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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is diurnal motion?
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every object "moving" from east to west
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circumpolar stars
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stars that don't rise or set
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what is Polaris
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north star
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precession period of Earth
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26,000 y
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proof of Earth's rotation
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-Foucault pendulum
-Coriolis effect |
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Coriolis drift if heading North
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East
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Coriolis drift if heading south
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West
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what is the zodiac?
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band of constellations closest to the Ecliptic
~18 degrees |
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Earth's axis tilt
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23.5 degrees from perpendicular
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what is stellar parallax
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change in direction of star from Earth due to moving Earth
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the Moon's orbital period
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29.5 days
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Lunar eclipse arrangement
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Moon > Earth > Sun
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solar eclipse arrangement
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Earth > Moon > Sun
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Solar or Lunar more common?
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lunar
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reason for eclipse RED COLOR
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scattered blue light in atm
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sun/moon remarkable coincidence
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sun 400x farther away
sun 400x larger than |
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angular size of moon / sun
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1/2 degree
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Line of Nodes
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intersection of moon's orbit and ecliptic
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any given location eclipse intervals
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lunar - 3 years
solar - 360 years |
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3 famous greeks
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plato, aristotle, hipparchus
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Plato's 4 SS assumptions
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-geocentric
-earth not rotating -circular orbit -objects move at uniform speed |
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Aristotle correctly explained:
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-phases of Moon
-eclipses -spherical EaRth |
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Hipparchus discovered:
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-objects change speeds
-retrograde motion |
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Ptolemy's Complex Geocentrism
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-4 greek assumptions
-inelegant, awkard -Epicycles for retrograde motion -Deferents for change in angular speed |
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Plato's 4 SS assumptions
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-geocentric
-earth not rotating -circular orbit -objects move at uniform speed |
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the great interuption
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-Rome fell 400AD till Islam rise 760AD
-islamic scholars advance math, astronomy,geography, optics, medicine |
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Aristotle correctly explained:
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-phases of Moon
-eclipses -spherical EaRth |
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Hipparchus discovered:
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-objects change speeds
-retrograde motion |
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Ptolemy's Complex Geocentrism
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-4 greek assumptions
-inelegant, awkard -Epicycles for retrograde motion -Deferents for change in angular speed |
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the great interuption
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-Rome fell 400AD till Islam rise 760AD
-islamic scholars advance math, astronomy,geography, optics, medicine |
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Copernicus influences
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influenced by Aquinas
didn't like Ptolemy |
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Copernican model
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-heliocentric
-correct order -rotating Earth -diff. speeds -BAD: planet circular motion! |
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1 AU
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93 million mi.
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"Copernican Principle"
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nothing special about Earth's place
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Tycho Brahe
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-recorded extensive data
-danish nobility -built instruments |
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Johannes Kepler
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-obsessed with finding harmony in heavens
-poor family -Mars' orbit was ellipse |
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perihelion
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-point in orbit closest to sun
-fastest speed |
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aphelion
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-farthest away from sun
-slowest speed |
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galileo
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-first telescope
-craters/mtns on Moon -sunspots/Solar rotation -moons of Jupiter -phases of Venus |
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The Starry Messenger
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Galileo's "best seller"
Earth wasn't center! |
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moon gravity to Earth's
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1/6 g
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Newton's "leap"
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same laws here, same laws everywhere
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Newton's third law
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"For every actions there is a reaction"
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escape velocity of Earth
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25,000 mph
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