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67 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Which way do parallels of latitude run

East to west

What are meridians?

Parallels of longitude that run north to south

What is a great circle?

Equator


Two opposing meridians

What degree is the equator located at

0 degrees

What degree of latitude is the north and South Pole located?

North Pole: 90 degrees north


South Pole: 90 degrees south

How are coordinates written?

Degree then minutes. No seconds for ATC

How are coordinates written?

Degree then minutes. No seconds for ATC

What is the prime meridian?

Greenwich meridian. Longitudinal degrees are referenced from the prime meridian.

When giving coordinates. What is used first, latitude or longitude?

Latitude is always stated first.

How are latitude and longitude readings read on a map.

Latitude readings go from bottom to top, and longitudes are read from right to left.

The reference line used to mean sure north-south distances is?

Equator

What is a great circle route?

The shortest distance between two points on a sphere. Looks like an arc if you were to map on a globe.

What is a great circle route?

The shortest distance between two points on a sphere. Looks like an arc if you were to map on a globe.

What is a rhumb line?

A line which makes the same angle with each meridian of longitude. Longer route


Aircraft would just hold a constant heading.


Does not take into account the curvature of the earth.

How far is a nautical mile in:


feet?


Statute miles?

6,076.1ft


1.15 SM

How far is 1 statute mile in:


Feet?


Nautical miles?

5,280 ft


.87 nautical miles

What is the rule of thumb regarding statute and nautical miles?

Statute miles will always be greater than nautical miles.

What are the time zones in the contiguous U.S. and what are their time conversion factors for UTC?

Eastern standard: +5


Central Standard: +6


Mountain Standard: +7


Pacific Standard: +8


Alaska Standard: +9


Hawaii Standard: +10

Time zone is established every _____?

15 degrees of longitude.

What is the indicated airspeed?

Shown on aircrafts airspeed indicator.

What is true airspeed?

Speed relative to an undisturbed airmass.

What is ground speed?

Airspeed relative to the ground. Corrected for head or tail wind.

What is true airspeed used for?

Flight planning

What happens to the indicated airspeed when there is an increase in altitude?

Indicated decreases because less air density to act on the instruments.

What is true course?

It is the intended path of a craft.

What is the aircrafts track?

Actual path of the aircraft.

What is the amount of drift equal to?

Drift is equal to the wind speed over one hour.


20 knot wind speed = 20 mile drift off course after an hour

What is true heading?

True course corrected for wind


Ie: crab angle

What is magnetic variation?

Angular difference between true north and magnetic north

What is true north?

Geographic North Pole

What is true north?

Geographic North Pole

What is magnetic north

The magnetic North Pole.


It's always moving.


It's 1300 miles from true north

What are isogonic lines?

Lines that connect points of equal difference between true north and magnetic north.

What is agonic line?

Connects points of zero variation. No correction is needed for navigation.

What is the rule for using isogonic lines for navigation?

East is least (-)


West is best (+)

What is magnetic deviation?

Magnetic compass error due to influences in the aircraft.

What is dead reckoning?

Navigation by means of computations based on airspeed, course, heading, wind direction, and speeds.

What is pilotage?

Navigation based solely on reference of maps and landmarks.

What is radio navigation.

Navigation based solely on the use of instruments.

How many operational GPS satellites are there?

24

How many satellites are needed for GPS navigation?

4

What is TACAN?

Ultra high frequency electronic navigation.

True or False...




VOR is more accurate than a TACAN?

False

What is the range of a TACAN?

Same as a VOR

How do you access the TACAN?

Use the channel number.

What is DME?

Distance measuring equipment.

What distance does DME use?

Slant range

What spectrum does DME use?

UHF

TACAN station projects _______




A: 360 useable true radials


B: 360 useable magnetic radials


C: An infinite number of bearings

360 useable magnetic radials

TACAN frequencies are in what band?

UHF

What is a VORTAC?

Uses TACAN and VOR along with DME equipment on one site.

What are the three individual services that a VORTAC provides?

VOR azimuth


TACAN azimuth


TACAN distance (DME)

What DME equipment on the ground is required to respond to the aircraft interrogator

Transponder.

ILS is designed to provide

Course and altitude guidance

What does ILS equipment consist of?

Two transmitting systems


2-3 marker beacons.

What does localizer provide? Glide slope? Market beacons?

Localizer: horizontal guidance


Glide slope: vertical guidance


Marker beacons: range info

What is a Compass locator?

Low power, low or medium frequency radio beacon installed at the site of the outer or middle marker.

What band frequency does the localizer operate on?

VHF

What is the usable distance from the antenna that a localizer can be picked up?

18 NM


1000 ft above the highest terrain along the course.


4500 ft above the elevation of the antenna site.

Laterally, what is the useable distance for the localizer?

18NM: 10 degree either side of the course


10 NM: 10-36 degree either side of the course.

Where is the glide slope located on the runway

1000 ft from the approach end

What frequency does the glide slope operate on

UHF

What does the glide slope provide to the pilot?

Descent information down to the lowest


authorized descent altitude. (DA)

What is the self contained navigation system?

Inertial navigation system

What is special about the INS system?

It does not require information from external references.

What is INS's accuracy?

Very high, decreases 1-2 NM per hour. Position alignment can be accomplished in flight over external references (VOR/DNE etc)

Can INS be used as sole means of navigation?

No