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115 Cards in this Set
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The distance that light moving at a constant speed of 300000 Km/s travels in one year.
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Light Year
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c=300000 Km/s
=186000 mi/s |
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The totality of all space, time, matter, and energy.
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Universe
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The grouping of stars in the night sky into a recognizable pattern.
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Astronomy
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name of the class
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A pattern of stars in which they are not an official constellation.
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Asterism
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12 constellations through which the sun passes as it moves along the ecliptic.
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Zodiac Constellation
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Leo, cancer, Gemini, Taurus, Aries, Pisces, Aquarius, Capricorns, Sagittarius, Scorpio, Libra, and Virgo.
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Are Constellations that never set.
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Circumpolar Constellation
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When a planet, star, constellation is in the viewable sky, entering the celestial sphere.
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Culmination
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Imaginary sphere surrounding Earth to which all objects in the sky were once considered to be attached.
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Celestial Sphere
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The direction pointing directly above a particular location.
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Zenith
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The direction directly below the observer.
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Nadir
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The line that separates the earth and the sky.
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Horizon
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Points, or directions North, Northeast, East, Southeast, South, Southwest, West, Northwest.
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Cardinal Points
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Two imaginary points (north and south) in which the earth rotates on it's poles.
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Celestial Pole
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An imaginary equator on the celestial sphere.
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Celestial Equator
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A point on the celestial sphere that goes through the north and south celestial poles.
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Meridian
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North and South Street in Indianapolis
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When one celestial body moves in front of another.
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Transit
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When the Sun is directly above the earths equator occurring around March 22nd and September 22nd. Night and day are the same length.
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Equinox
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The path the sun moves throughout the sky.
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Ecliptic
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System for mapping positions in the sky.
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Celestial Coordinates
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The time it takes for the Earth to complete one rotation to the stars.
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Sidereal Day
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The length of the time that the sun takes to return back to the original spot.
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Solar Year
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The time it takes for the sun to return to the same position with respect to the stars of the celestial sphere.
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Sidereal Year
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The two times a year when the sun is at its greatest distance from the celestial equator.
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Solstice
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The apparent motion of an object.
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Parallax
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How many stars can be seen by the naked eye per day?
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8 ~ 10 thousand
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What proves that the earth revolves around the Sun?
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Parallax
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Average distance that most stars are apart.
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4 light years apart
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Natural motion of the universe?
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East
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Earth revolves how much per day?
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1 degree
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Earth rotates how much per hour?
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15 degrees
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Background of the stars appear to shift ______.
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Westward
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Is the sky approximately the same relative position 4 minutes earlier or later per day?
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Earlier.
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We rotate to the ______.
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East
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One complete rotation of the earth on it's axis with respect to the Sun.
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Solar Day
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One complete rotation of the earth on it's axis with respect to the Star.
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Sidereal Day
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A sidereal day is shorter or longer each day?
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Shorter
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How much shorter is a Sidereal day then a Solar day?
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1 degree, or 4 minutes
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An Imaginary transparent sphere surrounding the earth to which the stars appear to be attached.
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Celestial Sphere
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A point directly opposite from the Zenith.
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Nadir
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What are the two dependent factors that change the Zenith and Nadir?
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Observer dependent and Time dependent.
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An imaginary line in space located midway between the zenith and the nadir.
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Horizon
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An imaginary North, South, line on the celestial sphere that is directly overhead of the observer.
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Meridian
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The point that the Sun passes through the mid point.
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Mid Day
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AM stands for ...
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Ante Meridien
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PM Stands for ...
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Post Meridien
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An objects angular height above the horizon.
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Altitude
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An objects position with respect to the horizon angle from the horizon.
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Altitude
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The direction in which a line drawn from the zenith through the object to the nadir crosses the horizon.
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Azimuth
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Angular measurement of the horizon in a circle.
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Azimuth
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Greek Astronomer who created a very good geocentric model of the earth and planets.
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Ptolemy
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Polish Cleric that revived the heliocentric model. Calling it a more natural explanation.
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Nicolaus Capernicus
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Early observer that kept good records of the stars and events.
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Tycho Brahe
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Observer that became the "Imperial Mathmatician" of the Holy Roman Empire
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Tycho Brahe
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Observer that, using Tycho Brahe's maps, figured out the planets travel around the sun in ELLIPTICAL motions not circles.
