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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is weight?W
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the measure of gravity's force on a planet, moon, ,stars, etc. CHANGES.
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What are Newton's laws of motion?
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1- a body stays at rest or in motion unless acted upon by an outside force, 2- F=mass*acceleration. (these two laws combine to produce orbital motion), 3- each body exerts an equal and oppositie force on each other.
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How do we use Newton's laws?
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we can calculate that velocity needed to escape from a body's gravitational field
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How do planets lie?
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almost all in the same plane
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How are Sun and planets related?
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Sun's gravity holds planets in orbit, and they orbit the same way the sun rotates., EXCEPT VENUS AND URANUS
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What is the Common Age for everything in our solar system? How do we know?
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4.6 billion years, based on ages of meteorites and radioisotopic dating
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What does density tell us about a planet?
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it tells us its composition
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What is the density formula?
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density=mass/volume g/cm^3 or kg/l
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What is the density of the ENTIRE earth?
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5.5 kg/l
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What are the two groups of planets? exs?
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Terrestrial group (Mercuty, Venus, Earth, Mars) and Jovian group (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune)
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What are characteristics of terrestrial planet?
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small diameter, low mas, dense solid rocky surface, thin-thin/ no atmosphere, slow rotations, few satellites
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What are characteristics of jovian planets?
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large diameter, high mass, low density, no solid surface, huge gaseous atmosphere, fast rotations, many satellites/rings
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What is the solar nebula theory? What does it say?
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Explains formation of solar system. Explanation- solar nebula was rotation, and gravity was drawing gas toward the center of the nebula to form Sun, but inertia prevented all stuff to end up in the sun. As a rsult, some stuff made planets, moons, etc. Gas formed a thin disk, so now planetary orbits retain this disk shape.
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What phase of the moon and the Sun are close in the sky in the early evening?
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Waxing crescent
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Which phases of the moon can have earthshine?
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waxing crescent, waning crescent
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What is condensation?
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when gas cools as solid grains/ices form. Highly temperature-sensitvie
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What makes jovian atmospheres and terrestrial atmospheres different?
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Jovians where able to trap more gases in the formation because of their sheer size, while terrestrials only gow metallic and silicate
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What is accretion? Why do we care?
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particles that stick together. Grazing collisions reult in planetesimals, and these pl. accret to form protoplanets.
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What is differentiation? Ex.
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when dense materials sink. Planetary interiors are denser than crust b/c of differentiation
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What is the order of the creation of planets?
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solar nebula, protoplanets, solar system
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What is the density of the Earth's surface?
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2-3 kg/l
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What do we learn from seimic studes?
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Earthquakes sense waves through Earth, and allows us to figure out earth's density
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What do P waves go through and how do they move?
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move through solids AND liquids. They compress (think- spring)
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What do S waves go through and how do they move?
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move ONLY through solids. They move like a moving jump rope
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What is the density of the E's core? What is the result of this?
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8-9 kg/l. Earth has liquid core
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How is the Earth's magnetic field oriented?
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oriented like a bar magnet to N and S magnetic poles (think- compass)
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How different is the Earth's mag pole from the actual North pole?
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~11 degrees, yet it wanders
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What are magnetic fields generated by?
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moving charges (electrons)
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What is the theory about the Earth's mag field?
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That it is generated in hot, liquid, metallic core region.
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Who first came up the heliocentric model?
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Copernicus
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