Astronomy/earth Review

Front 1

Galaxy

Back 1

a large group of stars in the universe

Front 2

Spiral Galaxy

Back 2

galaxy that is disc-shaped with a thin disk with long arms; gas and dust rotate around the central hub of the galaxy

Front 3

Elliptical Galaxy

Back 3

huge galaxy that is round or oval in shape

Front 4

Irregular Galaxy

Back 4

huge galaxy with no regular shape

Hint 4

https://o.quizlet.com/i/fpOc14uhx-6u_vX9nkWeqg_m.jpg

Front 5

Star

Back 5

huge, hot body made of different gases; radiates energy (light)

Hint 5

https://o.quizlet.com/i/i_CfapH2w59LqoQ7HMD6Rg_m.jpg

Front 6

Nebula

Back 6

an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in space; where stars form

Hint 6

https://o.quizlet.com/i/2skjrMMo6PuSxd4ul8WEZw_m.jpg

Front 7

Planets

Back 7

nearly round objects that revolve around a star; in our solar system the planets that revolve around our Sun are; Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Hint 7

https://o.quizlet.com/i/ULt3V-4Sigyeq5bLn9EmcA_m.jpg

Front 8

Sun

Back 8

medium sized star; located near edge of galaxy; many thousands of times closer to Earth than any other star; provides energy that creates convection currents in atmosphere and oceans

Hint 8

https://o.quizlet.com/i/BQgg_nUVKLiiHjxTf5lA2Q_m.jpg

Front 9

Comet

Back 9

small object made of ice with some gas, dust, and rock; a "tail" can appear as the comet revolves around the sun and is heated

Hint 9

https://o.quizlet.com/i/qB_RjI5HRt3LT8N75cOALw_m.jpg

Front 10

Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram

Back 10

organizes the family of stars into a diagram; across bottom is star's temperature and side is star's absolute magnitude; a star's temperature and color depend on how big the star is

Hint 10

https://o.quizlet.com/i/nVk-7HplJfgVyI0ez_1ubg_m.jpg

Front 11

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Back 11

increasing range in frequency of electromagnetic waves; light and radio waves are used to gain information about distances and properties of objects in the universe; ex. light years used to measure distances and sizes in the universe

Hint 11

https://o.quizlet.com/i/kjx1iW7wYfBVn8jCxWPs7Q_m.jpg

Front 12

New Moon

Back 12

moon phase that occurs when the Moon is between Earth and the Sun; the Moon cannot be seen because its lighted half is facing the Sun and its dark side faces Earth

Hint 12

https://o.quizlet.com/i/PP3iTbIcoGRCrHQEYWByhw_m.jpg

Front 13

Waxing Crescent

Back 13

moon phase that comes after a new moon and before a first quarter moon; less than half of the moon is lit up on the right side

Hint 13

https://o.quizlet.com/i/7vLePvLNCHV2CyXC2xWGUA_m.jpg

Front 14

1st Quarter Moon

Back 14

moon phase that comes after a waxing crescent and before a waxing gibbous; is lit up on the right half of the moon that we can see

Hint 14

https://o.quizlet.com/i/f_5oxVRcIeqcQ6g0SNrPNg_m.jpg

Front 15

Waxing Gibbous

Back 15

moon phase that comes after a first quarter moon and before a full moon; more than half of the moon is lit up on the right side, but it isn't completely full

Hint 15

https://o.quizlet.com/i/bxQMBLs34-cZgVm0_O9zcw_m.jpg

Front 16

Full Moon

Back 16

moon phase that occurs when all of the Moon's surface facing Earth reflects light; the Moon appears completely lit

Hint 16

https://o.quizlet.com/i/7r6oBCeKDQzEX_CcnAhDdA_m.jpg

Front 17

Waning Gibbous

Back 17

moon phase that comes after a full moon and before a third quarter moon; more than half of the moon is lit up on the left side, but it isn't completely full

Hint 17

https://o.quizlet.com/i/e4Y36m2OaCI6hOK9A2ZcDA_m.jpg

Front 18

3rd Quarter Moon

Back 18

moon phase that comes after a waning crescent and before a waninggibbous; is lit up on the left half of the moon that we can see

Hint 18

https://o.quizlet.com/i/4O7jpVtS0jjaLIfh3NbBDg_m.jpg

Front 19

Waning Crescent

Back 19

moon phase that comes after a third quarter moon and before a new moon; less than half of the moon is lit up on the left side

Hint 19

https://o.quizlet.com/i/b72LoF9bnRpftlh3t47k2Q_m.jpg

Front 20

Rotation

Back 20

spin of Earth (or other Moon/planet) on its axis; takes 24 hours; causes day/night

Hint 20

https://o.quizlet.com/i/mn39nQtrHhZ3zj69oE5rNA_m.jpg

Front 21

Revolution

Back 21

movement of Earth around Sun; takes 365 ¼ days; causes seasons

Hint 21

https://o.quizlet.com/i/nVdbcdmec8TGQ6WKB2b4mA_m.jpg

Front 22

Solstice

Back 22

occurs when Sun is directed at furthest point north or south of the equator; occurs in summer and winter, giving longest and shortest days of the year

Front 23

Equinox

Back 23

occurs when Sun is directly over equator; occurs in spring and fall, giving equal amounts of day/night

Front 24

Tides

Back 24

changes in ocean water levels that take place in regular pattern; controlled by pull of gravity between Moon and Earth; force of gravity of Moon pulls pulls ocean water away from Earth's surface

Hint 24

https://o.quizlet.com/i/ICzbbtXjp19hrE4yxFYTeQ_m.jpg

Front 25

Spring Tide

Back 25

occurs when new Moon or full Moon are lined up with Earth and Sun; combined gravity gives greatest difference between high/low tides

Hint 25

https://o.quizlet.com/i/CvPLKUCyovSb9OJU3zLw5w_m.jpg

Front 26

Neap Tide

Back 26

occurs when first or third quarter Moon are at right angle with Earth and Sun; gives less difference between high/low tides

Hint 26

https://o.quizlet.com/i/0K0tsAUaPe64JhOxaJGpmg_m.jpg

Front 27

Crust

Back 27

outermost layer of Earth; least dense layer; thinnest layer; where we live

Hint 27

https://o.quizlet.com/i/c8z1TapXFJXDk494Z86KyQ_m.jpg

Front 28

Mantle

Back 28

layer of Earth between crust and core; thickest layer, partially molten (liquid)

Hint 28

https://o.quizlet.com/i/c8z1TapXFJXDk494Z86KyQ_m.jpg

Front 29

Lithosphere

Back 29

made of crust and upper part of mantle; broken into tectonic plates

Hint 29

https://o.quizlet.com/i/Xj13lZr5pIMFB8tM4ISUkg_m.jpg

Front 30

Asthenosphere

Back 30

layer just inside of lithosphere; partially molten (liquid), allowing convection currents to move plates

Hint 30

https://o.quizlet.com/i/YF-GF0pQmnyK1ZfilXqjWw_m.jpg

Front 31

Metamorphic Rocks

Back 31

forms when other rocks are heated and squeezed together; requires heat and pressure

Hint 31

https://o.quizlet.com/i/cH1Cisyql3I2GGyg61mAHQ_m.jpg

Front 32

Igneous Rocks

Back 32

formed when magma cools beneath Earth's surface or when lava cools at Earth's surface; forms in or around volcanoes; requires heat

Hint 32

https://o.quizlet.com/i/b7B4R5X8jsyCVpWaEoj9IA_m.jpg

Front 33

Sedimentary Rocks

Back 33

forms when sediment collects and hardens; layers of sediment pile up and squeeze together; requires pressure

Hint 33

https://o.quizlet.com/i/fTUOS7SZLGlamx8qTSqgKg_m.jpg

Front 34

Weathering

Back 34

the breaking down of rock into smaller pieces, called sediment; can create/change geographic formations; agents: gravity, ice, wind, water

