1000 ft vertical
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MSA @ en rout charts takes the … and is … corrected
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most restrictive
temp |
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SSA is similar …
based on ………. provides extra …. round each sector |
MSA
AD ref point 5nm |
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MOCA is …..
= ………… + ……….. |
min obstacle clearance altitude
max trn/man made obstacle elev + clearance ( Auth) |
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MOCA takes into account … nm either side of the track and round the fix
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10
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MEA is ….
Its a ….. within ….. |
min enruote altitude
safe altitude / airway |
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MEA is …nm either side
and is a minimum alt @w …. is guaranteed |
5nm
Radio Reception |
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Minimum Vectoring Altitude
is for … with …. and ... lower than MEA/MOCA |
ATC / Radar
may be |
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Minimum Vectoring Altitude
provides … / ... clearance |
1000 @ non mount
2000 @ mountainous |
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SID is ….
transfers form …. to …. |
STD instrument departure
terminal / en rout Phase |
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STAR is …
transfers form …. to …. |
STD Arrival Rout
en rout / approach phase |
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Quadrantal rule @ ….
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below FL 245
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Semi circular rule @ ...
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above FL245
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Quadrantal rule:
Levels |
O / O + 500
E / E + 500 |
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Quadrantal rule:
min separation of …. usually …. |
500
1000 ft |
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Semi circular rule
… and non …. |
RVSM
RVSM !! |
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Semi circular rule
levels |
east > odd
west > even upto FL290 @ w 4000 interval only odd |
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RVSM operations is in the rang of FL … to FL ...
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FL290
FL410 |
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MASPS?
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Min avionics system performance STD
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RVSM equipments (4)
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2 prim altimeter
1 auto altitude control system(AP) 1 altitude alerting device transponder |
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altimeter cross check technique
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min @ one hour internals
within -/+ 200ft |
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max allowable overshoot/undershoot of assigned level is ...
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150 ft
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Altimeter check @ ground
mains: main STB: QNH: |
within 50 ft
max difference 150 ft within 75 elev |
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Transition altitude
at or below …. controlled by ... |
transition level
MSL Pressure |
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Airway min altitude
|
1000 ft
above highest obstacle within 15 nm of arway centerline |
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Airway min altitude
gives and obstacle clearance of at least ... |
1500ft
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Min altitude rules
VFR @ cities |
≥1000ft
2000ft radius |
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Min altitude rules
VFR @ elsewhere other than cities |
500ft
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Turn Rates
Rate one is … per second … per minute … per 2 minute |
3 / S
180 / min 360 / 2min |
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Turn Rates
Rate 2 is … per second … per minute |
6 / S
360 / min |
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Turn Rates
Rate 3 is … per second … per minute |
9 / S
540 / min |
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@ constant AOB
AS vs. T.radius ? |
proportional
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@ constant AS
AOB vs. T.radius ? |
i-proportional
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Area Navigation
its a …… Nav system uses …………………… or a combi to calculate …. |
onboard
VOR/DME - DME/DME INS/IRS - LORAN C or GPS position |
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MNPS is detailed in ICAO Doc no. ….
|
7030
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RNP or …
is ICAO Doc ... |
required navigation performance
9613 |
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RNAV allows
…. @ ….. using …… not ……. |
navigation / desired paths
lat/long aids |
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AC @ RNAV must remain
within ……. at …... |
required Nav performance containment area
at least 95% of flying time |
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P-RNAV is ….
uses RNP …. meaning ……. @ …... |
Precision RNAV
1 within 1nm of ind. position 95% of flying times |
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P-RNAV is used at ….
and requires ... |
terminal areas
dual system |
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BRNAV is ….
uses RNP …. meaning …..@ …. |
Basic RNAV
5 within 5nm of ind. position 95% of flying time |
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BRNAV requires … system
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single
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RNP 4 is used for …/... areas
and ….. horizontal separation |
oceanic / remote
30 |
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RNP 10 is used for .../... areas
and …. horizontal separation |
oceanic / remote
50 |
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Ultimate responsibility of collision avoidance is on the ...
