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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Atom Structure |
Proton, Neutron, and Electrons |
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Proton |
subunits that are positively charged found within the nucleus of atom |
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Neutron |
subunits that are neutral in charge and found within the nuclues of atom |
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Electrons |
subunits that are negatively charged found moving in the energy shells around the nucleus |
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Ionic Bond |
formed by 1 atom losing an electron(s) to another. |
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Ion |
charged atom |
NaCl > Na+ Cl- |
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Cations |
positively charged ions |
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Anions |
negatively charged ions |
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Covalent Bonds |
formed when 2 or more atoms form a molecule by sharing elections |
this is the way Carbon binds together |
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Hydrogen Bonds |
more of an attraction than actual bonding |
important in DNA structure and bonding b/w water molecules |
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Chemical Reactions |
formation, rearrangement or breaking of bonds |
Metabolism
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Metabolism |
sum of all chemical reactions occuring in the organism |
2 subtypes: catabolism & anabolism |
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Catabolism |
reactions in which the chemical structures are broken down into smaller structures |
Ex. NaCl -> Na+ + Cl- |
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Anabolism |
reactions in which there is a combination of 2 or more chemical structures, making a larger structure |
Ex. Na+ + Cl- -> NaCl |
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Inorganic molecules |
are small in size and most will not contain Carbon |
include water, acids, bases and salts |
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Examples of Inorganic |
Water: H20 Acid: HCL -> H+ + Cl- Base: NaOH -> Na+ + OH- Salt: NaCl -> Na+ + Cl- |
Water Acid yields H ion Base yields OH ion Salt doesn't yield H+ or OH- |
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pH Scale |
measurement of the H+ concentration in a solution |
higher the concentration of H+, the more acidic the solution is greater of the concentration of OH-, the more basic (alkaline) the solution is |
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Scale Ranges |
0-14 0 = very acidic 7= neutral 14 = very basic |
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pH of blood |
b/w 7.35-7.45 |
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Acidosis |
results if blood pH drops below 7.35 |
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Alkalosis |
results if blood pH rises above 7.45 |
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Buffers |
substance that has capacity to maintain pH at a specific level |
Buffers within kidneys & lungs carefully regulate homeostasis of acid-base balance |
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Organic Molecules |
Contain Carbon/have covalent bonds |
5 major compounds that contain Carbon & Hydrogen: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids, and ATP |
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Carbohydrates |
Compounds made out of C, H and Oxygen |
Store energy |
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Monosaccharides |
simple sugars composed of 1 molecule. |
Primarily glucose, can move through cell membrane & be used by cell for energy. Ex. Glucose and Fructose |
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Disaccharides |
double sugars composed of 2 monosaccharides |
too large to move through cell membrane Ex. Sucrose (table sugar) and Maltose |
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Lipids |
will not dissolve in water |
composed of C, H and O |
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Triglycerides |
yields large amount of engery |
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