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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
CHAPTER FIFTEEN
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(Ignore this card)
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Describe the three clusters of personality disorders
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(A) odd or eccentric; (B) dramatic, emotional, erratic; © anxious or fearful
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Splitting is commonly associated with which disorder?
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borderline personality disorder
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Cluster A personality disorders
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paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
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Cluster B personality disorders
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antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
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Cluster C personality disorders
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avoidant, dependant, obsessive-compulsive
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Dialectical behavior therapy
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a cognitive-behavioral therapy used for clients with borderline personality disorder; focuses on gradual behavior changes and provides acceptacne and validation for these clients, who are very frequently suicidal and have self-mutilating behaviors
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CHAPTER SIXTEEN
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(Ignore this card)
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What are cognitive disorders characterized by?
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the disruption of thinking, memory, processing, and problem solving
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List some risk factors for cognitive disorders
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physiological chagnes, family genetics, infections (HIV/AIDS), tumors, substance abuse, drug intoxication, drug withdrawal
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What are risk factors for Alzheimer's disease?
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advanced age, female gender, prior head trauma, family history of alzheimer's disease, trisomy (Down syndrome)
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What happens to VS in delirium?
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may be unstable and abnormal due to medical illness
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What happens to VS in dementia?
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stable unless other illness is present
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What causes dementia?
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generally caused by a chronic disease, such as Alzheimer's disease, or is the result of chronic ETOH abuse, may be caused by permanent trauma, such as head injury
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List and describe the stages of Alzheimer's
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(1) no impariment,
(2) very mild cognitive decline, which may be normal age-related changes, or very early signs of Alzheimer's disease, (3) mild cognitive decline, including problems with memory or concentration that may be measurable in clinical testing or during a detailed medical interview, (4) moderate cognitive decline that is clearly detected during a medical interview, (5) moderately severe cognitive decline, (6) severe cognitive decline, (7) very severe cognitive decline LOOK AT PAGE 142 in MH ATI BOOK FOR S/S OF EACH PHASE |
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Confabulation
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the client may make up stories when questioned about events or activities that she does not remember - an unconscious attempt to save self-esteem and prevent admitting that she does not remember the occasion
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Perseveratoin
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the client avoids answering questions by repeating phrases or behavior - an unconscious attempt to maintain self-esteem when memory has failed
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Amnestive disorder may be secondary to what?
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substance abuse or another medical condition - there is normally no personality change or impairment in abstract thinking
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Changes due to amnestic disorders include what?
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decreased awareness of surroundings, inability to learn new information despite normal attention, inability to recall previously learned information, possible disorientation to place and time
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What is the effect of estrogen therapy on Alzheimers?
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may prevent it, but it is not useful in decreasing the effects of pre-existing dementia
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CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
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(Ignore this card)
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Substance abuse is diagnosed over how long?
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12 months
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Tolerance
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the need for higher and higher doses of a substance to achieve the desired effect
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Withdrawal
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the stopping or reduction of intake that results in specific physical and psychological signs and symptoms
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What defense mechanism is commonly used by clients who have substance abuse problems?
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denial
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Legally intoxicated is described as
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Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) of 0.08% (80g/dL)
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Death from ETOH could occur at what levels?
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levels greater than 0.35% (350 g/dL)
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What are two serious effects of excess alcohol?
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respiratory arrest and peripheral collapse
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What are several effects of chronic alcohol?
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direct cardiovascular damage, erosive gastritis, GI bleeding, acute pancreatitis
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When do effects of ETOH withdrawal occur?
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usually start within 4-12 hours of the last intake, peak after 24-48 hours, and then suddenly disappear
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What are S/S of ETOH withdrawal?
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abdominal cramping, vomiting, tremors, restlessness and inability to sleep, increased VS, and tonic-clonic seizures
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ETOH withdrawal delirium may occur when?
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2-3 days after cessation of ETOH
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How long does ETOH withdrawal delirium last?
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2-3 days
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What are the S/S of ETOH withdrawal delirium?
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severe disorientation, psychotic symptoms (hallucinations), severe HTN, cardiac dysrhythmias, delirium, may progress to death
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What is the antidote to Benzodiazepine toxicity?
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flumazenil (Romazicon)
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What are the withdrawal S/S of Benzodiazepines?
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anxiety, insomnia, diaphoresis, HTN, possible psychotic reactions, seizure activity
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What is the antidote for barbiturate toxicity?
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There is none
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What are the milder S/S of barbiturate withdrawal?
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the same as those seen in ETOH withdrawal
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What are the severe S/S of barbiturate withdrawal?
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possibly life-threatening convulsions, delirium, and cardiovascular collapse similar to that of ETOH withdrawal
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What are the toxic effects of chronic cannabis use?
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lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory effects; in high doses, paranoia
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What are the withdrawal S/S of cannabis
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depression, possibly
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What are examples of cannabis
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MJ or hashish, which is more potent
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What are the S/S of mild cocaine toxicity
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dizziness, irritability, tremor, blurred vision
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What are the S/S of severe cocaine toxicity
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hallucinations, seizures, extreme fever, tachycardia, HTN, chest pain, possible cardiovascular collapse and death
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What are the S/S of cocaine withdrawal
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depression, fatigue, craving, excess sleeping or insomnia, dramatic unpleasant dreams, psychomotor retardation or agitation
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What are the S/S of amphetamine toxicity?
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impaired judgment, psychomotor agitation, hypervigilance, extreme irritability, acute cardiovascular effects (tachycardia, increased B/P)
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What are the S/S of amphetamine withdrawal?
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craving, depression, fatigue, sleeping
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What is the antidote for opioids
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naloxone (Narcan) by IV
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What are examples of opioids
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heroin, morphine, hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
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Opioid withdrawal causes an abstinence syndrome. What are the S/S?
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begins with sweating and rhinorrhea progressint to piloerection (goosebumps), tremors, irritability followed by severe weakness, N/V, pain the muscles and bones, and muscle spasms. Lasats 7-10 days but not fatal
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What are examples of inhalants?
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amyl nitrate, nitrous oxide, solvents
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What are the toxic effects of inhalants?
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CNS depression, symptoms of psychosis, respiratory depression, possible death
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What are the withdrawal S/S of inhalants
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none
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What are the examples of hallucinogens
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lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), mescaline (peyote), phencyclidine piperidine (PCP)
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What are the toxic effects of hallucinogens
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panic attacks, flashbacks occurring intermittently for years
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What are the withdrawal S/S of hallucinogens?
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None
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What medications are used for ETOH withdrawal?
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valium, ativen, tegretol, catapres
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What meds are used for ETOH abstinence?
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antabuse, revia, campral
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what meds are used for opioid withdrawal
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methadone, catapres, subutex, buprenorphine + naloxone
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What meds are used for nicotine withdrawal?
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bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy
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