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60 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
CHAPTER FIFTEEN
(Ignore this card)
Describe the three clusters of personality disorders
(A) odd or eccentric; (B) dramatic, emotional, erratic; © anxious or fearful
Splitting is commonly associated with which disorder?
borderline personality disorder
Cluster A personality disorders
paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
Cluster B personality disorders
antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
Cluster C personality disorders
avoidant, dependant, obsessive-compulsive
Dialectical behavior therapy
a cognitive-behavioral therapy used for clients with borderline personality disorder; focuses on gradual behavior changes and provides acceptacne and validation for these clients, who are very frequently suicidal and have self-mutilating behaviors
CHAPTER SIXTEEN
(Ignore this card)
What are cognitive disorders characterized by?
the disruption of thinking, memory, processing, and problem solving
List some risk factors for cognitive disorders
physiological chagnes, family genetics, infections (HIV/AIDS), tumors, substance abuse, drug intoxication, drug withdrawal
What are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease?
advanced age, female gender, prior head trauma, family history of alzheimer's disease, trisomy (Down syndrome)
What happens to VS in delirium?
may be unstable and abnormal due to medical illness
What happens to VS in dementia?
stable unless other illness is present
What causes dementia?
generally caused by a chronic disease, such as Alzheimer's disease, or is the result of chronic ETOH abuse, may be caused by permanent trauma, such as head injury
List and describe the stages of Alzheimer's
(1) no impariment,
(2) very mild cognitive decline, which may be normal age-related changes, or very early signs of Alzheimer's disease,
(3) mild cognitive decline, including problems with memory or concentration that may be measurable in clinical testing or during a detailed medical interview,
(4) moderate cognitive decline that is clearly detected during a medical interview,
(5) moderately severe cognitive decline,
(6) severe cognitive decline,
(7) very severe cognitive decline

LOOK AT PAGE 142 in MH ATI BOOK FOR S/S OF EACH PHASE
Confabulation
the client may make up stories when questioned about events or activities that she does not remember - an unconscious attempt to save self-esteem and prevent admitting that she does not remember the occasion
Perseveratoin
the client avoids answering questions by repeating phrases or behavior - an unconscious attempt to maintain self-esteem when memory has failed
Amnestive disorder may be secondary to what?
substance abuse or another medical condition - there is normally no personality change or impairment in abstract thinking
Changes due to amnestic disorders include what?
decreased awareness of surroundings, inability to learn new information despite normal attention, inability to recall previously learned information, possible disorientation to place and time
What is the effect of estrogen therapy on Alzheimers?
may prevent it, but it is not useful in decreasing the effects of pre-existing dementia
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
(Ignore this card)
Substance abuse is diagnosed over how long?
12 months
Tolerance
the need for higher and higher doses of a substance to achieve the desired effect
Withdrawal
the stopping or reduction of intake that results in specific physical and psychological signs and symptoms
What defense mechanism is commonly used by clients who have substance abuse problems?
denial
Legally intoxicated is described as
Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of 0.08% (80g/dL)
Death from ETOH could occur at what levels?
levels greater than 0.35% (350 g/dL)
What are two serious effects of excess alcohol?
respiratory arrest and peripheral collapse
What are several effects of chronic alcohol?
direct cardiovascular damage, erosive gastritis, GI bleeding, acute pancreatitis
When do effects of ETOH withdrawal occur?
usually start within 4-12 hours of the last intake, peak after 24-48 hours, and then suddenly disappear
What are S/S of ETOH withdrawal?
abdominal cramping, vomiting, tremors, restlessness and inability to sleep, increased VS, and tonic-clonic seizures
ETOH withdrawal delirium may occur when?
2-3 days after cessation of ETOH
How long does ETOH withdrawal delirium last?
2-3 days
What are the S/S of ETOH withdrawal delirium?
severe disorientation, psychotic symptoms (hallucinations), severe HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias, delirium, may progress to death
What is the antidote to Benzodiazepine toxicity?
flumazenil (Romazicon)
What are the withdrawal S/S of Benzodiazepines?
anxiety, insomnia, diaphoresis, HTN, possible psychotic reactions, seizure activity
What is the antidote for barbiturate toxicity?
There is none
What are the milder S/S of barbiturate withdrawal?
the same as those seen in ETOH withdrawal
What are the severe S/S of barbiturate withdrawal?
possibly life-threatening convulsions, delirium, and cardiovascular collapse similar to that of ETOH withdrawal
What are the toxic effects of chronic cannabis use?
lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory effects; in high doses, paranoia
What are the withdrawal S/S of cannabis
depression, possibly
What are examples of cannabis
MJ or hashish, which is more potent
What are the S/S of mild cocaine toxicity
dizziness, irritability, tremor, blurred vision
What are the S/S of severe cocaine toxicity
hallucinations, seizures, extreme fever, tachycardia, HTN, chest pain, possible cardiovascular collapse and death
What are the S/S of cocaine withdrawal
depression, fatigue, craving, excess sleeping or insomnia, dramatic unpleasant dreams, psychomotor retardation or agitation
What are the S/S of amphetamine toxicity?
impaired judgment, psychomotor agitation, hypervigilance, extreme irritability, acute cardiovascular effects (tachycardia, increased B/P)
What are the S/S of amphetamine withdrawal?
craving, depression, fatigue, sleeping
What is the antidote for opioids
naloxone (Narcan) by IV
What are examples of opioids
heroin, morphine, hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
Opioid withdrawal causes an abstinence syndrome. What are the S/S?
begins with sweating and rhinorrhea progressint to piloerection (goosebumps), tremors, irritability followed by severe weakness, N/V, pain the muscles and bones, and muscle spasms. Lasats 7-10 days but not fatal
What are examples of inhalants?
amyl nitrate, nitrous oxide, solvents
What are the toxic effects of inhalants?
CNS depression, symptoms of psychosis, respiratory depression, possible death
What are the withdrawal S/S of inhalants
none
What are the examples of hallucinogens
lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline (peyote), phencyclidine piperidine (PCP)
What are the toxic effects of hallucinogens
panic attacks, flashbacks occurring intermittently for years
What are the withdrawal S/S of hallucinogens?
None
What medications are used for ETOH withdrawal?
valium, ativen, tegretol, catapres
What meds are used for ETOH abstinence?
antabuse, revia, campral
what meds are used for opioid withdrawal
methadone, catapres, subutex, buprenorphine + naloxone
What meds are used for nicotine withdrawal?
bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy