Asthma & Hypersensitivity Pharmacology (Pb&t)

Front 1

Drug Name: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
Mechanism of Action:
Side Effects:
Toxicity:
Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
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Other info:

Back 1

USES: Symptoms of allergies
MECHANISM: H1-competive antagonist. Does not prevent release of histamine
SIDE EFFECTS: Sedation
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Significant antimuscarinic activity

Front 2

Drug Name: DiProline (Betamethasone)
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
Mechanism of Action:
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Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
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Back 2

USES: Contact Urticaria
MECHANISM: Steroid - Topical application
SIDE EFFECTS:
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER:

Front 3

Drug Name: Loratadine (Claritin)
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
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Back 3

USES: Allergic rhinits
MECHANISM: Competitive antagonist of H1 receptor. Irreversible at higher doses.
SIDE EFFECTS: Does NOT cause drowsiness
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS: Grapefruit, TCA's, MAO-inhibitors
OTHER: Active metabolite of another H1 antagonist terfenadine

Front 4

Drug Name: Fexofenadine (Allegra)
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
Mechanism of Action:
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Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
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Back 4

USES: Allergic rhinits
MECHANISM: Competitive antagonist of H1 receptor. Irreversible at higher doses.
SIDE EFFECTS: Does NOT cause drowsiness
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS: Grapefruit, TCA's, MAO-inhibitors
OTHER: Active metabolite of another H1 antagonist terfenadine

Front 5

Drug Name: Fluticasone Propionate (Flonase)
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
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Back 5

USES: Allergic& non-allergic rhinits
MECHANISM: Corticosteroid - anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, vasoconstrictive properties
SIDE EFFECTS:
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OTHER: Corticosteroids block eicosinoid synthesis by blocking annexins

Front 6

Drug Name: Cromolyn sodium
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
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Back 6

USES: Prophylaxis of allergies, asthma
MECHANISM: Corticosteroid - Stabilizes membranes of mast cells.
SIDE EFFECTS:
TOXICITY:
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INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: May take weeks to elicit effects. Not soluble in H20. Used in arosols and eye drops

Front 7

Drug Name: Cromolyn sodium
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
Mechanism of Action:
Side Effects:
Toxicity:
Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
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Other info:

Back 7

USES: Prophylaxis of allergies, asthma
MECHANISM: Corticosteroid - Stabilizes membranes of mast cells.
SIDE EFFECTS:
TOXICITY:
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INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: May take weeks to elicit effects. Not soluble in H20. Used in arosols and eye drops

Front 8

Drug Name: Albuterol (Proventil)
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
Mechanism of Action:
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Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
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Other info:

Back 8

USES: Asthma rescue
MECHANISM: Beta-2 agonist. Bronchodilator. Spray -although a lot absorbed through GI tract when swallowed. Activates adenylate cyclase
SIDE EFFECTS: Stimulates smooth muscle in the lungs, uterus and vasculature of muscle
TOXICITY:
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CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Does not cross BBB

Front 9

Drug Name: Salmeterol (Serevent; Advair)
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
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Back 9

USES: Asthma, obstructive airway disease prophylactic
MECHANISM: Inhaled Beta-2 agonist causes bronchodilation. Longer duration than Albuterol. Inhibits late phase of allergen inducedbronchoconstruction
SIDE EFFECTS: Stimulates smooth muscle in the lungs, uterus and vasculature of muscle
TOXICITY:
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CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Should never be used to treate acute attack

Front 10

Drug Name: Theophylline
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
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Back 10

USES: Asthma
MECHANISM: Oral xanthine derivative causes bronchodilation. Similarities to caffeine and theobromine. Inhibits phosphodisesterase that breaks down cAMP.
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TOXICITY:
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INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Acts in all cells, not just lungs. Should be used under supervision of doctor.

Front 11

Drug Name: Corticosteroids (in general)
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
Mechanism of Action:
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Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
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Back 11

USES: Prophylactic treatment of asthma
MECHANISM: Exact protective mechanism unknown. Inhibits inflammatory cytokines. Aerosolized forms bypass negative effects
SIDE EFFECTS:
TOXICITY: Can be toxic to leukocytes
ANTIDOTES:
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Should not be used to treat acute attacks

Front 12

Drug Name: Ceclamethasone (Beclovent, Vancenase)
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
Mechanism of Action:
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Toxicity:
Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
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Other info:

Back 12

USES: Prophylactic treatment of asthma
MECHANISM: Inhaled glucocorticoid. Mode similar to Fluticasone
SIDE EFFECTS: Hoarseness, thrush
TOXICITY:
ANTIDOTES: Gargle water and spit out after use, lozenges
CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER:

Front 13

Drug Name: Prednisone
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
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Back 13

USES: Prophylactic treatmetn of asthma
MECHANISM: Oral corticosteroid. Metabolized in liver to active form - prednisolone.
SIDE EFFECTS: Adrenal suppresion, peptic ulcer, redistribution of fat, moon face
TOXICITY:
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CONTRAINDICATIONS:
INTERACTIONS:
OTHER: Intermediate duration between hydrocortisone and dexamethasone

Front 14

Drug Name: Zafirlukast (Accolate) & Montelukast (Singulaire)
Where applicable list:

Therapeutic Uses:
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Antidotes or treatment of toxic effects:
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Back 14

USES: Prophylactic treatment of asthma
MECHANISM: Blocks Leukotriene D4&E4 receptor. Inhibits bronchoconstriction caused by SO2, cold air. Attenuates early and late phase reactions caused by allergens, aspirin
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OTHER: