Atlantic Terms

Front 1

built a flourishing city-state, rejected Mail authority, Sunni Ali reigned, dominated Niger Valley, fell when attacked by Moroccan army

Back 1

Songhay Empire

Front 2

ruler of Songhay, instituted a hierarchy of command that turned his army into an effective military force, an imperial navy, extended authority to Sahara, Lake Chad and then the capital city of Gao

Back 2

Sunni Ali

Front 3

Portuguese’s’ name for the Kingdom of Ndongo

Back 3

Angola

Front 4

devout Roman Catholic and sought to convert his subjects, studied Bible and fasted

Back 4

King Afonso I of Kongo

Front 5

came from long line of warriors, led spirited resistance against Portuguese forces, aimed to drive Portuguese out of her land, expel the Dutch, and create a central African empire

Back 5

Queen Nzinga of Ndongo

Front 6

Muslim who practiced in north Africa and Arabia, led military campaigns to establish Islamic states

Back 6

Fulani

Front 7

Muslim merchants sought African slaves for sale and distribution across Mediterranean basin to port cities

Back 7

Islamic Slave Trade

Front 8

profitable commerce that undertook voyages of three legs, first started in Europe and was horses and manufactured goods, second was African slaves to Americas, third was American products back to Europe

Back 8

Triangular Trade

Front 9

slaves were forced to march to the coast and live in pens until a ship arrived to transport them across the Atlantic aboard terrible conditions

Back 9

Middle Passage

Front 10

an American crop brought about in mid-sixteenth century

Back 10

Manioc

Front 11

established by Spanish colonies, first was on Hispaniola island, extended to Mexico, provided sugar, tobacco, rice, indigo, cotton, coffee

Back 11

Planters/plantation

Front 12

published an autobiography detailing his experiences as a slave, accompanied his master on campaigns of the Seven Years’ War before he became free 1766, lobbied Parliament for anti-slavery movement

Back 12

Olaudah Equiano

Front 13

former slave, built strong army for Haitian Revolution on Saint-Dominque, issued constitution that granted equality

Back 13

Toussaint Louverture

Front 14

slaves attacked plantations and factories, French, British and Spanish troops intervened

Back 14

Resistance and revolt: Haitian Revolution

Front 15

French sugar colony that started a slave revolt, declared Independence from France, renamed as Haiti

Back 15

Saint Domingue

Front 16

English philanthropist elected to seat in Parliament, passed a bill to end the slave trade

Back 16

William Wilberforce

Front 17

northern victory in Civil War would entail changes in the South, signed by Abraham Lincoln

Back 17

Emancipation Proclamation

Front 18

African state that obtained firearms from merchants

Back 18

Asante

Front 19

captured slaves from neighboring societies to exchange for weapons

Back 19

Dahomey

Front 20

runaway slaves who built their own self-governing communities

Back 20

Maroons