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21 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Groups

Vertical columns on the periodic table

periods

horizontal rows on the periodic table

metals

largest group of elements on the periodic table


metalloids

elements with metal and non-metal characteristics

non-metals

elements in the far upper right of the periodic table

Alkali metals

elements in group 1 with one valence electron and are extremely reactive


Alkaline Earth Metals

elements in group 2 with 2 valence electrons and are very reactive

transition metals

elements in group 3-12 which have many useful properties

halogens

elements in group 17 known as "salt formers" with 7 valence electrons

Noble Gases

elements in group 18 are very unreactive, "inert", and have 8 valence electrons

atom

smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical identity of that element

neutron

subatomic particle with a charge of zero (neutral) and a mass of 1

nucleus

very small, very dense, positively charged center of the atom

proton

positively charged particle found in the nucleus

electronegativity

the ability of an atom to take an electron from another atom, strength of the nuclear attraction

electron

negatively charged, very small, fast orbiting particle found outside the nucleus

atomic number

number of protons (+) an atom has, determines atoms identity and placement on the periodic table

mass number (atomic mass)

number of protons (+) plus number of neutrons (+-)

orbital

region around the nucleus of an atom where an electron is likely to be found

ionization energy

the amount of energy needed to remove the outermost electron from an atom

valence electron

the outermost electrons (highest principal energy level) largely responsible for atoms bonding