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204 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are jupiter and saturn mostly made out of?
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Made up of primarily light weight elements hydrogen, and helium
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does saturn have a magnetic feild?
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yes
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does jupiter have magnetic feild?
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yes
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what does the core consist of in jupiter and saturn?
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hard hydrogen
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how far daoes jupiter tralvel a year?
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one constellation
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dark red colored bands are called?
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belts
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light colors are called?
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zones
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the great red spot is on which planet?
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Jupiter
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jupiter completes a rotation every?
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9 hours 50 min 28 sec fastest in the solar system
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jupiter and satern have what kind of rotaion?
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differential rotation
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what does jupiter consist of?
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Jupiter is 75% hydrogen 24% helium 1% other
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what does satern consist of?
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Saturn 96.3% hydrogen 3.3% helium .4% other
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why does satern have less helium?
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It cooled faster because it is smaller
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which planet has the lowest density in the system?
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saturn
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zones on jupiter are made up of?
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water and ammonia
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how long do ovals last on Jupiter?
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decades
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brown ovals on jupiter are?
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hotter
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white and brown are what on Jupiter?
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white means a storm
brown means a hole in the atmosphere |
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which direction do the belts and zones rotate on Jupiter?
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east west
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does satern have internal heat?
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yes
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what is the heating mecanism for saturn?
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friction
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which planet often has hexagons?
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saturn
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which way do the bands go on satern>
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east and west
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how long do storms last on saturn
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a few months to a year
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the ring structures around saturn are made up of?
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Ice about the size of your fist
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the outer rings of saturn are brighter because?
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they are younger and cleaner
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all rings of saturn reside in the
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Rosh limit
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2/3 of saturns satellites are in?
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Retrograde
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the satellites of saturn are
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not sphericle
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which ring of saturn does not reside in the roch limit?
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the e ring
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Considering the rings of Saturn are icy, from where will Saturn collect objects to replenish its rings
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the kuiper belt
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Considering the rings of jupiter are rocky, from where will jupiter collect objects to replenish its rings?
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astroid belt
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ripples in saturns rings are caused by
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saturns shepard moons gravitaional pull
look that way because of density |
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does saturn have a magnetic field?
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yes, strong
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uranus is mostly?
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Methane
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its so cold on uranus that _______ fell to the center
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ammonia
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the surface of uranus is about?
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55 K
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does uranus have internal heat?
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no
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which planet acts like a perfect black body?
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Uranus
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methane absorbs? reflects?
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red
blue |
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where is Uranus hot?
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the pole facing the sun
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how fast does uranus rotate? orbit?
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Rotates in about 20 hours and orbits the sun in about eighty years
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does jupiter have a magnetic feild?
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yes 2nd strongest
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what is responsible for the magnetic feild of jupiter?
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metallic hydrogen
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current and sheet
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Current and sheet: a plane that lines up with Jupiter's equator; loosly held charged particles fling out at equator
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synchroton
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Synchrotron(not a black body): a charged particle sailing through the magnetic field (the particles sail through the mag field to produce synchrotron)
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the rings of jupiter were named in order of?
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dicovery
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shepard moons
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-Shepherd Moons gravitationally push rings away from each other
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magnetopause extend to what?
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saturn
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jupiter has internal heat from?
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formation
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what does jupiter emit?
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radio waves
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the great red spot is a
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high pressure system
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the great red spot is aproximately?
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2 earths
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what does latitude and longitude do on jupiter?
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longitude changes
latitude same |
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where do uranus and neptune get their rings from?
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the kuiper belt
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does neptune have internal heat?
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yes
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what is the heating mechanism for neptune?
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unknown
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uranus and neptune have the same??
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mass
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what are the clouds on neptune made of?
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methane ice
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the great dark spots on neptune are
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on the size of the earth
lasts for weeks |
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is Io geologically active?
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yes
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which planet has the largest satellite?
what is the name? |
saturn
titan |
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can you see the surface of saturn?
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no
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titan consists of
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primarily nitrogen some methane
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titans blue hue is due to
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methane atmosphere
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what exists in all three states on titan?
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methane
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is titan geologically active?
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yes
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what is the density of titan?
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2000
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is tital=n chemically differentiated?
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yes
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all satelites have?
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synchronis rotation
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hyperion
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Hyperion- under 1000 filled of caverns, why, it formed with a lot of gas and as it was cooling gas escaped
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is enceladus geologically active?
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yes
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dione
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white marks are exposed areas where fault line are
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what is used to name the features of enceladus?
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city names
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what is enceladus consist of?
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water ice
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the e ring of saturn is fueled by
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water lava dispursed from enceladus
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who switches orbits regularly?
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Janus and Epimetheus
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mimas
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has huge craters
should have been destroyed has cracks |
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is titania geologically active?
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yes
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Many lesser satellites exhibit geological activity. What is the internal heat source?
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tidal forces
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miranda
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density 1000
was chemically differentiated |
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is titan geologically active?
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yes
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titan is
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in retrograde
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what is the largest captured satellite in the system?
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titan
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does titan have an atmosphere?
