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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what controls heart rate? |
autonomic nervous system baroreceptors and chemoreceptors catecholamines and thyroid hormones |
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what effects stroke volume |
preload (degree of stretch of cardiac muscle fibres at the end of diastole) (starlings law)
afterload (amount of resistance to ejection of blood from ventricles) |
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contractility definition |
contractility or pumping action of the myocardium results from stimulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres supplying the heart. |
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conduction system definition |
generates and sends electrical impluses throughout the myocardium |
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problems with conduction system |
problems that can alter impulses leading to altered cardiac output: cardiac muscle damage tissue hypoxia medication abnormal serum |
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cardiac/vascular definition |
describes a person experiencing or at high risk to experience various cardiac and/or vascular dysfunctions |
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myocardial ischemia (decreased cardiac output) defintion |
occurs when blood flow to heart muscle is decreased by blockage in heart arteries. (treated by meds or surgery) |
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myocardial ischemia causes |
blockage decreased blood flow increased oxygen demand |
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decreased cadiac output definition |
not enough blood pumped by the heart per minute |
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causes of decreased cardiac output |
coronary artery disease cardiomyopathy valve disorders, lung disease
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defining characteristics of decreased cardiac output |
altered heart rate/rhythm altered contractility altered preload behaviour (anxiety, restlessness) altered afterload prolonged capillary refill |
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assessment for cardiac function |
health history risk factors (non-modifiable(age) modifiable (smoking)) |
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most common clinical manifestations |
chest pain dyspnea peripheral edema and weight gain fatigue dizziness, snycope, changes in level of consciousness |
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defining characteristics of decreased cardiac output |
increased resp. rate decreased/increased BP decreased/increased pulse abnormal heart sounds crackle lung sounds ecg changes decreased output changes in mentation delayed capillary refill neck vein distention weak peripheral pulses dysrhythmias decreased sao2 |
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alterations of cardiac function |
disturbances in conduction altered cardiac output impaired valvular function myocardial ischemia |
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potential nursing diagnosis |
decreased cardiac output ineffective cardiac tissue perfusion pain activity intolerance anxiety fear fatigue disturbed sleep pattern ineffective health maintenance |
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goals for decreased cardiac output |
client will maintain adequate blood supply to tissues by the time of discharge client will demonstrate adequate cardiac output aeb |
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interventions for decreased cardiac output |
monitor signs and symptoms of decreased cardiac output
CARDIAC OUTPUT= HR X SV
monitor vs morphine (caution position (client legs evevated) rest O2 therapy i&o |
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evaluation for decreased cardiac output |
client exhibits signs of adequate blood supply to tissue aeb
client demonstrates adequate cardiac output aeb |