Hint 34

https://o.quizlet.com/i/PPbr9fCsUwslfFHXM2KLjQ_m.jpg

Front 35

Mechanical Weathering

Back 35

occurs when rocks are broken apart by physical processes; overall chemical makeup of the rock stays the same; ex. water freezing and thawing in cracks of rocks breaking them apart

Hint 35

https://o.quizlet.com/i/5stpP-hjNQzoZWDWGinYfQ_m.jpg

Front 36

Chemical Weathering

Back 36

occurs when chemical reactions dissolve the minerals in rocks; changes the rock into different material from the original; ex. acid rain dissolving the minerals in rocks

Hint 36

https://o.quizlet.com/i/K6rkKeKSBn8M0tCd336KDg_m.jpg

Front 37

Erosion

Back 37

the movment of sediment; removes pieces of Earth from one pace and builds land in another; agents: gravity, ice, wind, water

Hint 37

https://o.quizlet.com/i/GGDP1rO2Eni1rZvARCiWKw_m.jpg

Front 38

Tectonic Plates

Back 38

broken pieces of lithosphere; movement caused by convection currents in the asthenosphere

Hint 38

https://o.quizlet.com/i/orv_raHaPaqU5WI_aUaEQw_m.jpg

Front 39

Continental Drift Theory

Back 39

Alfred Wegener believed landmasses of Earth once fit together to form single landmass called "Pangaea"; landmasses "drifted" to where they are today; theory disregarded due to lack of evidence

Hint 39

https://o.quizlet.com/i/Ki676Q3amJtF9iLxS9YCAg_m.jpg

Front 40

Evidence of Continental Drift

Back 40

-rock layers on coastlines of different continents match

-glacial ice in areas that are now located near the equator

-salt/coal deposits (which only form in warm climates) found in areas with cold climates

-Continents fit together like puzzle pieces

Front 41

Plate Boundaries

Back 41

place where tectonic plates meet; common site of geologic activity caused by moving plates

Front 42

Convergent Boundary

Back 42

occur where plates come together; volcanic or folded mountains are formed

Front 43

Subduction Zone

Back 43

where one plate moves under another; a deep ocean trench is formed

Front 44

Divergent Boundary

Back 44

occur where plates move away from each other; a rift valley or mid-ocean ridge is formed

Front 45

Topographic Maps

Back 45

show elevation of land with shape and spacing of contour lines; closer lines mean steeper slopes; flat places have widely spaced lines; series of increasingly smaller closed loops indicates hill or mountain

Front 46

Convection Currents

Back 46

caused by uneven heating of Earth's surface; Occur within Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Produce wind and ocean currents.

Front 47

Wind

Back 47

movement of air in the atmosphere caused by convection currents

Front 48

Global Wind

Back 48

heated air rises near the equator and moves toward Earth's poles, while cooler air at the poles falls and moves toward the equator; move in a particular direction across Earth over long distances; often steer weather in different directions

Front 49

Local Wind

Back 49

along shorelines; blows in toward the shore during the daytime; blows away from the shore at night.

Front 50

Land Breezes

Back 50

a coastal breeze blowing at night from land to sea; caused by the difference in the rate of cooling of their surfaces

Front 51

Sea Breezes

Back 51

wind blowing from a cool ocean surface onto adjoining warm land

Front 52

Surface Ocean Currents

Back 52

caused by global winds pushing along the surface of the ocean

Front 53

Deep Ocean Currents

Back 53

convection currents occurring deep in the ocean

Front 54

HIgh Pressure (weather)

Back 54

usually caused by air masses being cooled; often associated with good weather ("happy highs")

Front 55

Low Pressure (weather)

Back 55

usually happen along the boundary between warm and cold air masses; often associated with bad weather ("lousy lows")

Front 56

Cold Front

Back 56

when a cold, dry air mass takes the place of a warm, moist air mass; brings violent storms followed by fair, cooler weather; move quickly

Front 57

Warm Front

Back 57

when a warm, less dense air mass overtakes a cold, dense air mass; brings rain and showers followed by warmer, more humid weather; move slowly

Front 58

Hurricane

Back 58

intense low pressure areas that form over warm ocean waters in the summer and early fall; a powerful, spiraling storm.