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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the dates for Greece's Golden Ages?
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480-430 B.C.
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Why is this time called the Golden Age?
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Great flowering of drama, sculpture, philosophy, and science
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Who was the leader during that time?
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Pericles
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How did he come to power?
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Oratory: reasoned with everyone, elected as one of the 10 generals, reelected year after year
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How did he strengthen democracy?
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Paid for public jobs, now even the poorest could hold these jobs
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How did he build a commercial empire?
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Used Delian League to enrich Athens, navy safeguarded trade
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How did he glorify Athens?
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Used money to rebuild Athens...created the Parthenon
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What is the Parthenon and why is it so extraordinary?
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It is a temple in Athens. It is not huge, but it has excellent craftsmanship and design
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Who was the sculptor who did much of the work on the Parthenon?
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Phidias
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How did the sculptors of the classical age show human figures?
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Graceful, strong, perfectly formed, serene, grace of body and motion
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What is classical art?
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Order, balance, proportion
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What were the two purposes for theatrical productions?
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To express civic pride and tribute to the gods
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Who were the major writers of these plays during the Age of Pericles?
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Aeschylus and Sophocles
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What was perhaps the most famous of all Greek dramas?
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Oedipus
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How was a play performed?
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Acted, chanted, chorus commented, and the masks had protruding lips like a megaphone
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Where were the plays performed?
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Ampitheatres
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What happens to the tragic hero of the plays?
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He overcomes a great feat and is brought down by his own strength, fatal flaw, pride is punished by gods
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What is hubris?
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Too much pride
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What was the effect of a drama on the audience?
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Saddened and uplifted
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What is catharsis?
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Emotional cleansing in a play
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How was drama a form of public education?
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Great issues important to the public discussed: power, justice, mortality, war and peace, duties owed to the gods, family, and city
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If you were to take a walk through the Athens of that time, what sights, sounds, and smells might you encounter?
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Smelly- from the animals, noisy- from the vendors selling their items at market, and crowded
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What was the role and status of women?
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stay home, cook, take care of children, weave cloth, veiled in public, could not own or inherit land, educated at home, lived in women's quarters, retreated when male guests were entertained
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What was housing like in Athens?
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Tiny, plain, thin, mud-bricked walls, few tables and chairs, paintd pottery
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What was the famous Athenian craft and export item?
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Red and black pottery
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When did the tensions between Sparta and Athens explode?
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431 B.C.
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How did the Spartans attempt to defeat the Athenians?
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Destroy food supply
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How did the Athenians attack protect themselves and attack Sparta?
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Long walls, supplied by sea, attacked by sea
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In the oration by Pericles, how does he define democracy?
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Government favors the many over the few, equal justice, and advancement open to everyone
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How does he define a full life for a citizen?
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Arts, politics, while having own livelihood, a man who does not participate in public life is useless
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According to Pericles what is the role of Athens, and what evidence does he offer for that role?
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Leadership, school of Greece, Athenians would die for it
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Who wrote the history of the war between Athens and Sparta?
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Thucydides
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What is the war between Athens and Sparta called?
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The Peleponnesian War
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What two events brought down Athens?
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Defeat by Sparta and plague
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What did Athens lose after its defeat?
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Fleet, empire, wealth, power, confidence
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What shows a loss of confidence?
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Series of weak and corrupt leaders
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How did art and drama change?
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Art began to show people's joys and emotions, comedies made fun of politics, people, and ideas of the time
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What is a philosopher?
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One who loves wisdom
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What were the two basic arguments of philosophers?
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Universe and orderly and subject to the same laws
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Who was Socrates?
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Greece's greatest philosopher, Athenian soldier, stonecutter, ugly, messy, agile minds
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How did he teach?
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Socratic method: questioning everything
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Why was he considered dangerous?
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Questioned accepted values, morals, religion, and corrupted the youth
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How did Socrates defend himself?
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Teachings were good for Athens because they forced people to think about their values and actions (suggested state give him pension)
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What effect did Socrates' death have on Plato's thinking about government?
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Average citizen of a democracy was unable to govern wisely...bitter
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What was Plato's school and how long did it last?
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Academy and it lasted 900 years
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What according to Plato is the best government and why?
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Three groups:
1: most fit group 1- for farmers and artisans 2: Minds and bodies fine enough to be warriors 3: People with greatest intellect/insight should be chosen philosopher/king |
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What areas of knowledge interested Aristotle?
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Morals, mathematics, biology, botany, geology, medicine, politics, art, drama, language, geography, education, and law
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What is a syllogism?
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Three logically related statements
If A is true and B is true and A and B are related, then C is true |
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Aristotle helped to develop what kind of thinking?
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Scientific
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