|
AC's captain
Regardless of ATC Clearance |
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Constant relative bearing indicates ….
|
definite collision risk
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Converging AC @ same alt
AC on … has the right of way give way by …. and ….. |
right
turning right passing behind opp AC |
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AC with right of way is to …. and ...
|
maintain his speed and course
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AC to give way:
powered to …. flying machine to …. |
towing objects
airships / gliders. / balloon |
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AC to give way:
Airships to …… and …. |
gliders
ballons |
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AC to give way:
Glider to ….. |
balloon
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@any time overtake by … and
…. |
turning right
keeping right of the other AC |
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@ overtaking
the … has right of way |
overtaken
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Right of way @ ground
AC at ground to ….(3) |
take offs/ landings/ towing
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Right of way @ ground
head on ... |
both to right
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Right of way @ ground
converging : |
stop
turn bass behind |
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overtaking @ ground
|
turn left until well clear
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Chain of priority @ aerodrome
|
landing
to taking off to towing to taxing to other veh's |
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2 AC @ approach to land
the …. has the right of way |
lower AC
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Nav green light is on the … wing
and visible through … deg. |
right
110 |
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the steady tail white light is visible through … deg
|
140
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anti coll. light
it's … at …. (status and dir) |
flashing / all directions
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anti coll. light
should be operating when …. |
engines running
day or night |
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Hi intensity white strobe lights should be on when
|
airborne
entry to Rwy (airmanship) |
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Failed Nav/anti coll @ night
action ? |
at ground : can't dispatch
at flight : land as soon safe and possible unless auth by ATC |
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Tower lights to AC
Green? |
ground : go (T.O..)
flight : go (land) |
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Tower lights to AC
Red |
ground : stop
flight : stop (circle , give way) |
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Tower lights to AC
Flashing Green |
ground : cleared to taxi
flight : return for landing |
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Tower lights to AC
Flashing Red |
ground : clear landing area
flight : unsafe , don't land |
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Tower lights to AC
Flashing white |
ground : go to start
flight : go to start |
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obstacle lighting
Above …. light : …. time: … at failure : ... |
150 m
Hi intensity flashing white day and night NOTAM |
|
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obstacle lighting
Between …. and ... light : …. time: … at failure : ... |
300ft to 150 m
med intensity flashing red only night No NOTAM |
|
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Mayday …
Pan ... |
distress
urgent massage to transmit |
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VFR & IFR conspicuity code
|
7000
2000 |
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transponder code 0033
|
AC at parachuting operations
|
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transponder code 0000
|
transponder malfunction
|
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readability
1 2 |
unreadable
now and then |
|
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readability
3 4 |
with difficulties
readable |
|
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readability
5 |
perfectly readable
|
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3 phases of SAR
|
Uncertaincy phase
Alert phase Distress phase |
|
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RFF or ….
is based on …… and …... |
Rescue and Fire Fighting
Facilities / man power av. type of AP operations |
|
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RFFS or ….
Requirements at ICAO ann… |
Rescue and Fire Fighting Service
14 |
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RFFS
is based on … and …. categorized … to … … being the lowest |
overall length / max fuslg wdth
1 - 10 1 |
|
|
ARFF or ….
