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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is astronomy?
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The study of the physical universe
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What is a scientific attitude?
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Knowing that science changes based on current information
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AU
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Astronomical Unit
-distance from earth to sun -useful for solar system distances |
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ly
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Light Year
useful for stellar distances |
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pc
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Parsec
3ly useful for stellar distances |
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Mpc
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Mega parsec
3.26million ly useful for galactic distances |
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Mercury to Sun distance
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0.4AU
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Venus to Sun distance
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0.7AU
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Mars to Sun distance
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1.5AU
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Jupiter to Sun distance
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5AU
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Saturn to Sun distance
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10AU
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Uranus to Sun distance
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20AU
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Neptune to Sun distance
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30AU
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Pluto to Sun distance
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40AU
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Naked Eye Sky
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6,000 stars
5 Planets Sun and Moon |
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How many official constellations are there?
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88, made with lines of celestial longitude and latitude
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Body Part Angles-fist
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10 degrees
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Thumb
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2 degrees
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Pinky
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1 degree
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1 degree=
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60 arc minutes
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Diurnal star motion
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due to Earth's rotation
east-west |
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How much earlier do stars rise each night?
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4 minutes
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Diurnal Sun motion
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due to earth's rotation
east-west |
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Sidereal sun motion
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due to earths revolution
west-east |
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Ecliptic
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path of sun in celestial field
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Highest Point in ecliptic
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Summer Solstice
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Lowest Point in Ecliptic
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Winter Solstice
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Middle Points
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Vernal/Autumnal Equinox
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Precession
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wobble due to the sun and the moon pulling on the equator
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Noticiable precession changes
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Pole star changes
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Diurnal Motion of the moon
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due to Earth's rotation
East to West |
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Moon's sidereal motion
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due to moons revolution
west to east takes 27.3 days-13 degrees per day |
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Moons synodic period
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29.5 days relative to the sun
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Darkest part of shadow
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Umbra
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Lighter part of shadow
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Penumbra
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Solar Eclipse
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Moon is in new phase
Moon on the ecliptic |
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Lunar Eclipse
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Moon is in full phase
Moon is on ecliptic |
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Diurnal Motion of the planets
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Due to earths rotation
East to west |
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Sidereal motion of planets
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west to east or
east to west (retrograde) |
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Inner Planet between the Sun and Earth
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inferior conjunction
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Sun between Earth and inner planet
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superior conjunction
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Maximum angle away from sun in our sky
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Greatest Elongation
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Earth between outer planet and sun
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Opposition
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Aristotle
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Universe is geocentric
Doesn't explain retrograde |
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Ptolmey
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Adds epicycles to Aristotle's universe
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Copernicus
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Heliocentric universe in perfect circles
inner planets faster than outer retrograde due to inner planets passing outer planets |
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Brahe
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measured planets to high accuracy for 20 years
built large instruments |
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Kepler
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3 Laws of Planetary Motion
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Law One
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planets orbit in an elipse with the sun at one focus
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Law Two
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a planet-sun line sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time
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Law Three
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P years squared=Semi-major axis AU's cubed
P=time to complete one orbit A=avg. planet sun distace |
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Galileo
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Telescopic observations
Discovered jupiters 4 moons Phases of venus proved heliocentrism |
