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131 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Venus and Mars are _______ planets.
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Terrestrial
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Venus is a bit ______ than Earth and has the same _____.
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smaller
density |
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Venus' orbit radius is _____ AU, meaning it is _____ to the sun than the Earth.
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0.75
closer |
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In 1962, Astronomers started using ____________ and ________ to start looking at the surface of Venus.
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radio telescopes
radar wavelengths |
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Retrograde Rotation (Venus demonstrates this)
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planet is rotating backwards relative to other planets
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Venus rotates extremely ____
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slow
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Venus (does/does not) have a magnetic field.
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does not
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Atmosphere of Venus:
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96% Carbon Dioxide
3.5% Nitrogren Small amount of water, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and hydroflouric acid. |
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Why should Venus have been "wet"?
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As the sun aged, it got warmer and so did Venus - vaporizing the water.
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Why is Venus so hot?
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A "runaway" greenhouse effect took place, baking the carbon dioxide out of the crust and leaving the planets surface at about 900 degrees.
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Clouds of Venus are made from _____ and droplets of _______.
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sulfur
sulfuric acid |
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The density of Venus' atmosphere is about _____ times that of Earth.
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90
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Venus (has/does not have) plate tectonics.
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does not have
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Venus' surface (is/is not) very volcanic.
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is
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Shield Volcano
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Volcanoes are like those in Hawaii "hot spot" volcanoes.
No steep slope, more liquid lava. |
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The surface of Venus is made from ______.
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basalt
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______ craters on Venus' surface means that the age is very _____.
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Few (under 1000)
Young (500 million years old) |
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Mars is relatively small; only ____ percent of Earth's volume.
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15
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Expect Mars to have ____ it's internal heat.
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lost
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Distance from the sun is about ____ AU.
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1.5
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The axis of Mars is tipped 24 degrees, leading to _____.
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seasons
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Mars (has/does not have) polar ice caps.
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has
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Best to view Mars at _______.
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opposition
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Mars (does/does not) currently have a magnetic field.
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does not
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The atmosphere of Mars is about ___ percent as dense as Earth's.
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1
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Mars' atmosphere is made of:
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95% Carbon Dioxide
A few percent of nitrogen and argon. |
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The atmospheric pressure of Mars is too low for _____ to exist.
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liquid water
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The oxygen in Mars' atmosphere has reacted with iron in the crust to produce ______.
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iron oxide (rust)
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Largest Volcano is on Mars. What is it's name and approximate size?
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Olympus Mons
Size of Arizona |
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Tharsis Rise
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large "hot spot" volcanoes
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Valles Marineris
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Rift Valley that would stretch across the entire United States
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Ice caps on Mars' North and South poles change with the seasons and are made of:
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frozen carbon dioxide on top of water ice.
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Mars has two moons named:
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Phobos and Deimos
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Phobos and Deimos are ___ moons with ____ albedos.
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small (probably captured asteroids)
low (less than 10%, very dark) |
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Phobos' revolves around Mars in ____ time than it takes Mars to rotate ____.
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less
once |
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Phobos rises in the _____, and sets in the ______.
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West
East |
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Since Phobos is slowly nearing Mars, it will eventually:
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crash into it.
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Jupiter and Saturn are ____ planets.
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Jovian
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Jupiter is the ____ planet.
How many earth masses? |
largest
318 2.5 times mass of all planets combined. |
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Saturn is the ______ planet.
How many earth masses? |
second largest
95 |
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Jupiter and Saturn (have/do not have) a surface.
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do not have
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Jupiter and Saturn rotate in about ____ hours.
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ten
very fast |
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Cloud belts are ____.
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dark
E to W wind flow |
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Cloud zones are _____.
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light
E to W wind flow |
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Great Red Spot
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giant low pressure "storm" on Jupiter
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Jupiter and Saturn are not spherical, they are noticeably ______.
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oblate
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Oblate shape and rotation show that Jupiter and Saturn are made of _____.
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fluids
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Differential Rotation
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equator moves faster than poles
(Jupiter and Saturn) |
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Jupiter and Saturn are made mostly of:
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hydrogen and helium
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Liquid metallic hydrogen creates Jupiter's:
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large magnetic field
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Clouds of Jupiter and Saturn are made of:
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Methane
Ammonia Water Carbon Monoxide Various hydrocarbons |
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Jupiter and Saturn give of ____ energy than they get from the sun.
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more
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Jupiter has the ________ planetary magnetic field.
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largest and strongest
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Jupiter's magnetic field is produced by:
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liquid metallic hydrogen
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Decimeter Radiation
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0.10 m wavelength
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Decameter Radiation
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10 m wavelength
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Jupiter and Saturn's magenetic fields produce _____.
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aurorae
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Big moons are broken up by ________.
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tidal forces
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Jupiter and Saturn (have/have no) rings.
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have
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Cannot see Jupiter's rings from Earth because they are _____ and made of _________.
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tiny
micron-sized dust |
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Larger moons are found in the _______.
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Roche Limit
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Saturn's rings are _____ and _____ visible from Earth. They are made of _____.