Requirements at FAA … based on …. cats … to … … being the lowest |
part 139
AC length A - E A |
|
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wingtip vortecies vs. W.span
|
proportional
|
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|
wingtip vortecies start at…
end at …. |
rotation
nose wheel TD |
|
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ICAO Weight categories
H M L |
136,000 kg and above
136 000 kg -- 7000 kg 7000 kg and less |
|
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Departure Separation
for a L/M behind H is … minute @ same Rwy /crossing rwy … threshold …. less than … spaced … direction T.O. and landing |
2min
displaced parallel / 760m opposite |
|
|
Departure Separation
for a L/M behind H is … minute from intermediate part of : … Rwy or …. less than … spaced |
3min
same parallel / 760 |
|
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Arrival Separation
is applied to …. Rwy or ……. |
same
parallel space less than 760m apart |
|
|
Arrival Separation
non radar 3 time separation |
M → H ⇒ 2min
L → H ⇒ 3min L → M ⇒ 3min |
|
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Arrival Separation
radar (distance & time ) H → H |
4nm
no time |
|
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Arrival Separation
radar (distance & time ) M → H |
5nm
2min |
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Arrival Separation
radar (distance & time ) L → H |
6nm
3min |
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Arrival Separation
radar (distance & time ) L → M |
5nm
3min |
|
|
Arrival Separation
radar (distance & time ) other ... |
3nm
no time |
|
|
separations
minima's applied when : (2) |
directly behind
crossing behind @ same alt / 1000below |
|
|
PANS-OPS
|
Procedures for Air Nav Service
aircraft Operations |
|
|
ICAO Doc …. PANS-OPS
criteria defines … and ... |
8168
approach procedures segments |
|
|
Vat vs aircraft category
A: B: |
up to 91 kts
91 - 120 |
|
|
Vat vs aircraft category
C: D: |
121 - 140 kts
141 - 165 kts |
|
|
Vat is usually ...
|
1.3 Vs
|
|
|
IAP?
|
Initial Approach Fix
|
|
|
FAF is the start of ….. segment
Could be a …. or ….. |
final approach
locator / final approach distance |
|
|
FAF should be crossed … the specified altitude
|
at /above
|
|
|
System minimums (MDH)
Loc only |
250 ft
|
|
|
System minimums (MDH)
SRA @ ½ nm |
250 ft
|
|
|
System minimums (MDH)
SRA @ 1 nm |
300 ft
|
|
|
System minimums (MDH)
SRA @ 2nm |
350 ft
|
|
|
System minimums (MDH)
VOR |
300 ft
|
|
|
System minimums (MDH)
VOR / DME |
250 ft
|
|
|
System minimums (MDH)
NDB |
300 ft
|
|
|
Not below MDA unless ……..
|
at least ONE visible and identifiable element
|
|
|
Holding entry is based on …. with a tolerance of ….
|
magnetic heading (not track)
5 deg |
|
|
the 3 sectors @ holding is based on (2)
|
dir of IBT
imaginary line @ 70 deg to IBT |
|
|
Direct Entry
out of 30 @ holding side |
fly to fix
HDG 90 to IT for 5-15 sec turn OB |
|
|
Direct Entry
out of 30 @ non holding side |
fly to fix
Hold heading for 5-15 sec turn OB |
|
|
Holding AOB
|
the lesser of Rate one / 25
15 deg @ one eng inop |
|
|
If cleared for a procedure
you can ………….. conforming to … and …. requirements published for that procedure |
carry out complete procedure
Track / Altitude |
|
|
required calls @ holding
(3) |
dec @ holding pattern
time & altitude @ entering report leaving |
|
|
requirements for commencing an NDB approach (3)
|
cleared
be @ specified descent point within 5 deg @ final approach trk |
|
|
MAP @ NDB approach ?
