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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Crust
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At the surface of the earth
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who invented the telescope?
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Galileo
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Telescope
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"light bucket" function is to capture as many photons as possible from sky and concentrate them to a focused beam
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optical telescopes
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designed to catch wavelengths visible to eye
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electromagnetic
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Energy carried in the form of rapidly fluctuagting electric and magnetic fields
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Period
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number of seconds needed for the wave to repeat itself at any given point in sapce
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wavelength
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number of meters needed for the wave to repeat itself at a given moment in time
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opacity
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the extent to which radiation is blocked by the material through which it is passing
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diffraction
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deflection or bending of a wave as it passes a corner or moves through a narrow gap
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Temperature
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direct measure of the amount of microscopic motion within it
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Wein's Law
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Wavelength of peak emission = 2.9mm / T
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Stefan's Law
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F = (constant) T^4
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Doppler effect
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motion-induced change in the observed frequency of a wave
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continuous spectrum
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Contains light of all wavelengths
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emission spectrum
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consisting of only a few well defined emission lines
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ground state
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minimun energy of element
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ionized
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orbiting electron escapes from an atom
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excited states
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specific energy levels electrons can be on
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quantized
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electrons spread out in a cloud around nucleus
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moleclues
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groups of two or more atoms bound together by electromagnetic forces
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h = 6.63 x 10^-34 J*s
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Planck's constant
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E =
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hf
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electron transitions
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produces visible and ultraviolet lines
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vibrational transitions
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produce infrared lines
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rotational transitions
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produce radiowave lines
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relfector
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uses curved mirror to focus light
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refracting
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uses a lense to concentrate light
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focal length
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distance between primary mirror and focus
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keck telescope
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twin 10 meter telescopes
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angular resolution
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ability of any device to form distinct seperate images of objects lying close together
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diffraction
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tendency of light and all other waves to bend around corners
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CCDs
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charge coupled divices
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photometry
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measures the brightness of an object. amount of light striking the detector every minute
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spectrometer
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breaks down and studies light spectrum
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atmospheric blurring
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as light passes through earth's turbulent atmosphere it is deflected slightly
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seeing
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effects of atmospheric turbulence
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seeing disk
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circle over which a star's light is spread
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active optics
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analyzing the image in real time to offset conditions such as temperature, mirror distortion and turbulence
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adaptive optics
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fixes turbulence by deforming the shape of the mirrors surface under computer control
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interferometry
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two or more radio telescopes are used in tandem to observe the same object at the same wavelength at the same time
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comparative planetology
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compares and contrasts diverse things found in our solar system
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nebular theory
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formation of the solar system, large cloud of dust and gas called the solar nebula began to collapes in under it's own gravity. it would spin faster and faster til it disk out and planets were formed
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condensation theory
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the effects of solar heating on the planetary formation, the temperature in the solar nebula determined which materials could condense out.
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crust
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at the surface of earth
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mantle
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surrounds the smaller two part core
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core
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outter core and inner core
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hydrosphere
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contains liquid oceans. 70 percent of our planets total surface area
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ionosphere
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highest
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mesosphere
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uppermiddle
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stratosphere
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lowermiddle
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troposphere
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lowest
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convection
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constant upwelling of warm air and downward flow of cool air
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seismic waves
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earthquake waves
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pressure waves
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back and forth motion from earthquakes
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sheer waves
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side to side motion from earthquakes (can't move through liquid)
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lithosphere
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contains crust and small part of upper mantle
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asthenosphere
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the semisolid part of mantle that the lithosphere slides over
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van allen belts
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two donut shaped zones of high energy charged particles
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dynamo theory
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planetary magnetic feilds are produced by the motion of rapidly rotating, electrically conducing fluids in the planets core
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Direct Decay
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when an electron jumps down more than one energy level
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cascade
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when an electron jumps down enery levels one by one
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Kirchhoff's Laws
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yes
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Order of planet
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mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune, pluto
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asteroid or meteroids are bigger
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asteroid
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what are comets made up of
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icey and rocky
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