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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Factors that contribute to mental health and developmental disorders in children and adolescents are not always easily diagnosed
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-Children don't have ability or necessary skills to describe what is happening
-Children demonstrate a wide variation of "normal" behaviors especially in different developmental stages -It is difficult to determine if a child's behavior indicates an emotional problem |
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When is a child's behavior problematic?
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When interferes w/home, school, and interactions with peers
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Behaviors considered pathologic when
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not age appropriate
deviate from cultural norms create deficits or impairments in adaptive functioning |
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Disorders that can appear during adolescence or childhood (6)
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-Mood disorders (major depressive, dysthymic disorder, bipolar, suicide)
-Anxiety disorder -Substance abuse - cigarettes, alcohol, illegal drugs -Eating disorderse -Behavioral disorders - ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder -Developmental disorders - autistic |
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Characteristics of good mental health for a child and adolescent include
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-Ability to appropriately interpret reality, as well as having a correct perception of surround environment
-Positive self-concept -Ability to cope w/stress and anxiety in age appropriate way -mASTERY OF developmental tasks -Ability to express oneself spontaneously and creatively -Ability to develop satisyfing relationships |
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General Risk Factors (6)
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Genetic, Biochem, social and environmental, cultural and ethnic, resiliency, occurrence traumatic events
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Genetic
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(schizo, bipolar, autism, ADHD, and cartain causes of mental retardation may be associated w/chromosomal abnormalities
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Social and environmental
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Severe marital discord, low socioeconomic status, large families and overcrowding, parental criminality, substance abuse, maternal psychiatric disorders, foster care placement, physical and sexual abuse, and traumatic life events
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Cultural and Ethnic
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Difficulty w/assimilatin, lack of cultural role models, and lack of support from the dominant culture can contribute to mental health issues
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Resiliency
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Ability to adapt to changes in enviro, form nurturing relationships, distance oneself from the emotional chaos of parent/family, and use problem-solving skills can help an at-risk child develop normally
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risk factors of childhood depression
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Family hx of depression
Physical/sexual abuse or neglect Homelessness Disputes among parents, conflicts w/peers or family, and rejection by peers or family Engaging in high risk behavior Learning disabilities Having chronic illness |
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An anxiety disorder exists when following occur
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Anxiety interferes w/normal growth and development
Anxiety so serious that child is unable to function normally at home, in school, and other areas of life |
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Separation Anxiety Disorder
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Excessive anxiety when a child is separated from or anticipating separation from home or parents. May develop into a school phobia or phobia of being left alone. Depression is also common.
May develop after a pecific stressor (death of relative/pet, an illness, a move, an assault) May progress to a panic disorder or specific phobias |
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PTSD
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Precipitated by experiencing or seeing a traumatic event
Children w/PTSD may have psychologic symptoms of anxiety, depression, phobia, or conversion reactions |
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PTSD + Children Phases
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Respond in precipitating phases
1. arousal that lasts a few minutes to hours followed by a period of about 2 wks in which child will attempt to deal with the event using defense mechanisms. Lat phase - lasting for a period of several months, is when child may have psychologic symptoms as attempts are made to cope w/event. Failure to cope can lead to obsession regarding the event If PTSD displayed externally = irritability, aggression w/fam and friends, poor academic performance, somatic reports, belief that life will be short, and difficulty sleeping |
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In children w/behavioral disorders - symptoms generally worsen in following:
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-situations that require sustained attention
unstructured group situations - playground or classroom |
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ADHD
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Inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity
inattention - e/b difficulty paying attention, listening, and focusing Hyperactivity - e/b fidgeting, an inability to sit still, running and climbing inappropriately, difficulty playing quietly, and talking excessively Impulsivity - e/b diff waiting for turns, constantly interrupting others, and acting without the consideration of consequences |
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tYPES OF ADHD
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Combined type - most common
ADHD predominantly inattentive ADHD predominantly hyperactive-impulsive |
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder - antisocial behaviors include:
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negativity, disobedience, hostility, defiant behaviors, stubborness, argument, limit testing, unwillingness to compromise, refusal to accept responsibility for misbehavior
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Contributing Factors of Conduct Disorder
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- parental rejection/neglect
- difficult infant temperament - inconsistent child-rearing practices with harsh discipline - physical or sexual abuse - lack of supervision - early institutionalization -frequent changing of caregivers -large family size -association w/delinquent peer groups -parent w/a history of psychological illness |
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Manifestations of Conduct Disorder
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-Demonstrates a lack of remorse or care for the feelings of others
-Bullies, threatens, and intimidates others - Believes that aggression is justified - Exhibits low self-esteem, irritability, temper outbursts, reckless behavior -May demonstrate signs of suicidal ideation - May have concurrent learning disorders or impairments in cognitive functioning -Demonstrates physical cruelty to others and/or animals -Has used a weapon that could cause serious injuries - Destroys property of others - Has run away from home - Often lies, shoplifts, and is truant from school |
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Autism
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-Complex neurodevelopment disorder believed to be of genetic origin with a wide spectrum of behaviors affecting an individual's ability to communicate and interact w/others. Cognitive and language development are typically delayed. Characteristic behaviors include inability to maintain eye contact, repetive actions, and strict observance of routines.
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