|
missed approach point
|
|
|
MAP @ NDB approach
is defined by a …. a … or …. or a … from ….. or ... |
fix
distance / facility time / fix / start of descent |
|
|
@ NDB approach
if not visual by …. carry out missed approach |
MAP
|
|
|
if there is a turn in the missed approach @ NBD approach
you should pass … first and …. |
MAP
stablished @ climb |
|
|
Instrument approach segments
|
arrival
initial intermediate final missed approach |
|
|
Race track procedure is a kind of …. procedure
|
intermediate
|
|
|
Base turn
purpose: to …… the ….. @ …... |
position
aircraft instrument final approach |
|
|
A base turn is a …… pattern
at which the …. and …. are ... |
teardrop
IBT and OBT not reciprocal |
|
|
Procedure turn
purpose : to …… the ….. @ …... |
position
aircraft instrument final approach |
|
|
Procedure turn
2 types |
80/ 260
45/ 180 |
|
|
Procedure turn :80/ 260
fly the …. from …. ( ….) to ….. turn 80 deg ….. 260 immediate turn @ …. to …... |
OBT / fix / recip of approach trk
published distance or time off track opposite direction intercept IBT |
|
|
Procedure turn: 45/ 180
fly ….. from …. ( … ) to …… 45 deg …. for … min(A,B) … min(C,D) timing from …. or ….. 180 deg turn @ … to …. |
OBT / fix / recip of approach try
published distance or time off track 1 1.5 start of turn 45s from wings level opposite direction intercept IBT |
|
|
Procedure turn
is used when there is …. for ... |
no suitable fix
direct entry to approach proc. |
|
|
OB leg @ hold as :
Base turn if … by ... |
IB track same as approach trk
it's published OB extending to time/ dists. |
|
|
Gate one is … offset to ….
at ... |
30
recip of IBT Holding side |
|
|
DME ARC procedure
flown to …. |
intercept final approach trk
|
|
|
DME ARC procedure
is flown to … the ... |
intercept
final approach track |
|
|
DME ARC procedure
is flown maintaining 2 parameters : |
constant DME reading (within 2)
Aid @ constant 90 off AC hdg |
|
|
Obstacle clearance @ Circling approach (ICAO)
|
A,B → 295 ft
C,D → 394 ft |
|
|
STD Circuit Direction
|
left hand
|
|
|
Circuit height ?
|
Jet → 1500 ft
other → 1000 ft |
|
|
Stable approach is required by … ft
|
1000
(rad alt) |
|
|
Radar Control
is available when ….. exists @ CAS |
radar coverage
|
|
|
Type of Radar mgmnt
ATC responsable for separation |
Radar Control
|
|
|
Type of Radar mgmnt
ATC responsable for vectoring and Nav assistance |
Radar Control
|
|
|
Type of Radar mgmnt
ATC responsable for Weather info and hazard warning |
Radar Control
|
|
|
Type of Radar mgmnt
ATC responsable for Controlled AS crossing |
Radar Control
|
|
|
At Radar Control , instruction …. be adhered to &
Train clearance is the responsibility of …. |
should
commander |
|
|
At Radar Advisory, controller uses …. for
…. and …. |
Radio comm.
Traffic info advisory Avoiding Action(sep) |
|
|
At Radar Info , controller uses …. for
…. and …. |
Radio comm.
Traffic info ONLY NO advisory Action |
|
|
At Radar Vectoring,
the controller passes …. to achieve a … @ …. |
heading to steer
track ground |
|
|
Free Flight Concept
having the freedom to ……… @ ……. |
select paths and speed
real time |
|
|
ATM & FANS
|
ATM → Air Traffic Management
FANS → Future Air Traffic System |
|
|
At FANS
AC movement / separation is controlled over ….. with ….. |
large area
satellite using D.link |
|
|
Self Controlled collision avoidance @ FANS is provided by … and ….
|
TCAS
ADS.B |
|
|
ADS?
|
Automatic Dependent Surveillance
|
|
|
ADS operations is to constantly transmet ….. and ….. to ….
|
AC ID
position / speed / other info other aircraft |
|
|
ADS features :
coverage at …. it uses the …. band exceeds …. performance |
remote areas (no radar)
VHF TCAS II |
|
|
ADS types:
ADS-A |
addressed
|
|
|
ADS types:
ADS-B |
*Broadcast
*Broadcasts AC info autonomously *full FANS |
|
|
ADS types
ADS-C (2) |
Contact
info on demand |
|
|
Contains info about Aeronautical Facilities
|
NOTAM
|
|
|
Contains info about
Services & Procedures |
NOTAM
|
|
|
Contains info about
Hazards & timely knowledge |
NOTAM
|
|
|
NOTAM is required by people dealing with ...
|
flight operations
|
|
|
Contains notification about unserviceability of nave aids
|
NOTAM
|
|
|
NOTAM validity
|
less than 3 month
|
|
|
AIC?
