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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How many phalanges are in each toe
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there is 3 phalanges in each toe except for the first toe(hallux) which only has 2
(14 total) |
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Where do the metatarsals lie and how many are there for each toe?
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They connect and lie between the phalanges and tarsals and there is 1 for each toe.
(5 total) |
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How many tarsal bones are there?
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There are 7 tarsal bones
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The 1st, 2nd and 3rd cuneiforms are tarsal bones that lie at the base of the three metatarsals on the medial side of the foot. & the cuboid lies on the lateral side of the foot
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These consist of the first row of tarsals
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Tibia:
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bone on the medial side of the leg; principle weight bearing bone of the leg. The Interosseus membrance connects the tibia with the fibula.
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Fibula:
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Bone of the leg that is long and slender; located on the lateral side; its main function is to provide for the attachments of muscles.
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Arches of the foot help do what?
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These help absorb the shock of the bodies weight when it contacts the ground; they dissipate force
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Define: Medial Longitudinal Arch of The Foot
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The medial border of calcaneous to the distal head of the first metatarsal(includes the calcaneous, talus, navicular, 3 cuneiforms, and the first three metatarsals.) The main supporting ligament is the plantarcalcaneonavicular ligament(spring ligament); this is the area for "flat feet"
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Define: Lateral Longitudinal arch of the foot
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the lateral border of calcaneous to the 5th metatarsal (includes the calcaneous, cuboid, & 5th metatarsal)
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The navicular, talus, and calcaneous represent the
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second row of metatarsals
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Define: The Anterior Metatarsal arch of the foot
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This arch is at the distal head of all 5 metatarsals
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Define: The Transverse Arch of the foot
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This arch runs across the 1st row of tarsals (cuboid & cuneiforms); it gives protection & increases the foot's mobility
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Define - plantar aponeurosis(fascia):
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: = Thick white band of fibrous tissue more medial tuberosity of the calcaneous to the proximal heads of the metatarsals; supports the foot against downward forces; this is also the site of plantar fascitis
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Joints of the Foot Include:
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1. Interphalangeal (IP)
2. Metatarsophalangeal (MTP) 3. Intermetatarsal (IM) 4. Tarsometatarsal 5. Intertarsal 6. Talocrural |
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The Interphalangeal(IP) Joint:
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* Articulations of the phalanges
* 1 on hallux and 2 on others(proximal IP joint and distal IP joint)(PIP & DIP) *They all have collateral ligaments on the medial & lateral sides and interphalangeal ligaments on the plantar and dorsal surfaces *Motions include flexion & extension only |
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The Metatarsophalangeal(MTP) Joint:
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*Articulations of the phalanges
*Have collateral ligaments as well as plantar & dorsal metatarsophalangeal ligaments *movements include flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction |
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The Intermetatarsal(IM) Joint:
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*connects the metatarsals at both the head (transverse metatarsal ligaments) and the base (plantar & dorsal ligaments)
*Shafts of bones connected by interosseous ligaments |
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The Tarsometatarsal Joints:
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*Articulations of the bases of the metatarsals with the tarsal bones
*connected by dorsal & plantar tarsometatarsal ligaments *movements include flexion, extension, adduction and abduction |
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The intertarsal Joints:
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*articulations between the tarsals
*movements include gliding, flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, inversion, and eversion * the most important of these joints is the subtalar (an articulation between the talus and calcaneous) Movements at the subtalar include pronation (combined abduction & eversion) and supination (combined adduction & inversion) |
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The Talocrural Joint:
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*articulation of the tibia, fibula, and talus and is a hinge joint
*movements of the ankle joint are dorsiflexion and plantar flexion |
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Ligaments surrounding the ankle joint:
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---Three Lateral Ligaments---
1. Anterior Talofibular 2. Posterior Talofibular 3. Calcaneofibular ------One Medial Ligaments----- 1. medial or deltoid ligament |
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What does the anterior talofibular ligament do?
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This ligament prevents anterior displacement of the talus
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What does the posterior talofibular ligament do?
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This ligament prevents posterior displacement of the talus
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What does the calcaneofibular ligament do?
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This ligament prevents inversion of the calcaneous
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What does the Deltoid Ligament Do?
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Main Function of this ligament is to prevent eversion of the ankle joint.
*made up of the anterior tibiotalar, posterior tibiotalar, tibionavicular, and tibiocalcaneal ligaments *2nd strongers ligament in the body |
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Muscle: gastrocnemius
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Action: plantar flexion, flexion of knee
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Muscle: soleus
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Action: plantar flexion
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Muscle: plantaris
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Action: plantar flexion, flexion of knee, inversion
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Muscle: peroneus longus
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Action: plantar flexion, eversion
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Muscle: peroneus brevis
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Action: plantar flexion, eversion
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Muscle: tibialis posterior
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Action: plantar flexion, inversion
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Muscle: extensor digitorum longus
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Action: dorsiflexion, eversion, extension of phalanges 2-5
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Muscle: tibialis anterior
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Action: dorsiflexion, inversion
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Muscle: extensor hallucis longus
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Action: dorsiflexion, inversion, extension of hallux
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Muscle: extensor hallucis brevis
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Action: extension of hallux
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Muscle: peroneus tertius
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Action: dorsiflexion, eversion
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Muscle: flexor digitorum longus
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Action: inversion, flexion of phalanges 2-5, plantar flexion
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Muscle: flexor hallucis longus
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Action: inversion, flexion of hallux, plantar flexion
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Muscle: semimembranosus
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Action: flexion of knee, IR of hip, hip extension
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Muscle: semitendinosus
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Action: flexion of knee, IR of hip, hip extension
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Muscle: biceps femoris
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Action: flexion of knee, ER of hip, hip extension
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Muscle: gracilis
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Action: flexion of knee, IR of hip, adduction of hip
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Muscle: sartorius
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Action: flexion of knee, ER of hip, abduction of hip, hip flexion
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Muscle: popliteal
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Action: flexion of knee
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Muscle: vastus medialis
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Action: extension of knee
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Muscle: vastus lateralis
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Action: extension of knee
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Muscle: vastus intermedius
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Action: extension of knee
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Muscle: rectus femoris
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Action: extension of knee, hip flexion
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Muscle: psoas
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Action: hip flexion, ER of hip
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Muscle: iliacus
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Action: hip flexion, ER of hip
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Muscle: gluteus medius
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Action: IR of hip, abduction of hip
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Muscle: gluteus minimus
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Action: IR of hip, abduction of hip
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Muscle: tensor fascia latae
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Action: hip flexion, IR of hip, abduction of hip
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Muscle: pectineus
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Action: hip flexion, IR of hip, adduction of hip
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Muscle: adductor longus
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Action: hip flexion, IR of hip, adduction of hip
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Muscle: adductor magnus
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Action: hip flexion, hip extension, IR of hip, adduction of hip
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Muscle: adductor brevis
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Action: hip flexion, IR of hip, adduction of hip
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Muscle: gluteus maximus
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hip extension, ER of hip, abduction & adduction of hip
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