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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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individual differences
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dissimilarities between two or more people
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differential psychology
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study of differences between two or more people on psychological constructs
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psychometrics
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study of measuring psychological construct
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metric
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scale, standar of measurement
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experimental v. differential
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exp: design experiment to see how alike people are in response to a stimulus
dif: looks at qualities within a person to explain behavior |
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g
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ability to learn, reason, and solve problems in different ways or circumstances
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flynn effect
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each generation appear to be more intelligent than the last
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bfoq
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bona fide occupational qualification: ability that is necessary for the job
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sensory abilities
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touch, taste, hearing, smell, vision, bodily-kinesthetic
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americans with disabilities act
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1990, employers can't ask about sensory or physical disabilities until after an offer of employment
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psychomotor abilities
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abilities related to movement (coordination, reaction time, dexterity)
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personality
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characteristics, emotional responses, thoughts, and behaviors that stay stable throughout time and circumstances
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psychodynamic theory
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freud: unconscious motives, not aware of conflict between forces
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behavioralism
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skinner and watson: environment and learning shapes personality, observable behavior and objective evidence
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social-cognitive theory
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personality reflects individual cognitive processes, expectations, beliefs, external factors
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Five Factor Model
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openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
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KSAO
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knowledge, skills, abilities, other
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multiple intelligences
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g is not sufficient to explain behavior: mathematical, linguistic, musical, intra/interpersonal, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic
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emotional intelligence
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awareness of our and other's emotionals
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test
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objective and standardized procedure which measures a psychological construct based on a sample of behavior
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meaning of a score
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no meaning without context, norming is necessary
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minimum competencies of proper use of tests
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don't label people with derogatory terms, refrain from coaching or training, keep test materials and answers secure, establish a rapport with examinee, settings for optimal test performance
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places to find test
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mental measurements test yearbook, buros institute tests in print
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speed tests
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time limit, easier questions
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power tests
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no time limit, varying levels of difficulty, not everyone is expected to get all correct
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bias
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statistical error in prediction of subgroup
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fairness
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issues of values judgments of actions taken based on a test
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cultural influences on testing (examples)
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beta VHS v. beta versions on computers, coaster is to mug as saucer is to cup
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test batteries (examples)
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ASVAB: Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery
GATB: General Ability Test Battery |
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advantages of test batteries
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more robust and detailed information, better predictor or performance
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disadvantages of test batteries
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time consuming, more resources, test fatigue
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screen out tests
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looking for psychopathology
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screen in tests
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looking for traits of normal personality
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MMPI
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Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory: validity scales and clinical scales
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JPI
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Jackson Personality Inventory
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integrity testing
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concerned with honesty, overt or personality based
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problems with personality tests
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faking, unconscious parts
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objective tests
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standardized stimulus, self report or observer ratings
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projective tests
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ambiguous stimuli, unconscious motives, Rorschach or TAT
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CRT
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conditional reasoning test, projective test present as reasoning test, implicit personality measure
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situational interview
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asking questions about what one would do in different situations
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unstructured interview
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broader questions, vary by candidate, less rigorous scoring, not as valid
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assessment centers
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collections of procedures used for evaluations, often possible promotions
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incremental validity
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degree to which validity increases when another predictor is added to an existing selection procedure
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biodata
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biographical data that would correlate with performance
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grades and letters of recommendation
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not seriously researched, correlate more with job offers than with performance
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graphology
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characteristics assessed through handwriting
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polygraph
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measures physiological responses and signals deception
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computer based assessments
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measuring the same thing? problems with not viewing the whole test and the aging population
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computer adaptive testing
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preliminary routing test which allows tailoring to ability level
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