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John Kepler
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Kepler's law #1
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Orbital paths of the planets are elliptical with the sun being the one focus.
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Kepler's 2nd law
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The speed at which a planet traverses different parts of it's orbit.
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Kepler's 3rd law
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The square of a planets orbital is proportional to the cube of it's semi-major axis.
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Father of experimental science
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Galileo
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Wrote down what he saw and published in Italian.
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Galileo
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Galileo saw three major things, what were they?
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1: Sun Spots
2: Moons of Jupiter 3: Phases of Venus |
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Who invented calculus?
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Newton
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What was Newton's first law?
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Law of Inertia
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What law and who:
An object at rest will remain at rest. Once an object is in movement it will continue to move. |
1st law of inertia > Newton
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Orbital motion is constant ________.
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Acceleration
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Every curve is an ________.
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Acceleration
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"0" zero acceleration is _____.
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Normal
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Which law and who:
Force / Mass Acceleration is directly proportional to the applies force and INVERSELY proportional to the mass |
Newton 2nd law
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A= f/m
a=Acceleration f=force m=mass |
Newtons 2nd law
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Force is a push or _____.
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pull
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Which law and who:
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. |
Newton's 3rd law
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What is the Universal law of the universe?
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Every object attracts every other object with a force that varies directly as a product of their mass and inversely as the square of the distance between thair centers.
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What has gravity?
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Every piece of matter.
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What is the weakest known natural force?
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Gravity
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What two things affect the effect of gravity?
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Mass and distance
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Which affects gravity more, mass or distance?
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Distance.
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How much does everything shift per day?
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1 degree
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How much does everything shift per day?
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15 degrees
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how fast does the moon move per hour?
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15 degrees
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Which direction does the moon travel?
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west to east
about 15 degrees per day |
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Half of the major axis is the ______-______ axis
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Semi-Major
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Semi-major axis is ______ to the distance from the one focus to any point on the ellipse.
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Equal
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_______ Describes the ovalness of an ellipse.
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eccentricity (Keplers law)
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________ means closer to the sun
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Perihelion
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________ Means farther away from the sun
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Aphelion
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Min distance equals ______ speed.
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Maximum
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Farther distance equals ______ speed
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slower
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Kepler's 2nd law is known as...
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Area law:
Equal areas are swept if equal times are kept. |
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Kepler's third law is known as...
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Harmonic law
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Sky appears to shift _____.
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West
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North and south _______ ______, axis in space, imaginary space based.
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Celestial poles
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What is the Altitude of the Celestial Pole?
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The latitude of the observer.
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Imaginary plane on the celestial sphere directly in line with earth's equator. Also the midway point between the celestial poles.
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Celestial Equator
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The apparent annual path of the sun against the background of the stars.
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Ecliptic
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Imaginary plane in space that an extension of the earths orbit around the sun.
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Ecliptic
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What leads you around the sky at night?
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Zodiac constellations
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Which equinox happens in March in the North?
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Vernal equinox
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Which equinox happens in September in the North?
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Autumnal equinox
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Earth, happens in July (slowest orbital velocity)
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Aphelion
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Earth, happens in January (Max orbital velocity)
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Perihelion
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What is the longest day?
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January 4th or 5th
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How much bigger is the sun then the earth?
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300000 times
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Does the Sun and Earth attract each other (gravity) the same?
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yes, the earth moves because it is smaller, less mass.
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change of the distance is ______ squared.
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inversely squared
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The entire range of electromagnetic radiation is called ________.
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Spectrum
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Second weakest force of nature?
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Electromagnetic
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Electrons are positive or negative.
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Negative
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Protons are positive or negative
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Positive
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Higher energy and higher frequency gives you _______ wavelengths.
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Shorter wavelengths
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Higher energy and ________ __________ gives you shorter wavelengths.
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Higher frequency
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The measurement between one wave length to the same point on the next wave.
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Wavelength
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How often something occurs.
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Frequency
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A wavelength cut in half = increases or decreases the frequencies.
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Increases
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wavelength and frequencies are _________ proportional.
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inversely
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R M I V UV X G
Name the shortest to longest wavelength. |
Radio Active
Microwave Infrared visual ultra violet x-ray gama ray |
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What is ROY G BIV?
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Red
Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet |
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