Association Cortex

Front 1

include most of the cerebral surface in humans

Back 1

association cortices

Front 2

diverse functions of the association cortices
-ability to attend to external stimuli or internal motivation

Back 2

cognition

Front 3

different sources of input to the association cortices

Back 3

brainstem, thalamus, other areas of cerebral cortex including
-primary and secondary sensory and motor cortices
-other association cortices

Front 4

outputs of association cortices

Back 4

hippocampus, basal ganglia, cerebellum, thalamus, cortical areas

Front 5

important for attending to stimuli in the external and internal environment

Back 5

parietal association cortex
-deficits in attention or perceptual awareness caused by parietal lobe lesions

Front 6

brainstem contribution to association cortices

Back 6

dopaminergic, noradrenergic, cholinergic, serotonergic nuclei contribute to mental state

Front 7

condition in which patient does not acknowledge or attend to the left visual hemifield or the left half of the body due to what?

Back 7

contralateral neglect syndrome
-due to lesion in right parietal association cortex

Front 8

difficulty performing complex motor tasks on the affected side

Back 8

apraxias

Front 9

right parietal association cortex responsible for attention on vs left

Back 9

left and right
-left is responsible for only right

Front 10

severe right neglect would only result from

Back 10

lesion in both hemispheres of the parietal association cortex area

Front 11

describe selective activation of neurons in monkeys due to reward

Back 11

monkeys pay more attention to stimulus when a reward can be expected.
-meaning rate of action potentials firing has increased

Front 12

mediates recognition and identification of stimuli

Back 12

temporal association cortex

Front 13

difficulty recognizing and identifying different categories of objects
due to?
differs from apraxias?

Back 13

agnosias
-damage to temporal lobe
-able to acknowledge stimuli but can't report what it is

Front 14

two aspects of agnosias

Back 14

1. lexical - mismatching of verbal symbols with stimuli
2. mnemonic - unable to recall stimuli when confronted again

Front 15

inability to recognize and identify faces
due to?

Back 15

prosopagnosia
-damage to inferior temporal cortex
-aware of stimulus and can describe it but cannot identify

Front 16

damage to right temporal cortex vs left temporal cortex

Back 16

right - agnosia of faces and objects
left - difficulties with language related materials

Front 17

describe selective activation of face cells in temporal cortex

Back 17

-neuron only fires when it is seen from the front or from the side
-different neurons fire for different facial views

Front 18

the largest of all the lobes and has a wide variety of functions

Back 18

frontal lobe

Front 19

mediates planning and decision making

Back 19

front association cortex

Front 20

difficulty carrying out complex behaviors appropriate to situation due to?

Back 20

damage of the frontal lobe

Front 21

describe phineas gage

Back 21

temperate hardworking guy before frontal lobe damage
-after - inconsiderate, couldn't cope with normal social intercourse
-no ability to plan for the future

Front 22

-impaired restraint
-disordered thought
-perseveration
-inability to plan appropriate action

Back 22

-result from frontal lobe damage

Front 23

repetition of same behavior

Back 23

perseveration

Front 24

Wisonsin card-sorting task showed what?

Back 24

people with frontal lobe damage had difficulty using previous information to guide subsequent behavior
-ex. use info about previous trial to figure out next trial

Front 25

actively repressing an expected behavioral response

Back 25

dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex

Front 26

describe planning neurons in the monkey frontal cortex

Back 26

monkey must used working memory which is involved in prefrontal cortex to remember where the food was places and that he wants and how to get it.
-displays frontal cortex involved in working memory and planning

Front 27

region of brain prominently active during increased activity during rest

Back 27

prefrontal cortex

Front 28

association cortices involved in brain's default network

Back 28

frontal, parietal, temporal

Front 29

stains cell bodies

Back 29

Nissl

Front 30

stains myelinated axons

Back 30

Weigert

Front 31

stains entire neurons, though not all

Back 31

Golgi