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yes nitrogen
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the capture of triton was
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violent
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Why are Neptune and Uranus blue in appearance?
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methane
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How long as the Great Red Spot lasted on Jupiter?
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300 years
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How long do the upper atmospheric storms of Saturn last?
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month
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What is the most likely cause of the misaligned magnetic field of Neptune?
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capture of triton
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What is the cause of the color differences in the rings of Saturn?
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different levels of contamination
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The rings of Uranus and Neptune are icy but are not highly reflective. Why?
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radiation darkening
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Considering the Jovian planets and the layers responsible for their magnetic field, which planet has the largest magnetic field?
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jupiter
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What is the cause of gaps in the rings of the Jovian planets?
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sheppard moons
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what caused the rotational axis of Uranus to exist close to the orbital plane?
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collision
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The lava on Europa is made of
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water
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The lava on Io has magnesium in it, which means that Io
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has a higher internal temperature than Earth
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The lava on Titan is made of
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water and ammonia mix
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Which of the Galilean moons does not contain liquid water?
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Io
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The lava on Io has ___ in it, which means that its internal temperature
is __ compared to Earth's internal temperature. |
magnesium, hotter
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Which of the following satellites is the most reflective body in the
solar system? |
Enceladus
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What does Io and Europa have in common?
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geologically active
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What is special about Triton?
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largest captured satellite
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Where to astronomers get the names of Uranus's satellites?
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shakespears plays
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What is the source of internal heat of Jupiter?
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heat from formation
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he average density of the Jovian planets is around 1300 kg/m3. This
means that they are primarily comprised of |
hydrogen and helium
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Zones have a cooler temperature than belts.
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true
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Jupiter and Saturn have _____ in their upper atmospheres while Uranus
and Neptune do not. |
water and ammonia
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What is the source of internal heat of Saturn?
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helium precipitation
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uranus and neptune started forming closer to the terrestials and got moved back by
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jupiter
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Io
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geologically active
unsubstatial atmosphere lava low mass heated by tidal forces not in the roch limit chemically differentiated most geologically active body in the sytem |
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The lava of Io contains a metal that lava on Earth does not, magnesium. What can you conclude?
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Io's core is hotter than earths core
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Io completes an electric circuit with?
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Jupiter
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plasmatoris
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ionized atoms
explains the debris around jupiter |
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Europa
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density 3000 water ice
geologically active ice rafts |
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Considering the ice rafts found on Europa have a similar pattern to ice rafts on Earth, which of the following do you conclude?
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europa has liquid water under the crust
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1:2:4
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gamemyde, europa, Io
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what satellites have their own magnetic feild?
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Io and ganymede
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ganymede
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used to be geologically active
chemically differentiated half rock half water tidal forces internal heat 5400 kil |
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Callisto
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heavily craterd
probably not geologically active seems homogeneous thin water layer |
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la grange point
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La grange point: a region where gravitational pull of jupiter is the same as the sun
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about how many objects in the kuiper belt
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100,000
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Asteroid belt is a chaotic system due to gravitational forces from
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jupiter
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cere
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Ceres is 975 km across
Spherical in shape First asteroid discovered considered a planet in 1800 |
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Japanese astronomer,_______ , in 1918 discovered groups of asteroids that had very similar orbits
These are called |
Hirayama
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Families of asteroids are created by
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high speed collisions
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Considering how asteroids interact, how do you explain asteroids that are collections of rubble?
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low speed collision
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NEO 6344 P-L happens to have an Earth crossing orbit. Will it eventually strike the Earth?
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no
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key-hole
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Key hole-special place where if a astroid hit that one spot and only that spot it will hit earth but the odds are incredibly small
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Some asteroids have orbits that bring them inside of the ______ orbit
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Martian
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orbits of comets can be
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Orbits can be elliptical, parabolic or hyperbolic
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where do comets originate
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beyond the orbit of neptune
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where do short period comets come from?
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kuiper belt 100 years
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where do long period comets come from?
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oorit cloud 100,000 year
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structure of comets
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Ion tail- always staright
Nucleus is inside the coma- sphere of hydrogen (hydrogen envelope) Dust tail-curved |
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orbits of comets can be
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Orbits can be elliptical, parabolic or hyperbolic
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where do comets originate
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beyond the orbit of neptune
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where do short period comets come from?
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kuiper belt 100 years
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where do long period comets come from?
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oorit cloud 100,000 year
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structure of comets
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Ion tail- always staright
Nucleus is inside the coma- sphere of hydrogen (hydrogen envelope) Dust tail-curved |
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Why is the ion tail of a comet straight instead of curved like the dust tail?
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low mass
Protons come from the hydrogen envelope Photons from the sun is the reason for the tail so it is always pointing away from the sun |
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comet holmes
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Comets have been observed to undergo drastic brightness changes in short amounts of time due to outgassing
has history of outbursts in relatively the same location in orbit |
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meteor showers are
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remnants of comets
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Why is the ion tail of a comet straight instead of curved like the dust tail?
