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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Periods
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horizontal rows of elements, elements in these are in different groups with different properties
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Average Atomic Mass
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Average of masses of all isotopes of that element that occur in nature
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Neutron
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particle that has 1 amu and no electric charge
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Atom
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smallest particle of any element, that has the properties of that element and has no charge (neutral)
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Groups
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another name for families of elements, the verticle columns of elements, have elements with similar properties and chemical reactions
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Transition Elements
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elements in middle of periodic table, periods 4-7
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Atomic Number
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# of protons in an atom
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Proton
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Particle that has 1 amu and a charge of +1
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Noble Gas
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elements of group 18 in this family
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Nucleus
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center of an atom and location of protons and neutrons that is very dense and has a positive electric charge, almost all mass of atom located in this
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Mass Number
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Total count of the neutrons and protons in an atom
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Isotopes
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Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, some elements only have one others can have many
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Metals
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elements found on left side of periodic table
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Metalloids
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elements bordering line dividing metals and nonmetals and have some properties of both metals and nonmetals
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Electron
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particles that move about the nucleus forming a cloud of negative charge, move at very quick speed, found in different energy levels, grouped in pairs
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Nonmetals
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elements on right side of periodic table, elements that usually have five or more electrons in outer energy level
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Electron Cloud
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region around the nucleus occupied by electrons with negative electric charge
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Periodic Table
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chart that shows the classification of elements
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Element
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substance that consists of only one kind of atom, cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical change
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Hydrogen
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lightest and most abundant element in universe
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Copper
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electrical wire often made from this element
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Symbol
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shorthand way to write the name of an element, sometimes taken from Latin name of element
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Electromagnetic Force
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force of attraction (opposite charges) or repulsion (like charges) that keeps the negative electrons near the positive nucleus in an atom
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Nuclear Force
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overcomes electromagnetic force of repulsion between the positive protons in the nucleus (it keeps the nucleus together)
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Quarks
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very small particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons, currently six different types known
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What determines the type of element?
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# of protons in nucleus of atom
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Electrons that are farther from the nucleus have _____ energy.
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more
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Amount of Electrons each energy level can hold
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1st- 2, 2nd- 8, 3rd- 18
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Factors that Determine an Element's Properties
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The # and arrangement of electrons in atom, # of valence electrons, period/group #
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AMU
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Standard atomic mass unit, a proton has +1, neutron has -1
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How # of neutrons in atom can be found
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by subtracting atomic # from mass #
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Ways to Write Isotopes
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Put mass # after name of element (or symbol, ex. Carbon 12 or C14), put mass # and atomic # with symbol (ex. 6 over 12 C, 6 over 14 C)
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Each box of periodic table represents & contains:
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Represents an element, in center- name and symbol, below name- atomic mass (listed as average of masses of isotopes), above name- atomic #
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In periodic table, elements listed in order of increasing ______ ______.
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atomic #
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Last Digit of group # represents: (excluding transition elements)
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the number of valence electrons (electron in outermost ring)
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Period # represents:
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the number of energy levels in an atom
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Metals characteristics
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have 3 or less valence electrons, good heat and electricity conductors
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Valence Electrons
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electrons in outermost energy level
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