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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the charge and mass of a proton? |
Charge: +1 Mass: 1 |
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What is the charge and mass of a neutron? |
Charge: 0 Mass: 1 |
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What is the charge and mass of an electron? |
Charge: -1 Mass: 0.0005 or negligible |
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Where are protons and neutrons found? |
They are found in the nucleus. |
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Where are electrons found? |
They are found in shells that surround the nucleus. |
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Why does an atom have a neutral charge? |
It has the same number of positive protons and negative electrons. |
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Does the nucleus of an atom have a charge? |
It is positively charged because the neutrons in the nucleus has no charge, but the protons do. |
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What is the structure of an atom? |
Every atom is has a nucleus that contains protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons. |
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What is the atomic number? What is it also called? |
The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. This is also called the proton number. |
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What is the mass number? What is this also called? |
The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom. This is also called the nucleon number. |
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Define isotope. |
Isotope are different atomic forms of the same element which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. |
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Which energy level is filled first? |
The innermost shell (lowest energy level) is filled first. |
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What is the maximum capacity for the first, second and third shell? |
First - 2 Second - 8 Third - 8 |
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Why will an element react readily? |
It only needs one electron to fill its outer shell. |
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Why are noble gases completely unreactive? |
They already have a full outer shell. |
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Why are alkali metals highly reactive? |
They can lose one electron to have a full outer shell. |
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What is electronic structure? |
The electronic structure of an atom is a description of how electrons are arranged. It can be shown as numbers or a diagram. |
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What are atoms made of? |
Atoms are made from subatomic particles. |
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What will all of atoms of an element have that will stay the same? |
The number of protons will stay the same because if the number of protons changes then your element has changed. Protons stay the same from atom to atom of an element, but neutrons and electrons change with isotopes and ions. |
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Why are noble gases unreactive? |
Their outer electrons don't interact with electrons from other atoms or ions because they have a stable arrangement of full valence shells. |
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Why are group 1 metals highly reactive? |
They all have one electron in their outer shell, meaning that they don't experience a large nuclear pull inwards and are therefore easily released. |
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Why is most of mass of an atom concerntrated in the nucleus? |
This is where the protons and neutrons are found and they both have a relative mass of 1. These are the heaviest so the majority for the mass is concerntrated there because electrons are nearly weightless and has a very small mass compared to protons and neutrons. |
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What is every substance made up of? |
Tiny particles |
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What is every substance made up of? |
Tiny particles |
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What can all different particles of substances be put into? |
Atoms,ions and molecules. |
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What is every substance made up of? |
Tiny particles |
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What can all different particles of substances be put into? |
Atoms,ions and molecules. |
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What is the significance of the noble gas electron configuration and valence electrons? |
Since all all of outer electrons have filled in the valence shell. It is stable and not charged. It is significant because it is the most stable condition for an atom, it cannot receive or give anymore electrons. They are inert gases and unreactive due to their full outer shell. |
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Name uses of noble gases |
Noble gases are often used in lighting. Argon is often used as a suitable safe and inert atmosphere for the inside of light bulbs. Neon is used inside lightning tubes and glows distinctive colours. Helium due to its nonreactivtity and lightness is used in blimps and balloons. Xenon is used in lights and lasers. Krypton is used in lights and photographic flashguns. |
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What does it mean if noble gases don't bond to other atoms? |
It means that their atoms couldn't combine with other elements to form chemical compounds. |
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What is the Plum Pudding model? |
J.J Thompson discovered the electron in 1897. He suggested that these electrons must be balanced by some sort of positive charge. He thought that these electrons were embedded in a sphere of positive charges. |
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What did Rutherfords experiment show us? |
Alpha particles were fired at a sheet of gold foil and this showed us that the atom has a tiny, dense positively charged core called the nucleus. Around the nucleus there were electrons. |
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What did Rutherfords experiment show us? |
Alpha particles were fired at a sheet of gold foil and this showed us that the atom has a tiny, dense positively charged core called the nucleus. Around the nucleus there were electrons. |
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What was the nuclear model/ scattering experiment? |
Alpha particles were fired at a sheet of gold foil . Most particles were observed to go straight through, implying that atoms have large amounts of open space. However when scattered at large angles, a few alpha particles came back to the source. They were deflected by the positive charge of the proton in the nucleus. |
