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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the two Beta2-adrenoceptor agonists which act as bronchodilators |
Salbutamol (short acting) Salmeterol (long acting) |
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Name a cysteine leukotriene agonist which is a bronchodilator |
Monteleukast (another would be Zafirlukast) |
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Theophyline and its derivatives work by... |
Relaxing smooth muscle, but mainly used in COPD now |
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Name the muscarinic receptor antagonist used as a long acting drug to help maintain COPD |
Ipatropium |
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Give two examples of glucocorticoids |
Beclomethasone Budesonide |
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What effect overall do glucocorticoids have in treating astma? |
They are anti-inflammatory agents |
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How do Beta-adrenreceptor agonists work in treating asthma? |
They act on Beta2 receptors of smooth muscle and relax it to dilate the bronchi - they are usually given via aerosol |
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What is the action of glucocorticoids? |
They aim at reducing inflammation by decreasing the production of inflammatory mediators which include: - cytokines, especially those released by Th2 lymphocytes (CD4 T cells) and these are IL-4, IL5, and IL-13 -Vasodilators such as prostaglandins as they inhibit COX - the activation of eosinophils |
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Name a glucocorticoid that is given IV in high doses which could save the life of someone having an acute severe asthma attack |
IV Hydricortisone |
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Describe the mechanism of action of cysteinyl-leukotriene receptor antagonists such as monteleukast |
Montelukast and zafirlukast antagonise only CysLT1 receptors and work by relaxing the airways and can help to reduce exercise-induced asthma. They inhibit leukotrienes which are fatty compounds produced by the immune system that can cause inflammation |
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What is the effect of Ipatropium as a treatment? |
It is usually given for COPD, it inhibits mucous secretions and thus can help with bronchial clearance - it is non specific and works on muscarinic recpetors
Also used to treat bronchospasm that can be caused by Beta-blockers |
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How does Theophylline work as a treatment in asthma? |
It leads to an increase in cyclic nucleotides and this helps to relax smooth muscle |
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Describe the course of treatment for someone having an acute severe asthma attack |
Give oxygen to maintain SpO2 at 94-98% Give nebulised salbutamol Give IV hydricortisone
If not responding well then:
Give nebulised ipratopium IV magnesium sulphate Give salbutamol IV instead of nebulised |
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What type of drugs are used in treating coughs? |
Opoids are used which include Codeine, Dextromethorphan and Pholcodine
They act by suppressing cough as lower doses than would normally be given for pain relief
They are respiratory depressants though so could have negative effects in the terminally ill
Eg morphine is used in palliative care to treat distressing coughs in cancer patients |