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low mass
Protons come from the hydrogen envelope Photons from the sun is the reason for the tail so it is always pointing away from the sun |
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The names of meteor showers sounds similar to
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constellations
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comet holmes
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Comets have been observed to undergo drastic brightness changes in short amounts of time due to outgassing
has history of outbursts in relatively the same location in orbit |
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pluto
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sphericle
dicovery was an accident |
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meteor showers are
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remnants of comets
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The names of meteor showers sounds similar to
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constellations
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pluto
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sphericle
dicovery was an acciden tMade of rock and ice Chemically differntiated KBO |
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perturbations
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Perturbations- imperfections due to gravity in the orbit of an object
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neptune was found by
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physics
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uranus was found with
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the invention on the camera
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perturbations
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Perturbations- imperfections due to gravity in the orbit of an object
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neptune was found by
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physics
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uranus was found with
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the invention on the camera
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Charon
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Pluto was observed to have a ‘bulge’ come and go in a periodic fashion
Charon was found to have a 6.3 day orbital period Charon has a geo-synchronous rotation |
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Pluto has _____ in its atmosphere that falls as a snow at night
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notrogen
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Please note that Nix was named after
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Nyx
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Nix and Hydra were discovered in
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2005
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Charon, Nix and Hydra orbit in the same plane and
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have an integer orbital relationship
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trans-Neptune object
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All objects with an orbit that extends past Neptune is a trans-Neptune object
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kuiper belt
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All objects that extend beyond the orbit of Neptune and reside about the ecliptic is called the Kuiper Belt
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plutino
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A group of objects that reside around Pluto’s orbit that have a 2:3 orbital resonance with Neptune is called a Plutino
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what is the biggest plutino?
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Pluto
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Which of the following is responsible for plutinos having an orbital resonance with Neptune?
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gravitational fields
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Eris
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The largest known dwarf planet
27% larger than Pluto 3 times farther away from the Sun as Pluto So cold that its atmosphere is frozen on its surface and is highly reflective nitrogen frozen |
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Sedna
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On average, farthest object from the Sun
First Oort Cloud object detected Second in reddish color only to Mars 75% the size of Pluto Data suggests that Sedna has a moon |
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Where does the Asteroid Belt reside?
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between jupiter and mars
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Which of the following is the largest asteroid in the Asteroid Belt?
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ceres
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What is the difference between asteroids and comets?
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astroids formed in the inner solar system
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Where do long-period comets originate?
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Oorit cloud
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Why does the dust tail of a comet curve?
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dust has alot of mass
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What is Pluto’s solar system classification?
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dwarf planet
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Pluto’s eccentric orbit brings it closer to the Sun than Neptune. Will Neptune and Pluto eventually collide?
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no
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How many satellites does Pluto have?
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3
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What is true about Plutinos?
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Have an orbital resonance with Neptune
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How long ago does the KT boundary date?
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65 million years ago
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Why could climate change have killed the dinosaurs?
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change in available plants
temperature of nest too high too cold to have functional metabolism |
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Which of the following could not be a possible explanation for the iridium at the KT boundary?
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Massive tidal waves and tsunamis
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How long did it take for half of the world to burn after the impact?
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Few hours
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What would immediately follow the thermal blast after impact?
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Tsunamis
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Only creatures smaller than ____ survived the impact.
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65 kg
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How far north did the tsunami from the asteroid impact that killed the dinosaurs reach
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inside of South Dakota
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Which of the following would be found at the KT boundary if a local supernova was responsible for the death of the dinosaurs?
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Plutonium
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Why does the KT boundary have a dark color?
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rom burned biological matter
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What was the size of the asteroid that caused Chixculub Crater?
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10 km
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It took a few hours for half of the world to burn in a fire after a catastrophic collision.
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true
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Where is Chixculub Crater?
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Outside of the Yucatan
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c Cuvier believed life was marked by
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periods of creation, stasis, then obliteration
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c Lyell believed
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small changes added up over long periods of time
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Extinction occurs when
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birth rate is lower than death rate
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massive extinctions have happened in past 450 million years
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5
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The Sun has a cycle of moving up and down through the Galactic Disk
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Moves through disk about every 30 million years
Moving through the high density disk could perturb Oort Cloud Objects Went through disk just a few million years ago! |
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Ordovician period
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100 families extinct
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Devonian
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30% animal families extinct
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Permian
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50 % of animal species & 95% of marine species extinct and many trees die
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Triassic
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35% of all animal families die out, early dinosaurs extinct
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Cretaceous-Tertiary
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50% of all life forms die
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Mechanisms that increase space dust
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Nearby supernova
If true, would find measurable amounts of Plutonium We do not Giant meteor or asteroid 10-km asteroid would have ejected enough dust into upper atmosphere to darken and cool the Earth for several years (Nuclear Winter) "The heat from the impact would have reduced the biomass on continents to a fine ash,“ says Doug Robertson, the University of Colorado at Boulder |
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are quartz grains which are vaporized under intense heat and pressure, and cool into glass beads with no crystalline structure
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Tektites
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Europa
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Ganymede
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Io
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