|
Aeronautical Information Circular
|
|
|
AIC concerns ….. matters and provides ……..
|
administrative
advance warning of operations changes |
|
|
AIC published at … basis
|
monthly
|
|
|
AIP
|
Aeronautical Information Publication
|
|
|
AIP contains ….. info of a ….
essential to ….. |
Aeronautical
lasting character air navigation |
|
|
Info not qualifying for a NOTAM or AIP goes in ….
|
AIC
|
|
|
AIP parts (3)
|
GEN
ENR AD |
|
|
ATS?
|
Air Traffic Service
|
|
|
ATS provides 3 services
|
Area/App/AD control service
Flight info service Alerting Service |
|
|
AIRAC ?
|
Aeronautical Info Regulating & Control
|
|
|
AIRAC is based on ….
|
common effective dates
|
|
|
AIRAC provides ….. of …..
|
advanced notification
changes |
|
|
Flight Plan is a Doc
filed by … or … to …. containing …. of the ….. |
pilot/ dispatcher
Local CAA Basic info / flight |
|
|
Flight Plan is required for
flights within …. regardless of ... |
IFR control AS
VMC/ IMC |
|
|
Flight Plan is required for
flights at any CAS @ …….. |
IMC @ night
|
|
|
Flight Plan is required for
flights at … or crossing |
UIR
FIR |
|
|
Flight Plan is required for
… destination and max Weight above ... |
far
5700 |
|
|
Flight Plan is required for
flights intend to use …. service |
Traffic Advisory
|
|
|
Trip fuel contains (6)
|
T.O.
Clim / Cruise Descent / Approach / Landing |
|
|
Contingency fuel compensates for deviations in (3)
|
fuel consumption
met conditions rout/ level changes |
|
|
contingency fuel: the greater of
…. or …. at ….. at ….. at ….. |
5% of trip fuel
15 minutes of holding fuel 1500 feet flaps up the planned landing weight the destination. |
|
|
contingency fuel
if en-route alternates are available, the greater of : ….. or …. at …. at ….. at … or ….. from ….. to ….. |
>>3% of trip fuel
15 minutes of holding fuel 1500 feet flaps up the planned landing weight the destination, >>5% of trip fuel required abeam/overhead an en-route alternate the destination. |
|
|
Alternate fuel
Fuel required for … at …. hereafter to … , execute … and ... l |
missed approach
the planned destination divert to the alternate airport an approach landing. |
|
|
Final Reserve
…… @ … speed @ …. ft |
30 min
holding 1500 |
|
|
Additional Fuel
carried if there is no … consists of …. @ ... |
destination alternate
15min holding fuel 1500 |
|
|
Extra fuel is carried for ...
|
operational or economic reasons
|
|
|
Fuel for isolated airports includes an extra …..
|
2 hour cruise
|
|
|
no destination alternate required if (3)
|
flight time ≤ 6 hrs
two separate Rwy VMC @ MSA +/- one hr |
|
|
Decision Point Procedure
less … carriage |
contingency fuel
|
|
|
Decision Point Procedure
point to decide on …… or ... |
diversion to suitable AD
continue to destination |
|
|
…. is similar to DP procedure
is for isolated destination |
pre determined procedure
|
|
|
Fuel Howgoezit !!
……. check |
comparison
|
|
|
Fuel Howgoezit !!
comparing …. to ….. shows any … in ... |
actual remaining / planned remming
inconsistency / fuel burnt |
|
|
Demo'ed crosswind is @ ….
|
aircraft flight manual
|
|
|
… crosswind @ N.Hem is harder bcz wind … as you descend .
|
left
back |
|
|
Pilot @ control requirements:
…… @ all times + …. multipilot AC : … @ …. |
one pilot / lap belt
both / landing & T.O. |
|
|
net amount of Reverse Thrust is proportional to ...
|
speed
|
|
|
TOGA selection
A320 : B737: |
thrust levers to TOGA gate
TOGA switch @ levers |
|
|
Why descend earlier when heaver?
