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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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B2 agonist - short acting and given by inhalation (4-6 hours) |
Salbutamol |
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B2 agonist - long acting and given by inhalation (12 hours) |
Salmeterol |
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B2 agonists side effects |
Tolerance, tremor |
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Stimulation of B2 receptors leads to... |
Activation of adenalyl cyclase and increase in the second messenger cAMP, leading to smooth muscle relaxation |
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Muscarinic antagonist, given by inhalation, which: block M3 mediated bronchoconstriction (block the parasympathetic tone) and decrease mucus secretions |
Ipratropium |
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Why does Ipratropium have few side effects? |
Not very well absorbed and thus does not get into circulation. Can cause dry mouth and increased heart rate on some occasions. |
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How do Xanthines cause bronchodilation? |
Proposed to block phosphodiesterase enzymes. Blocking phosphodiesterase III and IV increases cAMP, leading to bronchodilation. |
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Apart from the ability to cause bronchodilation, name another property of Xantines? |
Anti-inflammation (caused by blocking phosphodiesterases) |
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Name a Xanthine drug and some of the known side effects |
Theophylline - chronotropic and inotopic stimulation, CNS stimulation, GI disturbances. Can also cause tachycardia. |
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Glucocorticoids are most effective in which stage of asthma? |
Delayed stage |
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Glucocorticoids induce the synthesis of... |
Lipocortin (inhibits phospholipase A2, therefore decreasing the production of inflammatory mediators) |
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Glucocorticoid drugs used to treat asthma |
Beclomethasone (inhalation); Prednisolone (orally); Hydrocortisone (injectuin) |
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Mast cell stabiliser which prevents the release of histamine and inflammatory mediators. Also may inhibit hyper-responsivity by depressing neuronal reflexes triggered by irritant receptors |
Sodium Cromolyn |
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Drugs with adverse effects in patients with respiratory disease |
B-adrenoreceptor antagonists, Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, Captoril (used to treat hypertension) can induce cough, NSAIDs can preciptate asthma as well as aspirin. |
