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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Radioactivity?
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the release of nuclear particles and energy.
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What is Alpha Particle Emission?
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2 protons and 2 neutrons are ejected from the nucleus; energy is also released.
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What is Beta Particle Emission?
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when a neutron splits into a proton and an electron; electron is ejected from the nucleus; proton stays in the nucleus; energy is also released.
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What is the equation for Alpha Particle Emission?
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subtract four from the atomic mass; subtract two from the atomic number.
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What is the equation for Beta Particle Emmision?
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atomic mass stays the same; add one to the atomic number.
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What is a Half-Life?
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the time it takes for 1/2 of a sample of an isotope to decay
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What is Isotopic Dating?
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the use of the 1/2 life of isotopes to date objects.
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What is Nuclear Fission?
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the splitting of an atom
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What is good about Nuclear Fission?
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vast quantities of energy produced; dosn't produce harmful particulate air pollution
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What is bad about Nuclear Fission?
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relies on harmful radioactive chemicals; loss of control leads to harmful radioactive exposure; produces radioactive waste; ex. Chernobyl.
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What is Nuclear Fusion?
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the combining of two atoms' nuclei.
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What is good about Nuclear Fusion?
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unsurpassed amounts of energy produced; doesn't produce harmful particulate air pollution; doesn't produce radioactive waste; relies on safe, nonradioactive elements.
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What is bad about Nuclear Fusion?
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technology needed to maintain the reactions is still in development.
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What do chemical formulas include?
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-symbols tell which elements are in a substance
-numbers indicate how many atoms or molecules *numbers in subscript- how many atoms of that element *numbers in front of molecule-how many particles there are of that substance. |
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What is a Chemical Bond?
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holds two or more atoms together
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What are the three types of Chemical Bond?
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ionic, covalent, and metallic bonds.
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What determines Bonding Behavior?
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the number of valence electrons determines how the element will combine with other elements.
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What is an Ion?
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an atom that is not neutral due to the lose OR gain of electrons.
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What is an Ionic Bond?
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a bond formed between oppositly charged ions because of electrostatic forces of attraction.
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What is a Covalent Bond?
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a chemical bond formed from atoms sharing electrons; happens when atoms don't "want" to gain or lose electrons.
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What is a Neutral Particle?
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when no charged particles (+ or-) are involved so the overall charge of a covalent bond is neutral.
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What is a Molecule?
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a particle formed from atoms in a covalent bond; the smallest component of a compound that still has the properties of that compound.
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What are the types of Covalent Bonds?
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polar and nonpolar covalent bonds
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What is a Polar Covalent Bond?
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electrons are NOT shared equally; atoms are different element = usually polar; these are the areas that electrons are most likely to be.
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What is a Nonpolar Covalent Bond?
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electrons ARE shared equally; all atoms have equal pull (equal # of protons); atoms are same element = nonpolar.
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What is a Metallic Bond?
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a type of Covalent bond where each atom contributes all the electrons in its valence shell to all the other atoms in the molecule.
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What is Activation Energy?
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the energy needed to begin the reaction.
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What is an Endotharmic Reaction?
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absorbs more energy; can tell by geting cool/cold; energy is written as a reactant.
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What is an Exothermic Reaction?
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more energy is released; can tell by getting warm/hot; energy is written as a product.
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What is a Chemical Equation?
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uses formulas to show what happens in a chemical reaction; made up of products and reactants.
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What are Products and Reactants?
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Reactants- "ingradients"; What is needed to make something.
Products- what is made; reactants make products. |
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How do you Organize a Chemical Equation?
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reactants on the left and products on the right; + sign separated two or more reactants/products; connected by arrow (read as 'produces').
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What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?
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chemical equations must be balanced because matter cannot be created or destroyed.
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