to maintain …… and not to ... |
shallower descent
overspeed |
|
|
lighter aircraft can descend … and ...
|
later
quicker |
|
|
If no FAF provided
final approach would be on ... |
end of procedure turn
|
|
|
Aeronautical light beacon @ AF
On @ … or … and @ …. |
night / day:bad vis
at airfield operation |
|
|
ID beacon @ AF
flashes ………. ... for civil … for military |
2 letter morse code AD id'er
green red |
|
|
AD beacon
flashes …. … or ... |
altering signal
G/G W/G |
|
|
Approach lighting
Extended centerline … lights …. @ … intervals |
white
crossbars 150/300 m |
|
|
Approach lighting
for CAT II/III … intensity … approach lights between crossbars prior to …. |
hi / red
TD zone |
|
|
Approach lighting
runway threshold lights are |
Green wing bar
|
|
|
TD zone lighting is for …
approach |
Precision approach Rwy
|
|
|
length of TD zone lighting determines the … to protect … below …. and ...
|
OFZ
CAT II / III DH go around |
|
|
TD zone lighting
… lights over the first …. of Rwy |
flush white setting
900m/3000ft |
|
|
Rwy lighting
REIL? |
Rwy End Id'er lights
|
|
|
Rwy centerline lighting
for … …. … lights |
Precision
white flushed |
|
|
Distance to Run lightings
lights : …….. distances : ….. |
alternate red and white
>> 2000 to 3000 ft all red >> last 1000 ft |
|
|
Rwy edge lights
…. Precision :replace by ….. @ ... |
white
amber @ last 2000ft/ ½ Rwy (lesser) |
|
|
Departure End lights are …in color
|
red
|
|
|
MEHT
|
Min Eye Height over Threshold
|
|
|
MEHT
lowest … over …. @w the …. will be seen . |
eye height
Rwy threshold on slope indicator |
|
|
VASI
|
Visual Approach Slope Indicator
|
|
|
2 bar VASI
2 … one above the other at … and … form threshold |
lights
150m / 300m |
|
|
3 bar VASI
for … Aircraft which only use the …. |
large
top two rows |
|
|
PAPI is located … from threshold
|
300m
|
|
|
PAPI
|
Precision Approach Path Indicator
|
|
|
Taxi Way edge lights
|
Blue
|
|
|
Taxi Way centerline lights
|
Green
|
|
|
Stop bar lights ...
leading on lights ... |
red across taxi way @ h.point
when stop light off |
|
|
Rwy guard lights
|
pair of flashing yellow lights
|
|
|
White cross @ Rwy means...
|
unsafe / closed
|
|
|
CAT I ILS holding point
|
one continuous yellow/blach on yellow
one broken in parallel |
|
|
CAT II ILS holding point
|
yellow train track type
|
|
|
CAT I holding markings defines
… and ... |
Rwy safety area
OFZ |
|
|
CAT II holding markings defines
… |
ILS critical area
|
|
|
lights indicating ILS critical
|
green and yellow centerline
|
|
|
Displaced threshold
…. at two direction …. at one direction only |
T.O.
landing (opposite direction) |
|
|
JAR-OPS
AD categories |
A
B C |
|
|
Rwy exit lights
(2) Based on ICAO Ann |
RET > Rapid Exit Turnout
HST > Hi Speed Turnout ann 14 |
|
|
approach speed minimum
|
Vref + 5 kts
|
|
|
Avoid storm cells
above …. by ….. nm blw … by … nm |
30,000
>15 - 20 >10 - 15 |
|
|
Flying through the middle of storm cell clusters :
danger of … and ... |
blind alley
windshear |
|
|
Dangerous goods
Agreed rules are published in ... |
ICAO Technical Instruction
|
|
|
Dangerous goods
Airlines use the … publication as it's accepted by …. and complies with ... |
IATA DG registration
ICAO tech instruction |
|
|
Classification of DG
based on … and …. class … to ... |
proper shipping name / UN no.