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large
easily small water ice particles |
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Ringlets
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about 1000 make up larger rings
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F-Ring of Saturn
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Shepherd Moons hold it in place. Inside moon puts energy in, outside moon takes energy out.
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Jupiter's rings are _____ and _____ than Saturn's. Made of _____.
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smaller
thinner water ice |
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Saturn's rings are ____ in color than Jupiter's because they are made of _____.
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darker
small bits of rock and dust |
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Saturn gets about _____ as much sunlight as Earth.
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1/100
Ices are common. |
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Jupiter gets about ____ as much sunlight as Earth.
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1/25
Ices are common. |
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Galilean Moons (names)
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Io
Europa Ganymede Callisto |
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Rocky Galilean Moons
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Io
Europa |
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Icy Galilean Moons
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Ganymede
Callisto |
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Callisto
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heavily cratered
old surface surface is mostly water ice surface is very dark (low albedo) |
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Ganymede
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largest moon in the solar system
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Europa
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surface is bright white
new surface very few craters presumably the water ice is redone by liquid water |
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How is Europa's water ice redone?
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The water ice is redone by liquid water. Tidal forces due to resonance effect and friction produces heat.
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Io
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No craters
Has many active volcanoes Produce many compunds of sulfur Color is yellow, red, and black Most geologically active place in the solar system |
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Sulfur on Io does what?
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conducts current and makes decameter radiation
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Io is the most geologically active place in the solar system because of:
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heat produced by tidal effects
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Saturn's largest moon:
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Titan
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Titan
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has substantial atmosphere
85% Nitrogen Ammonnia Organic "smog" covers it Density is about 1.5 times Earth's atmosphere |
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Titan can retain an atmopshere because:
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the surface is cold
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Uranus and Neptune are _____ planets.
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Jovian
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Uranus and Neptune's solar winds are in _____ and _____.
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belts
zones |
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Uranus is essentially tipped on it's _____, so seasons are _____.
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side
extreme |
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Uranus and Neptune are blue colored due to:
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methane absorbing red light
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Neptune was the first _____ planet discovered.
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predicted
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Uranus' magnetic field is:
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shifted off to the side in the mantle
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The source of Uranus' magenetic field is:
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liquid water mantle with dissolved ammonia and methane
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Uranus' rings are:
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pieces of frozen methane
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Uranus has a ____ surface.
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dark
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Uranus' dark surface is from:
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carbon produced by UV light interacting with methane.
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Occultation
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planet and rings cover up stars
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Neptune's rings are ___ shaped.
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arc
Don't go all the way around. |
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Moons of Neptune (names)
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Triton
Nereid |
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Triton
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Retrograde Rotation
Has a thin nitrogen atmosphere. Is moving toward Neptune. |
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Triton is similar to _____.
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Pluto
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Nereid's orbit is:
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extremely elliptical.
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Pluto was discovered ______.
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accidentally in 1930.
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Pluto's moons:
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Charon
+ two more tiny moons Made of methane ice |
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Asteroid belt is found:
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between Mars and Jupiter
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Largest asteroid
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Ceres
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_______ gaps show effects of Jupiter through resonances.
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Kirkwood
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Asteroids are similar in composition to _______ planets.
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terrestrial
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Asteroids are ______ left over from the formation of the solar system.
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planetesimals
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Asteroids ______ frequently.
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collide
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Asteroid Classes
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S-type
M-type C-type |
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S-type Asteroids
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"stony"; made from silicate rocks
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M-type Asteroids
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"metal"; made from iron and nickel
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C-type Asteroids
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"carbon"; have a large concentration of carbon
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Leftovers from the outer solar system make up the _______ belt and ______ cloud.
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Kuiper
Oort |
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Kuiper Belt is approximately in the plane of the Solar System in orbits just outside _______.
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Neptune
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Oort Cloud is a ________ distribution located thousands of AU from the sun.
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spherical
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Two types of comet tails
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Ion Tail
Dust Tail |
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Comet tails always point _____ the sun.
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away from
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Comet dust tails are pushed back by ______.
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light pressure
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Comet ion tails are pushed back by _____.
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solar wind
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Body of comet is called ____.
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coma
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Dust particles from comets produce:
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meteor showers
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Meteoroid
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small body still in space that's approaching the Earth
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Meteor
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an object vaporizing in the Earth's atmosphere (dust from comets)
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Meteorite
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meteor that lands on earth (come from asteroids)
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Easiest to find meteorites in:
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Antarctica
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Meteorite "finds"
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didn't see it fall
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Meteorite "falls"
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did see it fall
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Iron Meteorites:
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cooled from a molten state very slowly, a few degrees every million years
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Most meteorite "finds" are:
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Iron meteorites
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Most meteorite "falls" are:
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Stony meteorites
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Two types of stony meteorites:
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Chondrites
Achondrites |
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Carbonaceous Condrites
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similar to carbon asteroids
have not been heated - come from a cold part of the solar system still have volatile compounds |
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Achondrites
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heated
lava |
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Widmanstatten Pattern
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crosshatch pattern found in iron meteroites
due to slow cooling process |
