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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sister planet of Earth
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Venus
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fastest moving planet
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Mercury
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"psychologically pleasing" planet
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Mars
-same hours day/night -seasons twice as long |
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slowest rotating planet
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Venus
-days longer than years |
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retrograde motion
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rotating in wrong direction
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densities of materials
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water (ice) = 1.0
rocks ~ 3.0 metals ~ 8-10 |
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properties of terrestrial planets
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-high density
-orbits closely spaced -slow rotations -masses/sizes much smaller |
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less massive terrestrial planets (2 of 4)
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Mars and Mercury
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robots have landed on...
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-Moon
-Venus -Mars -Titan -asteroids |
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we have probed the atomspheres of...
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-Venus
-Mars -Jupiter -Titan |
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we mapped .... with radar
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Venus and Titan
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gas giants
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Jupiter and Saturn
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ice giants
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Uranus and Neptune
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dwarf planets (ice/rocky)
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-Pluto
-Eris -Ceres |
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new dwarf planets
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-MakeMake
-Haumea |
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small icy bodies
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-Kuiper Belt
-Comets |
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small rocky objects
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-Asteroids
-Meteors |
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surface temp. of sun
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6000K
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most visible sun light:
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UV and IR
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age/life of sun
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4.6 b years old
12 b years left |
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largest terrestrial planet
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Earth
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terrestrial planet w/out atmosphere
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Mercury
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density range of terrestrial planets
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3.9-5.5 g/cc
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range of Jovian planets distances
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5 to 30 AU
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density range of Jovian planets
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0.7 to 1.7 g/cc
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composition of Jupiter/Saturn
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-thick H/He atmosphere
-liquid hydrogen mantle -small rock core |
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composition of Uranus/Neptune
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-thick H/He atmosphere
-ice mantle -even smaller rock core |
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mass of Jovian planets
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Jupiter - 318 M
Saturn - 95 M Uranus - 15M Neptune - 17M |
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mass of terrestrial planets
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Mercury - .055 M
Venus - .82 M Earth - 1 m Mars - .11 M |
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dwarf planet properties
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-Outer SS objects
-More elliptical, inclined orbits -Massive enuf to be spheroidal -Not dominant in their orbital neighborhoods |
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planets w/out moons
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Mercury and Venus
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Jupiter moons
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Io
Europa Ganymede Callisto |
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Saturn moon
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Titan
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Neptune moon
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Triton
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properties of Asteroids
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-Rock & metal (2-3 g/cc)
-Sizes: Few 100km to boulders -Most are found in the Main Belt (2.1-3.2 AU) |
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properties of Meteors
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-Vaporizing bits of rock and metal
-Sizes: grains of sand to boulders -Enter our atmosphere |
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properties of Comets
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-Long tails when near Sun
-"Dirty Snowballs" |
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Kuiper Belt objects
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-Outer SS (30-100AU)
-1.2 to 2 g/cc (mostly ices) -A source of: short-period comets (<200 yrs) dwarf planets |
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The Oort Cloud
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-size: ≈ 100,000 AU
-source of long-period comets |
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Electromagnetic waves
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Periodic changes in the strengths of electric & magnetic fields.
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speed of light (c)
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299,792.458 km/sec
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relationship of frequency/wavelength
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c = frequency x wavelength
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EM spectrum
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Low F, long WL
radio microwave IR visible UV x-ray gamma ray High F, short WL |
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composition of Earth's atm.
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Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21% CO2 - .04% & rising |
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Earth's core
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-extend to half-Earth radius
-inner: solid iron -outer: liquid iron |
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Earth's mantle
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-Silicate rock that can “flow
-most of Earth's mass |
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Earth's crust
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-thin ~ 20 miles
-ocean: basalt (solid magma) -continents: various rocks |
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silicate rocks
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granite
quartz |
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geological activity
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changes to surface of planet
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Mercury spacecrafts
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Mariner 10 (1974-5)
-1 flyby (half planet Messenger -orbits (has 3 flybys already) |
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smallest/fastest terrestrial planet
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Mercury
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Mercury orbit
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-highest incline: 7 degrees
-highest eccentricity: 0.21 -2 orbits = 3 rotations -> Tidal Resonance |
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Mercury surface
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-largest temp D/N: 800F>-279F
-high crater count |
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Mercury interior
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-huge iron core (75% radius)
60% mass -rocky mantle: ~700 km |
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Venus atmosphere
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96% Carbon Dioxide
0.15% Sulfur Dioxide 0.02% Water Vapor -sulfuric acid clouds 48-58km high -runaway Greenhouse effect |
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Venus surface
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-891º F
-90 atm -NO plate tectonics -low impact craters |
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Venus terrain
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85% rolling planes
15% highlands / mountains -Ishtar Terra -Aphrodite Terra |