1 to 9 |
|
|
DG documentation
….. to captain |
special load note
|
|
|
NOTAC ?
info about ? |
Notification to Captain
type and loading position |
|
|
NOTAC contains (3)
|
AC/ flight No.
Ship name / UN no. amount / Weight / location |
|
|
DG accident ?!
|
Emergency resp. guidance
|
|
|
legal doc
for flight info record |
Tech Log
|
|
|
Tech log contains
|
cert. of airworthiness
maint. schedule deferred defection |
|
|
MEL allows for
… with …. for a …. …. …. under … ... |
operation / inop items
specified time limit certain conditions |
|
|
MEL
unserviceable equipment should have a ... |
placard
|
|
|
MEL CATs
A? B? |
A → time specified
B → 3 consecutive days |
|
|
MEL CATs
C? D? |
C → 10 consecutive days
D → 120 consecutive days |
|
|
more info of MEL at ...
|
DDPM
Dispatch Dev. Procedure Manual |
|
|
MEL restriction ≥ …
|
MMEL
|
|
|
CDL?
|
config deviation list
|
|
|
CDL allows aircraft operation without …..
|
a secondary airframe or engine part (static wicks )
|
|
|
Cabin Crew requirement
more than .. seats > one one for every ……… or …. |
19
50 PAX seat fraction of 50 |
|
|
Basic medical supply @ …
|
First Aid Kit
|
|
|
First Aid Kit
required numbers |
0 - 99 → 1
100 - 199 → 2 200 - 200 → 3 above 300 → 4 |
|
|
more advanced medical supply @ ...
|
Emergency medical supply
|
|
|
Emergency medical supply
is required for aircraft with more than …. ….. min normal cruise speed from AD with …….. |
30 seats
60 min expected medical assistance |
|
|
life required over ….
… min @ … speed or …. nm from …… at ….( engin) |
water
120 / cruise 400 / laudable land crit eng inop |
|
|
…. is required at areas with difficult SAR
|
Survival Equipment
|
|
|
aaproach at suspected W.shear
increase …. to compensate ... |
approach speed
los of energy |
|
|
Heavy rain @ Final Approach
be couscous of ... |
microburst
|
|
|
Dynamic Hydroplaning
…… @ Rwy … is completely ... |
steaming water
tyre/ lifted up |
|
|
Viscous Hydroplaning
very ……. of … |
thin layer
fluid |
|
|
Type of Hydroplaning persisting to much lower airspeed
|
viscous
|
|
|
smeared rubber deposits on TD zone contributes to … Hydroplaning
|
Viscous
|
|
|
Reverted rubber Hydroplaning
Type becomes …. … prevents contact. |
tacky
steam |
|
|
a long skid on wet Rwy will cause … type of Hydroplaning
|
reverted rubber
|
|
|
Hydroplaning
Dynamic proportional to → … Viscous proportional to → … |
fluid density
fluid viscousity |
|
|
Aquaplaning speed formula
|
to start:
rotating wheel = 9 √P(psi) locked wheel = 7.7 √P(psi) |
|
|
Aquaplaning Control
using ………. allowing wheel to push though …. |
anti skid braking system
water |
|
|
At icing conditions ,
check the ………… before T.O. |
wings free off snow
|
|
|
Type 1 anti ice fluid
Thickness and glycol content? |
unthickened
Hi glycol content |
|
|
Type one anti ice fluid
good but limited protection against …. |
refreezing
|
|
|
Type II anti ice fluid
Thickness |
thickened (thickening agent)
|
|
|
Type II anti ice fluid advantage over type 1
|
higher holdover time
protection against refreezing |
|
|
Don't use … @ tail plane icing
|
Flap
|
|
|
Expect engine icing @
Ground .. flight ... |
ground : OAT ≤ 10 C
flight : +10C ≥ TAT ≥ -40 C plus visible moisture |
|
|
Carb ice full icing probability range
|
-10 c
+30 c |
